On the evolution of the black hole:spheroid mass ratio

Abstract

We present the results of a study which uses the 3CRR sample of radio-loud active galactic nuclei to investigate the evolution of the black-hole:spheroid mass ratio in the most massive early-type galaxies from 0<z<2. Radio-loud unification is exploited to obtain virial (line-width) black-hole mass estimates from the 3CRR quasars, and stellar mass estimates from the 3CRR radio galaxies, thereby providing black-hole and stellar mass estimates for a single population of early-type galaxies. At low redshift (z<1) the 3CRR sample is consistent with a black-hole:spheroid mass ratio of M_bh/M_sph ~0.002, in good agreement with that observed locally for quiescent galaxies of similar stellar mass (M_sph ~5x10^11 M_sun). However, over the redshift interval 0<z<2 the 3CRR black-hole:spheroid mass ratio is found to evolve as M_bh/M_sph \propto (1+z)^{2.07\pm0.76}, reaching M_bh/M_sph ~0.008 by redshift z~2. This evolution is found to be inconsistent with the local black hole:spheroid mass ratio remaining constant at a moderately significant level (98%). If confirmed, the detection of evolution in the 3CRR black-hole:spheroid mass ratio further strengthens the evidence that, at least for massive early-type galaxies, the growth of the central supermassive black hole may be completed before that of the host spheroid.

arXiv comment9 pages, 4 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in MNRAS

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