xCOLD GASS: the complete IRAM-30m legacy survey of molecular gas for galaxy evolution studies

Abstract

We introduce xCOLD GASS, a legacy survey providing a census of molecular gas in the local Universe. Building upon the original COLD GASS survey, we present here the full sample of 532 galaxies with CO(1-0) measurements from the IRAM-30m telescope. The sample is mass-selected in the redshift interval $0.01<z<0.05$ from SDSS, and therefore representative of the local galaxy population with M${}_{\ast }>10^9$M${}_{\odot }$. The CO(1-0) flux measurements are complemented by observations of the CO(2-1) line with both the IRAM-30m and APEX telescopes, HI observations from Arecibo, and photometry from SDSS, WISE and GALEX. Combining the IRAM and APEX data, we find that the CO(2-1) to CO(1-0) luminosity ratio for integrated measurements is $r_{21}=0.79\pm 0.03$, with no systematic variations across the sample. The CO(1-0) luminosity function is constructed and best fit with a Schechter function with parameters {$L_{\mathrm{CO}}^{\ast }=(7.77\pm 2.11)\times 10^9\mathrm{K}\mathrm{km}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}\mathrm{p}{\mathrm{c}}^2$, ${\varphi }^{\ast }=(9.84\pm 5.41)\times 10^{-4}\mathrm{Mp}{\mathrm{c}}^{-3}$ and $\alpha =-1.19\pm 0.05$}. With the sample now complete down to stellar masses of $10^9$M${}_{\odot }$, we are able to extend our study of gas scaling relations and confirm that both molecular gas fraction and depletion timescale vary with specific star formation rate (or offset from the star-formation main sequence) much more strongly than they depend on stellar mass. Comparing the xCOLD GASS results with outputs from hydrodynamic and semi-analytic models, we highlight the constraining power of cold gas scaling relations on models of galaxy formation.

24 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS. The full xCOLD GASS survey data products are available at http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/xCOLDGASS/

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• A path towards constraining the evolution of the interstellar medium and outflows in the Milky Way using APOGEE
• MASCOT: Molecular gas depletion times and metallicity gradients -- evidence for feedback in quenching active galaxies
• Does the lockstep growth between black holes and bulges create their mass relation?
• Predicting HCN, HCO${}^{+}$, multi-transition CO, and dust emission of star-forming galaxies -- Extension to luminous infrared galaxies and the role of cosmic ray ionization
• Ultra-strong MgII absorbers trace both inflowing and outflowing gas: insights from dual down-the-barrel and quasar sightlines
• Vz-GAL: Probing Cold Molecular Gas in Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at z=1-6
• A Full Accounting of the Visible Mass in SDSS MaNGA Disk Galaxies
• Bright [CII]158$\mu$m Streamers as a Beacon for Giant Galaxy Formation in SPT2349$-$56 at $z=4.3$
• CO-CHANGES II: spatially resolved IRAM 30M CO line observations of 23 nearby edge-on spiral galaxies
• Measuring the gas reservoirs in $10^8<$ M${}_{\star }<10^{11}$ M${}_{\odot }$ galaxies at $1\le z\le 3$
• The link between galaxy structure properties and star formation in local galaxies
• The cold gas and dust properties of red star-forming galaxies
• MASCOT -- An ESO-ARO legacy survey of molecular gas in nearby SDSS-MaNGA galaxies: I. first data release, and global and resolved relations between H_2 and stellar content
• Constraining galactic baryon cycle using the galaxy stellar-to-halo mass relations
• ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: average dust, gas, and star formation properties of cluster and field galaxies from stacking analysis
• MUSE-ALMA Haloes XIII. Molecular gas in $z\sim 0.5$ HI-selected galaxies
• Evolution and star formation history of NGC300 from a chemical evolution model with radial gas inflows
• Molecular gas budget of strongly magnified low-mass star-forming galaxies at cosmic noon
• Measuring the HI content of individual galaxies out to the epoch of reionization with [CII]
• The Molecular and Atomic Hydrogen Gas Content of the Boötes Void galaxy CG 910
• Characterizing CO Emitters in the SSA22-AzTEC26 Field
• CHILES X: Molecular and atomic gas at intermediate redshift
• Abundant Molecular Gas in the Central Region of Lenticular Galaxy PGC 39535
• The extension of the Fundamental Metallicity Relation beyond the BPT star-forming sequence: evidence for both gas accretion and starvation
• Physical Characterization of Serendipitously Uncovered Millimeter-wave Line-emitting Galaxies at z~2.5 behind the Local Luminous Infrared Galaxy VV114
• ESO 137-002: a large spiral undergoing edge-on ram-pressure stripping with little star formation in the tail
• Implications for galaxy property estimation revealed by CO luminosity-FWHM relations in local star-forming galaxies
• NeutralUniverseMachine: Predictions of HI gas in Different Theoretical Models
• Spatially resolved stellar-to-total dynamical mass relation: Radial variations, gradients and profiles of galaxy stellar populations
• EMBERS I: Low redshift post-starburst galaxies are frequently depleted in molecular gas relative to star forming progenitors
• Resolved molecular gas and star-formation in massive unquenched spirals : I. UGC 8179
• Higher resolution optical spectra of $M_{\ast }<10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$ galaxies reveal outflow signatures unresolved by the SDSS
• A machine learning approach to estimating HI deficiency in galaxies
• Radar-Chart Analysis of Star-Formation Quenching Stages Across Circular Velocity Curve Classes in Nearby CALIFA Galaxies
• Black Hole-Galaxy Correlations in Cluster Zoomed-in Simulations: GIZMO-SIMBA and TNG-Cluster
• The Baryon Budget of Galaxies across the First Billion Years
• Toward Understanding the Evolutionary Role of Star-forming Lenticular Galaxies: New HI Detections and Comparison with Quiescent S0s and Red Spirals
• Comparison of Global HI and H$\alpha$ Line Profiles in MaNGA Galaxy Pairs with FAST
• Recent Developments on the HI Gas of Low-Redshift Galaxies Seen by the 21cm Emission Lines
• On the quenching of star formation in observed and simulated central galaxies: Evidence for the role of integrated AGN feedback