A panchromatic spatially resolved analysis of nearby galaxies -- II. The main sequence - gas relation at sub-kpc scale in grand-design spirals

Abstract

In the second work of this series, we analyse the connection between the availability of gas and the position of a region with respect to the spatially resolved main sequence (MS) relation. Following the procedure presented in Paper I we obtain 500pc scales estimates of stellar mass and star formation rate surface densities (${\Sigma }_{\star }$ and ${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{SFR}}$). Our sample consists of five face-on, grand design spiral galaxies located on the MS. Thanks to HI 21cm and ${}^{12}$CO(2-1) maps, we connect the gas surface densities and gas fractions to the observed star formation properties of each region. We find that the spatially resolved MS ($\sigma =0.23$ dex) is the combination of two relations: the Kennicutt-Schmidt law ($\sigma =0.19$ dex) and the molecular gas MS (MGMS, $\sigma =0.22$ dex); ${\Sigma }_{\star }$, ${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{SFR}}$ and the surface density of the molecular gas, ${\Sigma }_{{\mathrm{H}}_2}$, define a 3D relation as proposed by \citet{2019ApJ...884L..33L}. We find that ${\Sigma }_{{\mathrm{H}}_2}$ steadily increases along the MS relation, varies little towards higher ${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{SFR}}$ at fixed stellar surface densities (not enough to sustain the change in SFR), and it is almost constant perpendicular to the relation. The surface density of neutral gas (${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{HI}}$) is constant along the MS, and increases in its upper envelop. ${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{SFR}}$ can be expressed as a function of ${\Sigma }_{\star }$ and ${\Sigma }_{\mathrm{HI}}$, following the Equation: $\log {\Sigma }_{\mathrm{SFR}}$ = 0.97$\log {\Sigma }_{\star }$ + 1.99$\log {\Sigma }_{\mathrm{HI}}$ - 11.11. Finally, we show that f${}_{\mathrm{gas}}$ increases significantly towards the starburst region in the $\log {\Sigma }_{\star }$ - $\log {\Sigma }_{\mathrm{SFR}}$ plane, accompanied by a slight increase in SFE.

arXiv commentAccepted for publications on MNRAS

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