The Stellar Mass - Black Hole Mass Relation at $z\sim 2$ Down to ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim 10^7{M}_{\odot }$ Determined by HETDEX

Abstract

We investigate the stellar mass - black hole mass (${\mathcal{M}}_{\ast }-{\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$) relation with type 1 AGN down to ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}=10^7{M}_{\odot }$, corresponding to a $\simeq -21$ absolute magnitude in rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), at $z=2-2.5$. Exploiting the deep and large-area spectroscopic survey of the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX), we identify 66 type 1 AGN with ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ ranging from $10^7$ to $10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ that are measured with single-epoch virial method using C{\sc iv} emission lines detected in the HETDEX spectra. ${\mathcal{M}}_{\ast }$ of the host galaxies are estimated from optical to near-infrared photometric data taken with Spitzer, WISE, and ground-based 4-8m class telescopes by CIGALE SED fitting. We further assess the validity of SED fitting in two cases by host-nuclear decomposition performed through surface brightness profile fitting on spatially-resolved host galaxies with JWST/NIRCam CEERS data. We obtain the ${\mathcal{M}}_{\ast }-{\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ relation covering the unexplored low-mass ranges of ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim 10^7-10^8{M}_{\odot }$, and conduct forward modelling to fully account for the selection biases and observational uncertainties. The intrinsic ${\mathcal{M}}_{\ast }-{\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ relation at $z\sim 2$ has a moderate positive offset of $0.52\pm 0.14$~dex from the local relation, suggestive of more efficient black hole growth at higher redshift even in the low-mass regime of ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim 10^7-10^8{M}_{\odot }$. Our ${\mathcal{M}}_{\ast }-{\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ relation is inconsistent with the ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}$ suppression at the low-${\mathcal{M}}_{\ast }$ regime predicted by recent hydrodynamic simulations at a $98\%$ confidence level, suggesting that feedback in the low-mass systems may be weaker than those produced in hydrodynamic simulations.

arXiv comment16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

References in corpus (75)

