Clustering of High Redshift ($z\ge 2.9$) Quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

Abstract

(Abridged) We study the two-point correlation function of a uniformly selected sample of 4,426 luminous optical quasars with redshift $2.9\le z\le 5.4$ selected over 4041 deg${}^2$ from the Fifth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. For a real-space correlation function of the form $\xi (r)=(r/r_0{)}^{-\gamma }$, the fitted parameters in comoving coordinates are $r_0=15.2\pm 2.7h^{-1}$ Mpc and $\gamma =2.0\pm 0.3$, over a scale range $4\le r_p\le 150h^{-1}$ Mpc. Thus high-redshift quasars are appreciably more strongly clustered than their $z\approx 1.5$ counterparts, which have a comoving clustering length $r_0\approx 6.5h^{-1}$ Mpc. Dividing our sample into two redshift bins: $2.9\le z\le 3.5$ and $z\ge 3.5$, and assuming a power-law index $\gamma =2.0$, we find a correlation length of $r_0=16.9\pm 1.7h^{-1}$ Mpc for the former, and $r_0=24.3\pm 2.4h^{-1}$ Mpc for the latter. Following Martini & Weinberg, we relate the clustering strength and quasar number density to the quasar lifetimes and duty cycle. Using the Sheth & Tormen halo mass function, the quasar lifetime is estimated to lie in the range $4\sim 50$ Myr for quasars with $2.9\le z\le 3.5$; and $30\sim 600$ Myr for quasars with $z\ge 3.5$. The corresponding duty cycles are $0.004\sim 0.05$ for the lower redshift bin and $0.03\sim 0.6$ for the higher redshift bin. The minimum mass of halos in which these quasars reside is $2-3\times 10^{12}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot }$ for quasars with $2.9\le z\le 3.5$ and $4-6\times 10^{12}{h}^{-1}{M}_{\odot }$ for quasars with $z\ge 3.5$.

arXiv commentTo appear in AJ; 20 emulateapj pages; supplemental materials can be found at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~yshen/highz_qso_clustering/qso_clustering.htm

