What is Important? Morphological Asymmetries are Useful Predictors of Star Formation Rates of Star-forming Galaxies in SDSS Stripe 82

Abstract

Morphology and structure of galaxies reflect their star formation and assembly histories. We use the framework of mutual information ($\mathrm{MI}$) to quantify interdependence among several structural variables and to rank them according to their relevance for predicting specific star formation rate (SSFR) by comparing the $\mathrm{MI}$ of the predictor variables with SSFR and penalizing variables that are redundant. We apply this framework to study $\sim 3,700$ face-on star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with varying degrees of bulge dominance and central concentration and with stellar mass $M_{\star }\approx 10^9{M}_{\odot }-5\times 10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$ at redshift $z=0.02-0.12$. We use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 deep $i$-band imaging data, which improve measurements of asymmetry and bulge dominance indicators. We find that star-forming galaxies are a multi-parameter family. In addition to $M_{\star }$, asymmetry emerges as the most powerful predictor of SSFR residuals of SFGs, followed by bulge prominence/concentration. Star-forming galaxies with higher asymmetry and stronger bulges have higher SSFR at a given $M_{\star }$. The asymmetry reflects both irregular spiral arms and lopsidedness in seemingly isolated SFGs and structural perturbations by galaxy interactions or mergers.

28 pages, 14 figures, accepted by ApJ

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