• Astropy: A Community Python Package for Astronomy
• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): Mission Description and Initial On-orbit Performance
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• Simulating the joint evolution of quasars, galaxies and their large-scale distribution
• Coevolution (Or Not) of Supermassive Black Holes and Host Galaxies
• The Demography of Massive Dark Objects in Galaxy Centres
• A Relationship Between Nuclear Black Hole Mass and Galaxy Velocity Dispersion
• Detailed Structural Decomposition of Galaxy Images
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• On the Black Hole Mass - Bulge Mass Relation
• A Cosmological Framework for the Co-Evolution of Quasars, Supermassive Black Holes, and Elliptical Galaxies: I. Galaxy Mergers & Quasar Activity
• Some Aspects of Measurement Error in Linear Regression of Astronomical Data
• CIGALE: a python Code Investigating GALaxy Emission
• Determining Central Black Hole Masses in Distant Active Galaxies and Quasars. II. Improved Optical and UV Scaling Relationships
• Simulating galaxy formation with black hole driven thermal and kinetic feedback
• Simba: Cosmological Simulations with Black Hole Growth and Feedback
• The Hyper Suprime-Cam SSP Survey: Overview and Survey Design
• The SDSS Quasar Survey: Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release Three
• Relations Between Central Black Hole Mass and Total Galaxy Stellar Mass in the Local Universe
• The Illustris simulation: the evolving population of black holes across cosmic time
• Revisiting the Infrared Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei with a New Torus Emission Model
• A Comprehensive Study on Galaxies at z~9-16 Found in the Early JWST Data: UV Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star-Formation History at the Pre-Reionization Epoch
• CEERS Key Paper I: An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST
• The Hyper Suprime-Cam Software Pipeline
• Supermassive black holes and their feedback effects in the IllustrisTNG simulation
• A Two-Parameter Model for the Infrared/Submillimeter/Radio Spectral Energy Distributions of Galaxies and AGN
• On the cosmic evolution of the scaling relations between black holes and their host galaxies: Broad Line AGN in the zCOSMOS survey
• Third Data Release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
• The non-causal origin of the black hole-galaxy scaling relations
• Rest-frame ultraviolet-to-optical spectral characteristics of extremely metal-poor and metal-free galaxies
• The dark nemesis of galaxy formation: why hot haloes trigger black hole growth and bring star formation to an end
• Comparing Single-Epoch Virial Black Hole Mass Estimators for Luminous Quasars
• The cosmic evolution of massive black holes in the Horizon-AGN simulation
• The Formation of Massive, Compact Galaxies at z=2 in the Illustris Simulation
• CEERS Epoch 1 NIRCam Imaging: Reduction Methods and Simulations Enabling Early JWST Science Results
• Black Holes on FIRE: Stellar Feedback Limits Early Feeding of Galactic Nuclei
• Constraining the properties of AGN host galaxies with Spectral Energy Distribution modeling
• Black hole evolution: I. Supernova-regulated black hole growth
• Spectral properties of quasars from Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 14: The catalog
• CANDELS Multiwavelength Catalogs: Source Identification and Photometry in the CANDELS Extended Groth Strip
• The mass relations between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies at 1<z<2 with HST-WFC3
• The Relation between Black Hole Mass and Host Spheroid Stellar Mass out to z~2
• X-rays across the galaxy population - II. The distribution of AGN accretion rates as a function of stellar mass and redshift
• Supermassive black holes in cosmological simulations I: M_BH-M_star relation and black hole mass function
• The HETDEX Instrumentation: Hobby-Eberly Telescope Wide Field Upgrade and VIRUS
• Colour corrections for high redshift objects due to intergalactic attenuation
• Do the Most Massive Black Holes at $z=2$ Grow via Major Mergers?
• Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. IV. The BH Mass - Spheroid Luminosity Relation
• The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) Survey Design, Reductions, and Detections
• The black hole - bulge mass relation of Active Galactic Nuclei in the Extended Chandra Deep Field - South Survey
• On the evolution of the intrinsic scatter in black hole versus galaxy mass relations
• The cosmic growth of the active black hole population at 1<z<2 in zCOSMOS, VVDS and SDSS
• Linking black-hole growth with host galaxies: The accretion-stellar mass relation and its cosmic evolution
• Black Hole and Galaxy Coevolution from Continuity Equation and Abundance Matching
• CANDELS: Elevated Black Hole Growth in the Progenitors of Compact Quiescent Galaxies at z~2
• Black Hole -- Galaxy Correlations in Simba
• Evolution in the Black Hole - Galaxy Scaling Relations and the Duty Cycle of Nuclear Activity in Star-Forming Galaxies
• Linking galaxy structural properties and star formation activity to black hole activity with IllustrisTNG
• The Spitzer-HETDEX Exploratory Large-Area Survey
• Revealing Hidden Substructures in the $M_{BH}$-$\sigma$ Diagram, and Refining the Bend in the $L$-$\sigma$ Relation
• The shape of broad-line profiles in AGN
• Trinity I: Self-Consistently Modeling the Dark Matter Halo-Galaxy-Supermassive Black Hole Connection from $z=0-10$
• Exploring AGN and Star Formation Activity of Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• Extending the Calibration of CIV-Based Single-Epoch Black Hole Mass Estimators for Active Galactic Nuclei
• Synchronized Co-evolution between Supermassive Black Holes and Galaxies Over the Last Seven Billion Years as Revealed by the Hyper Suprime-Cam
• Revealing the relation between black-hole growth and host-galaxy compactness among star-forming galaxies
• Stellar Populations of UV-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei Host Galaxies at z ~ 2 - 3
• First HETDEX Spectroscopic Determinations of Ly$\alpha$ and UV Luminosity Functions at $z=2-3$: Bridging a Gap Between Faint AGN and Bright Galaxies
• The NEWFIRM HETDEX Survey: Photometric Catalog and a Conservative Sample of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z=3-5 over 17.5 deg^2 in the SHELA Field
• VICS82: the VISTA-CFHT Stripe 82 near-infrared survey
• The Active Galactic Nuclei in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX) I. Sample selection
• The Relative Growth of Black Holes and of the Stellar Components of Galaxies
• The Active Galactic Nuclei in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment Survey (HETDEX) II. Luminosity Function

Cited by in corpus (7)

• No evidence for a significant evolution of $M_{\bullet }$-$M_{\ast }$ relation in massive galaxies up to z$\sim$4
• HYPERION. Coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies at $z>6$ and the build-up of massive galaxies
• The Impact of Black Hole Scaling Relation Assumptions on the Mass Density of Black Holes
• Inferring Mbh-Mbulge Evolution from the Gravitational Wave Background
• Black hole mass of a quiescent galaxy hosting a Type 1 AGN at z=2.09: Implications for black hole - galaxy co-evolution and AGN quenching at high redshift
• The Structure and Evolution of LRDs: Insights from JWST NIRSpec Medium and High Resolution Spectroscopy at $z\sim 4$
• Gravitational Wave Measurement of the $M_{\mathrm{BH}}$-$M_{\mathrm{bulge}}$ Intrinsic Scatter at High Redshift