Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. V. The Relation Between Black Hole Mass and Host Galaxy Luminosity for a Sample of 79 Active Galaxies

Abstract

We investigate the cosmic evolution of the black hole (BH) mass -- bulge luminosity relation using a sample of 52 active galaxies at $z\sim 0.36$ and $z\sim 0.57$ in the BH mass range of $10^{7.4-9.1}{M}_{\odot }$. By consistently applying multi-component spectral and structural decomposition to high-quality Keck spectra and high-resolution HST images, BH masses ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$) are estimated using the H$\beta$ broad emission line combined with the 5100 Å nuclear luminosity, and bulge luminosities ($L_{\mathrm{bul}}$) are derived from surface photometry. Comparing the resulting $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-L_{\mathrm{bul}}$ relation to local active galaxies and taking into account selection effects, we find evolution of the form $M_{\mathrm{BH}}/L_{\mathrm{bul}}\propto (1+z{)}^{\gamma }$ with $\gamma =1.8\pm 0.7$, consistent with BH growth preceding that of the host galaxies. Including an additional sample of 27 active galaxies with $0.5<z<1.9$ taken from the literature and measured in a consistent way, we obtain $\gamma =0.9\pm 0.7$ for the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-L_{\mathrm{bul}}$ relation and $\gamma =0.4\pm 0.5$ for the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$--total host galaxy luminosity ($L_{\mathrm{host}}$) relation. The results strengthen the findings from our previous studies and provide additional evidence for host-galaxy bulge growth being dominated by disk-to-bulge transformation via minor mergers and/or disk instabilities.

Accepted for publication in ApJ. 33 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables

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