HYPERION. Coevolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies at $z>6$ and the build-up of massive galaxies

Abstract

We used low- to high-frequency ALMA observations to investigate the cold gas and dust in ten QSOs at $z\gtrsim 6$. Our analysis of the CO(6-5) and CO(7-6) emission lines in the selected QSOs provided insights into their molecular gas masses, which average around $10^{10}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, consistent with typical values for high-redshift QSOs. Proprietary and archival ALMA observations in bands 8 and 9 enabled precise constraints on the dust properties and star formation rate (SFR) of four QSOs in our sample for the first time. The examination of the redshift distribution of dust temperatures revealed a general trend of increasing $T_{\mathrm{dust}}$ with redshift, which agrees with theoretical expectations. We computed a mean cold dust spectral energy distribution considering all ten QSOs. This offers a comprehensive view of the dust properties of high-$z$ QSOs. The QSOs marked by a more intense growth of the supermassive black hole (HYPERION QSOs) showed lower dust masses and higher gas-to-dust ratios on average, but their ${\mathrm{H}}_2$ gas reservoirs are consistent with those of other QSOs at the same redshift. The observed high SFR in our sample yields high SF efficiencies and thus very short gas depletion timescales (${\tau }_{\mathrm{dep}}\sim 10^{-2}$ Gyr). Beyond supporting the paradigm that high-$z$ QSOs reside in highly star-forming galaxies, our findings portrayed an interesting evolutionary path at $z>6$. Our study suggests that they are undergoing rapid galaxy growth that might be regulated by strong outflows. Their inferred evolutionary path shows a convergence toward the massive end of the local relation, which supports the idea that they are candidate progenitors of local massive galaxies. The observed pathway involves intense BH growth followed by substantial galaxy growth, in contrast with a symbiotic growth scenario. The abstract has been shortened (full version in the article).

29 pages; 6 tables; 18 figures. Accepted by A&A. A section about SF efficiency has been added compared to the previous version

References in corpus (97)