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• Modification of the 21-cm power spectrum by X-rays during the epoch of reionisation
• A Mixture of LBG Overdensities in the Fields of Three $6<z<7$ Quasars: Implications for the Robustness of Photometric Selection
• QSOs sigposting cluster size halos as gravitational lenses: halo mass, projected mass density profile and concentration at $z\sim 0.7$
• Predictions of Quasar Clustering: Redshift, Luminosity and Selection Dependence
• Suppression of Low-mass Galaxy Formation around Quasars at z~2-3
• Selection constraints on high redshift quasar searches in the VISTA kilo-degree infrared galaxy survey
• Modification of the 21-cm power spectrum by quasars during the epoch of reionisation
• Probing the environment of high-z quasars using the proximity effect in projected quasar pairs
• The ALHAMBRA survey: Discovery of a faint QSO at z = 5.41
• Quasars as a tracer of large-scale structures in the distant universe
• Semi-analytic modelling of AGNs: auto-correlation function and halo occupation
• A Cross-correlation Analysis of AGN and Galaxies using Virtual Observatory: Dependence on Virial Mass of Super-Massive Black Hole
• The Quasar-LBG Two-point Angular Cross-correlation Function at z ~ 4 in the COSMOS Field
• Revisiting the Extreme Clustering of $z\approx 4$ Quasars with Large Volume Cosmological Simulations
• The impact of temperature fluctuations on the large-scale clustering of the Ly$\alpha$ forest
• Early Science Result from the Japanese Virtual Observatory: AGN and Galaxy Clustering at z = 0.3 to 3.0
• The Halo Occupation Distribution of Black Holes: Dependence on Mass
• Downsizing of Star Formation Measured from the Clustered Infrared Background Correlated with Quasars
• A Halo Occupation Interpretation Of Quasars At $z\sim 1.5$ Using Very Small Scale Clustering Information
• Quasars at intermediate redshift are not special; but they are often satellites
• Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph -- Distant Quasar Survey: Augmented Spectroscopic Catalog and a Prescription for Correcting UV-Based Quasar Redshifts
• APEX at the QSO MUSEUM: molecular gas reservoirs associated with $z\sim$3 quasars and their link to the extended Ly$\alpha$ emission
• Stochastic Processes as the Origin of the Double-Power Law Shape of the Quasar Luminosity Function
• Subaru narrow-band imaging search for Lyman continuum from galaxies at z>3 in the GOODS-N field
• Spatially Resolved Patchy Lyman-$\alpha$ Emission Within the Central Kiloparsec of a Strongly Lensed Quasar Host Galaxy at z = 2.8
• Constraints On Duty Cycles Of Quasars At Z $\sim$ 6
• A Little Red Dot at $\mathbf{z}=7.3$ within a Large Galaxy Overdensity
• A Wide and Deep Exploration of Radio Galaxies with Subaru HSC (WERGS). VI. Distant Filamentary Structures Pointed by High-z Radio Galaxies at z~4
• Do Stellar Winds Prevent the Formation of Supermassive Stars by Accretion?
• Quasar -- CIV forest cross-correlation with SDSS DR12
• Mapping reionization bubbles in the JWST era I: empirical edge detection with Lyman alpha emission from galaxies
• Probing quasar lifetimes with proximate $21$-centimetre absorption in the diffuse intergalactic medium at redshifts $z\ge 6$
• Correlation function of quasars in real and redshift space from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7
• Fingerprints of Anomalous Primordial Universe on the Abundance of Large Scale Structures
• Revisiting the clustering of narrow-line AGN in the local Universe: Joint dependence on stellar mass and color
• Faint Quasars Live in the Same Number Density Environments as Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 4
• On merger bias and the clustering of quasars
• QSO MUSEUM II: Search for extended Ly$\alpha$ emission around eight $z\sim 3$ quasar pairs
• Probing the Mpc-scale environment of hyperluminous infrared galaxies at 2<z<4
• A Physical Model for the Quasar Luminosity Function Evolution between Cosmic Dawn and High Noon
• Co-evolution of supermassive black holes with galaxies from semi-analytic model: stochastic gravitational wave background and black hole clustering
• Nature and Origins of Rich Complexes of C IV Associated Absorption Lines
• Composite spectra of quasars with different UV spectral index
• A search for nontoroidal topological lensing in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey quasar catalog
• Effects of the Hubble Parameter on the Cosmic Growth of the First Quasars
• Imprints of the super-Eddington accretion on the quasar clustering
• Monster radio jet (>66 kpc) observed in quasar at z$\sim$5
• Cosmic reionization of hydrogen and helium: contribution from both mini-quasars and stars
• The role of scatter and satellites in shaping the large-scale clustering of X-ray AGN as a function of host galaxy stellar mass
• Physical Models for the Clustering of Obscured and Unobscured Quasars
• Scaling of the 1-halo terms with bias
• Estimating lifetimes of uv-selected massive galaxies at $0.5\le z\le 2.5$ in the cosmos/ultravista field through clustering analyses
• Ultraviolet background fluctuations with clustered sources
• Environments around quasars at $z\sim$3 revealed by wide-field imaging with Subaru HSC and CFHT
• Assessing the dark matter content of two quasar host galaxies at z~6 through gas kinematics
• A unique window into the Epoch of Reionisation: A double-peaked Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter in the proximity zone of a quasar at $z\sim 6.6$
• An estimate of the gravitational-wave background from the observed cosmological distribution of quasars
• MAMBO Observations at 240GHz of optically obscured Spitzer sources: source clumps and radio activity at high redshift
• The Diversity of Environments Around Luminous Quasars at Redshift $z\sim 6$
• Early Growth of Massive Black Holes in Quasars
• High-redshift AGN population in radiation-hydrodynamics simulations
• Mean Occupation Function of High Redshift Quasars from the Planck Cluster Catalog
• A first look at quasar-galaxy clustering at $z\simeq 7.3$
• Submillimeter galaxy overdensities around physically associated quasar pairs
• Heating by Acoustic Waves of Multiphase Media
• X-ray stacking reveals average SMBH accretion properties of star-forming galaxies and their cosmic evolution over 4 <~ z <~ 7
• Wide Field Multiband Imaging of Low Redshift Quasar Environments
• Dark matter halos of luminous AGNs from galaxy-galaxy lensing with the HSC Subaru Strategic Program
• Photometric Objects Around Cosmic Webs (PAC). VI. High Satellite Fraction of Quasars
• The clustering of simulated quasars
• Quasar clustering at redshift 6
• Revisiting secondary CMB distortions due to kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect from quasar bubbles before reionization
• The miniJPAS survey quasar selection I: Mock catalogues for classification
• Gravitational Torques from a Lopsided Young Stellar Component Sustain High Black Hole Accretion Rates in NGC 4593