Synchronized Co-evolution between Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies Over the Last Seven Billion Years as Revealed by the Hyper Suprime-Cam

Abstract

We measure the evolution of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\ast }$ relation using 584 uniformly-selected SDSS quasars at $0.2<z<0.8$. The black-hole masses ($M_{\mathrm{BH}}$) are derived from the single-epoch virial mass estimator using the H$\beta$ emission line, and span the range $7.0<\log M_{\mathrm{BH}}/M_{\odot }<9.5$. The host-galaxy stellar masses ($M_{\ast }$), which cover the interval $10.0<\log M_{\ast }/M_{\odot }<11.5$, are determined by performing two-dimensional quasar-host decomposition of the Hyper Suprime-Cam images and spectral energy distribution fitting. To quantify sample-selection biases and measurement uncertainties on the mass terms, a mock quasar sample is constructed to jointly constrain the redshift evolution of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\ast }$ relation and its intrinsic scatter (${\sigma }_{\mu }$) through forward modeling. We find that the level of evolution is degenerate with ${\sigma }_{\mu }$, such that both positive mild evolution (i.e, $M_{\mathrm{BH}}/M_{\ast }$ increases with redshift) with a small ${\sigma }_{\mu }$, and negative mild evolution with a larger ${\sigma }_{\mu }$ are consistent with our data. The posterior distribution of ${\sigma }_{\mu }$ enables us to put a strong constraint on the intrinsic scatter of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\ast }$ relation, which has a best inference of $0.25_{-0.04}^{+0.03}$ dex, consistent with the local value. The redshift evolution of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\ast }$ relation relative to the local relation is constrained to be $(1+z{)}^{0.12_{-0.27}^{+0.28}}$, in agreement with no significant evolution since $z\sim 0.8$. The tight and non-evolving $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\ast }$ relation is suggestive of a coupling through AGN feedback or/and a common gas supply at work, thus restricting the mass ratio of galaxies and their black holes to a limited range. Given the considerable stellar disk component, the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}-M_{\mathrm{bulge}}$ relation may evolve as previously seen at higher redshifts.

17 pages, 6 figures, accepted by ApJ

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