• The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package
• A luminous quasar at a redshift of z = 7.085
• A Highly Consistent Framework for the Evolution of the Star-Forming "Main Sequence" from z~0-6
• CASA, the Common Astronomy Software Applications for Radio Astronomy
• Dust Masses, PAH Abundances, and Starlight Intensities in the SINGS Galaxy Sample
• An ultra-luminous quasar with a twelve-billion-solar-mass black hole at redshift 6.30
• xCOLD GASS: the complete IRAM-30m legacy survey of molecular gas for galaxy evolution studies
• A Luminous Quasar at Redshift 7.642
• COLD GASS, an IRAM Legacy Survey of Molecular Gas in Massive Galaxies: II. The non-universality of the Molecular Gas Depletion Timescale
• 350 Micron Dust Emission from High Redshift Quasars
• The Final SDSS High-Redshift Quasar Sample of 52 Quasars at z>5.7
• Dust in the reionization era: ALMA observations of a $z$=8.38 Galaxy
• Physical properties of 15 quasars at $z\gtrsim 6.5$
• GA-NIFS: A massive black hole in a low-metallicity AGN at $z\sim 5.55$ revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• Highly-excited CO emission in APM08279+5255 at z=3.9
• Rapidly star-forming galaxies adjacent to quasars at redshifts exceeding 6
• JWST CEERS & JADES Active Galaxies at z = 4-7 Violate the Local $M_{\bullet }-M_{\star }$ Relation at $>3\sigma$: Implications for Low-Mass Black Holes and Seeding Models
• Dust temperature and mid-to-total infrared color distributions for star-forming galaxies at 0<z<4
• Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey: Selection and Characterization of Luminous Interstellar Medium Reservoirs in the z>6.5 Universe
• Very extended cold gas, star formation and outflows in the halo of a bright QSO at z>6
• A Survey of z~6 Quasars in the SDSS Deep Stripe: I. a Flux-Limited Sample at z_{AB}<21
• Tracing the total molecular gas in galaxies: [CII] and the CO-dark gas
• The identification of z-dropouts in Pan-STARRS1: three quasars at 6.5<z<6.7
• Kiloparsec-scale ALMA Imaging of [CII] and Dust Continuum Emission of 27 Quasar Host Galaxies at z~6
• Star formation rate and dynamical mass of 10^8 solar mass black hole host galaxies at redshift 6
• The REBELS ALMA Survey: cosmic dust temperature evolution out to z $\sim$ 7
• ALMA Observations Show Major Mergers Among the Host Galaxies of Fast-growing, High-redshift Supermassive Black Holes
• Detection of stellar light from quasar host galaxies at redshifts above 6
• Probing the Evolution of IR Properties of z~6 Quasars: Spitzer Observations
• The Kinematics of z ~ 6 Quasar Host Galaxies
• The compact, ~1 kpc host galaxy of a quasar at z=7.1
• Are high redshift Galaxies hot? - Temperature of z > 5 Galaxies and Implications on their Dust Properties
• The Subaru high-z quasar survey: discovery of faint z~6 quasars
• Three new VHS-DES Quasars at 6.7 < z < 6.9 and Emission Line Properties at z > 6.5
• The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
• EIGER V. Characterizing the Host Galaxies of Luminous Quasars at $z\gtrsim 6$
• An ALMA/NOEMA survey of the molecular gas properties of high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• The low-end of the black hole mass function at cosmic dawn
• Imaging the Molecular Gas in a z=3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0.3" Resolution: A Central, Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255
• ALMA Characterises the Dust Temperature of z ~ 5.5 Star-Forming Galaxies
• A wide dispersion in star formation rate and dynamical mass of 10^8 solar mass black hole host galaxies at redshift 6
• AGN Feedback and Star Formation of Quasar Host Galaxies: Insights from the Molecular Gas
• Dual constraints with ALMA: new [O III] 88 $\mu$m and dust-continuum observations reveal the ISM conditions of luminous LBGs at $z\sim 7$
• LLAMA: Normal star formation efficiencies of molecular gas in the centres of luminous Seyfert galaxies
• BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey-XX: Molecular Gas in Nearby Hard X-ray Selected AGN Galaxies
• The WISSH quasars Project: II. Giant star nurseries in hyper-luminous quasars
• XQR-30: the ultimate XSHOOTER quasar sample at the reionization epoch
• Early results from GLASS-JWST. XI: Stellar masses and mass-to-light ratio of z>7 galaxies
• Accurate dust temperature determination in a $z=7.13$ galaxy
• CO line emission from galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): A First Look at the Rest-frame Optical Spectra of $z>6.5$ Quasars Using JWST
• Widespread, strong outflows in XQR-30 quasars at the Reionisation epoch
• An ALMA survey of submillimetre galaxies in the COSMOS field: Physical properties derived from energy balance spectral energy distribution modelling
• The WISSH QSOs project IX. Cold gas content and environment of luminous QSOs at z~2.4-4.7
• Spatially Resolved Interstellar Medium and Highly-Excited Dense Molecular Gas in the Most Luminous Quasar at z=6.327
• First CO(17-16) emission line detected in a z > 6 quasar
• Modeling the Dust Properties of z ~ 6 Quasars with ART^2 -- All-wavelength Radiative Transfer with Adaptive Refinement Tree
• Gas dynamics of a luminous $z$ = 6.13 quasar ULAS J1319$+$0950 revealed by ALMA high resolution observations
• An ALMA multi-line survey of the ISM in two quasar host-companion galaxy pairs at $z>6$
• The Redshift Evolution of the $M_{\bullet }-M_{\star }$ Relation for JWST's Supermassive Black Holes at $z>4$
• Near-Infrared Imaging of a z=6.42 Quasar Host Galaxy With the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3
• ALMA 200 pc imaging of a z~7 quasar reveals a compact, disk-like host galaxy
• Measurements of the dust properties in z~1-3 SMGs with ALMA
• XQR-30: Black Hole Masses and Accretion Rates of 42 z>6 Quasars
• EIGER III. JWST/NIRCam observations of the ultra-luminous high-redshift quasar J0100+2802
• Molecular gas in z~6 quasar host galaxies
• An empirical study of dust properties at the earliest epochs
• An ALMA CO(2-1) Survey of Nearby Palomar-Green Quasars
• Rapid growth of seed black holes during early bulge formation
• Constraining dust formation in high-redshift young galaxies
• Star Formation and ISM Properties in Host Galaxies of Three Far-infrared Luminous Quasars at $z\sim 6$
• Infrared emission of $z\sim 6$ galaxies: AGN imprints
• HYPerluminous quasars at the Epoch of ReionizatION (HYPERION). A new regime for the X-ray nuclear properties of the first quasars
• Probing the full CO spectral line energy distribution (SLED) in the nuclear region of a quasar-starburst system at $z=6.003$
• The dust mass function from z~0 to z~2
• Supercritical growth pathway to overmassive black holes at cosmic dawn: coevolution with massive quasar hosts
• Limits to Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Emission From Far-Infrared-Luminous z~6 Quasar Hosts
• Spatially resolved dust properties and quasar-galaxy decomposition of a HyLIRG at z = 4.4
• X-ray properties of z>6.5 quasars
• The interstellar medium distribution, gas kinematics, and system dynamics of the far-infrared luminous quasar SDSS J2310+1855 at $z=6.0$
• A comprehensive view of the interstellar medium in a quasar host galaxy at z~6.4
• Constraining the ISM properties of the Cloverleaf quasar host galaxy with Herschel spectroscopy
• The Bright Extragalactic ALMA Redshift Survey (BEARS) II: Millimetre photometry of gravitational lens candidates
• The evolution of the SFR and Sigma-SFR of galaxies in cosmic morning (4 < z < 10)
• An ALMA Spectroscopic Survey of the Brightest Submillimeter Galaxies in the SCUBA-2-COSMOS Field (AS2COSPEC): Physical Properties of z=2-5 Ultra- and Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Molecular Gas Inflows and Outflows in Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies at $z\sim 0.2$ and one QSO at $z=6.1$
• Super-Eddington mass growth of intermediate-mass black holes embedded in dusty circumnuclear disks
• The black hole and host galaxy growth in an isolated $z\sim 6$ QSO observed with ALMA
• Accurate dust temperature and star formation rate in the most luminous $z>6$ quasar in the HYPerluminous quasars at the Epoch of ReionizatION (HYPERION) sample
• TRINITY II: The Luminosity-dependent Bias of the Supermassive Black Hole Mass--Galaxy Mass Relation for Bright Quasars at $z=6$
• The $z\lesssim 1$ drop of cosmic dust abundance in a semi-analytic framework
• The Stellar Mass - Black Hole Mass Relation at $z\sim 2$ Down to ${\mathcal{M}}_{\mathrm{BH}}\sim 10^7{M}_{\odot }$ Determined by HETDEX
• Molecular Outflows in z > 6 QSO Hosts Driven by Star Formation
• Dust Properties of 870 Micron Selected Galaxies in the GOODS-S
• Is the star formation rate in $z\sim 6$ quasars overestimated?
• Star formation efficiency and AGN feedback in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies with fast X-ray nuclear winds
• Dynamical signature of a stellar bulge in a quasar host galaxy at $z\simeq 6$

Cited by in corpus (8)

• Spatially resolved emission lines in galaxies at $4\le z<10$ from the JADES survey: evidence for enhanced central star formation
• Molecular gas and dust properties in $z>7$ quasar hosts
• Detailed Study of Stars and Gas in a z = 8.3 Massive Merger with Extreme Dust Conditions
• Detection of the [O I] 63 $\mu$m emission line from the $z=6.04$ quasar J2054-0005
• The [NII] 205 $\mu$m line emission from high-z SMGs and QSOs
• ALMA survey of a massive node of the Cosmic Web at $z\sim 3$. II. A dynamically cold and massive disk galaxy in the proximity of a hyperluminous quasar
• Multi-phase investigation of outflows in the circumgalactic and interstellar media of luminous quasars at z~5
• High$-z$ [OI] emission lines: ColdSIM simulations and ALMA observations