The Asymmetry of Galaxies: Physical Morphology for Nearby and High Redshift Galaxies

Abstract

We present a detailed study of rotational asymmetry in galaxies for both morphological and physical diagnostic purposes. An unambiguous method for computing asymmetry is developed, robust for both distant and nearby galaxies. By degrading real galaxy images, we test the reliability of this asymmetry measure over a range of observational conditions, e.g. spatial resolution and signal-to-noise (S/N). Compared to previous methods, this new algorithm avoids the ambiguity associated with choosing a center by using a minimization method, and successfully corrects for variations in S/N. There is, however, a strong relationship between the rotational asymmetry and physical resolution (distance at fixed spatial resolution); objects become more symmetric when less well-resolved. We further investigate asymmetry as a function of galactic radius an rotation. We find the asymmetry index has a strong radial dependence that differs vastly between Hubble types. As a result, a meaningful asymmetry index must be specified within a well-defined radius representative of the physical galaxy scale. We enumerate several viable alternatives, which excludes the use of isophotes. Asymmetry as a function of angle (A[phi]) is also a useful indicator of ellipticity and higher-order azimuthal structure. In general, we show the power of asymmetry as a morphological parameter lies in the strong correlation with (B-V) color for galaxies undergoing normal star formation, spanning all Hubble types from ellipticals to irregular galaxies. Interacting galaxies do not fall on this asymmetry-color ``fiducial sequence,'' as these galaxies are too asymmetric for their color. We propose to use this fact to distinguish between `normal' galaxies and galaxies undergoing an interaction or merger at high redshift.

Matches Feb 1 ApJ version; slightly revised figures 10,11,15, & 16. High-resolution figures available at http://www.astro.wisc.edu/~mab/preprints/asymm_apj_pre.ps

References in corpus (1)

• The Asymmetry of Galaxies: Physical Morphology for Nearby and High Redshift Galaxies

Cited by in corpus (377)

• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• The Co-Evolution of Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes: Insights from Surveys of the Contemporary Universe
• The Relationship Between Stellar Light Distributions of Galaxies and their Formation Histories
• A New Non-Parametric Approach to Galaxy Morphological Classification
• A Direct Measurement of Major Galaxy Mergers at z < 3
• The Asymmetry of Galaxies: Physical Morphology for Nearby and High Redshift Galaxies
• The Evolution of Galaxy Structure over Cosmic Time
• The optical morphologies of galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulation: a comparison to Pan-STARRS observations
• Galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: I. Detection, Multiband Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Morphology
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey II. Hubble Space Telescope Structural Parameters of Galaxies in the Groth Strip
• The Major and Minor Galaxy Merger Rates at z < 1.5
• Galaxy Merger Morphologies and Time-Scales from Simulations of Equal-Mass Gas-Rich Disc Mergers
• GEMS: Galaxy Evolution from Morphologies and SEDs
• The Morphology - Density Relation in z ~ 1 Clusters
• Improving galaxy morphologies for SDSS with Deep Learning
• Structural and Photometric Classification of Galaxies - I. Calibration Based on a Nearby Galaxy Sample
• The population of barred galaxies in the local universe I. Detection and characterisation of bars
• On the Nature of the NGC 1275 System
• A catalog of visual-like morphologies in the 5 CANDELS fields using deep-learning
• Ram Pressure Stripping in High-Density Environments
• History of Galaxy Interactions and their Impact on Star Formation over the Last 7 Gyr from GEMS
• Bar Evolution Over the Last Eight Billion Years: A Constant Fraction of Strong Bars in GEMS
• The Luminosity, Stellar Mass, and Number Density Evolution of Field Galaxies of Known Morphology from z = 0.5 - 3
• The Structures of Distant Galaxies I: Galaxy Structures and the Merger Rate to z~3 in the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field
• Introducing the NewHorizon simulation: Galaxy properties with resolved internal dynamics across cosmic time
• AGN Host Galaxy Morphologies in COSMOS
• The Fundamental Properties of Galaxies and a New Galaxy Classification System
• Near-IR and Optical Morphology of Spiral Galaxies
• Virgo cluster early-type dwarf galaxies with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. III. Subpopulations: distributions, shapes, origins
• Revisiting the Hubble sequence in the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample: a publicly available bayesian automated classification
• Early and Rapid Merging as a Formation Mechanism of Massive Galaxies: Empirical Constraints
• The Assembly of Diversity in the Morphologies and Stellar Populations of High-Redshift Galaxies
• Deep GALEX Imaging of the HST/COSMOS Field: A First Look at the Morphology of z~0.7 Star-forming Galaxies
• The Structures of Distant Galaxies - III: The Merger History of over 20,000 Massive Galaxies at z < 1.2
• The zCOSMOS Redshift Survey: the role of environment and stellar mass in shaping the rise of the morphology-density relation from z~1
• Morphologies of z~0.7 AGN Host Galaxies in CANDELS: No trend of merger incidence with AGN luminosity
• The Hubble Deep Field North SCUBA Super-map III - Optical and near-infrared properties of submillimetre galaxies
• Superdense Massive Galaxies in Wings Local Clusters
• Shape asymmetry: a morphological indicator for automatic detection of galaxies in the post-coalescence merger stages
• Polar Shapelets
• The Redshift and Mass Dependence on the Formation of The Hubble Sequence at z>1 from CANDELS/UDS
• An HST/WFC3-IR Morphological Survey of Galaxies at z = 1.5-3.6: I. Survey Description and Morphological Properties of Star Forming Galaxies
• The DEEP Groth Strip Survey X: Number Density and Luminosity Function of Field E/S0 Galaxies at z < 1
• A Multiwavelength Study of a Sample of 70 micron Selected Galaxies in the COSMOS Field II: The Role of Mergers in Galaxy Evolution
• Radial distribution of stars, gas and dust in SINGS galaxies. I. Surface photometry and morphology
• CEERS Key Paper III: The Diversity of Galaxy Structure and Morphology at z=3-9 with JWST
• The Physical Nature of Rest-UV Galaxy Morphology During the Peak Epoch of Galaxy Formation
• CANDELS Visual Classifications: Scheme, Data Release, and First Results
• Panic! At the Disks: First Rest-frame Optical Observations of Galaxy Structure at $z>3$ with JWST in the SMACS 0723 Field
• Optical to mid-IR observations of Lyman-alpha galaxies at redshift 5 in the HUDF: a young and low mass population
• The Millennium Galaxy Catalogue: The connection between close pairs and asymmetry; implications for the galaxy merger rate
• The Detailed Evolution of E+A Galaxies into Early Types
• Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters III. The Origin of Low-Mass Galaxies in Clusters: Constraints from Stellar Populations
• Host galaxies of luminous z$\sim$0.6 quasars: Major mergers are not prevalent at the highest AGN luminosities
• A robust morphological classification of high-redshift galaxies using support vector machines on seeing limited images. I Method description
• Effect of galaxy mergers on star formation rates
• The CFHTLS Deep Catalog of Interacting Galaxies I. Merger Rate Evolution to z=1.2
• Evidence for a Major Merger Origin of High Redshift Sub-millimeter Galaxies
• The Properties and Evolution of a K-band Selected Sample of Massive Galaxies at z~0.4 - 2 in the Palomar/DEEP2 Survey
• The evolution of spiral, S0 and elliptical galaxies in clusters
• Interactions, star formation and AGN activity
• Hubble Space Telescope images of submillimeter sources: large, irregular galaxies at high redshift
• The Role of Galaxy Interactions and Mergers in Star Formation at z<1.3: Mid-Infrared Properties in the Spitzer First Look Survey
• The evolution of the galaxy B-band rest-frame morphology to z~2: new clues from the K20/GOODS sample
• Deconstructing the Galaxy Stellar Mass Function with UKIDSS and CANDELS: the Impact of Colour, Structure and Environment
• Observing the Formation of the Hubble Sequence in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
• AEGIS: The Morphologies of Green Galaxies at 0.4<z<1.2
• The Westerbork HI Survey of Spiral and Irregular Galaxies II. R-Band Surface Photometry of Late-type Dwarf Galaxies
• Metal Abundances of KISS Galaxies III. Nebular Abundances for Fourteen Galaxies and the Luminosity-Metallicity Relationship for HII Galaxies
• The role of AGN in the colour transformation of galaxies at redshifts z~1
• Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): Refining the Local Galaxy Merger Rate using Morphological Information
• A Close Comparison between Observed and Modeled Lyα Lines for z ~ 2.2 Lyman Alpha Emitters
• The host galaxies and explosion sites of long-duration gamma ray bursts: Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared imaging
• Lopsided Spiral Galaxies
• Cosmic evolution of the galaxy mass and luminosity functions by morphological type from multi-wavelength data in the CDF-South
• DYNAMO-HST Survey: Clumps in Nearby Massive Turbulent Disks and the Effects of Clump Clustering on Kiloparsec Scale Measurements of Clumps
• Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters II: Defining Cluster Populations
• Morpheus: A Deep Learning Framework For Pixel-Level Analysis of Astronomical Image Data
• The Evolution of the Field and Cluster Morphology-Density Relation for Mass-Selected Samples of Galaxies
• The relation between stellar populations, structure and environment for dwarf elliptical galaxies from the MAGPOP-ITP
• New Image Statistics for Detecting Disturbed Galaxy Morphologies at High Redshift
• Non-parametric analysis of the rest-frame UV sizes and morphological disturbance amongst L* galaxies at 4<z<8
• The Origin of the Intrinsic Scatter in the Relation Between Black Hole Mass and Bulge Luminosity for Nearby Active Galaxies
• Deep Learning Identifies High-z Galaxies in a Central Blue Nugget Phase in a Characteristic Mass Range
• An HST/WFC3-IR Morphological Survey of Galaxies at z = 1.5-3.6: II. The Relation between Morphology and Gas-Phase Kinematics
• Tidal dwarf galaxies in the nearby Universe
• Identifying Galaxy Mergers in Observations and Simulations with Deep Learning
• Probing the merger history of red early-type galaxies with their faint stellar substructures
• Morphologies of local Lyman break galaxy analogs II: A Comparison with galaxies at z=2-4 in ACS and WFC3 images of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Dependence of Galaxy Structure on Rest-frame Wavelength and Galaxy Type
• CANDELS: The correlation between galaxy morphology and star formation activity at z~2
• Radial Gas Flows in Colliding Galaxies: Connecting Simulations and Observations
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey. IX. Evolution of galaxy merger fraction since z~6
• Galaxy Populations and Evolution in Clusters IV: Deep HI Observations of Dwarf Ellipticals in the Virgo Cluster
• Gamma-Ray Burst Selected High Redshift Galaxies: Comparison to Field Galaxy Populations to z~3
• Galaxy luminosity function per morphological type up to z=1.2
• Evolution of field early-type galaxies: The view from GOODS/CDFS
• The Galaxy Major Merger Fraction to z ~ 1
• The Internal Ultraviolet-to-Optical Color Dispersion: Quantifying the Morphological K-Correction
• Preparing for low surface brightness science with the Vera C. Rubin Observatory: characterisation of tidal features from mock images
• The Measurement of Disk Ellipticity in Nearby Spiral Galaxies
• The role of mergers and interactions in driving the evolution of dwarf galaxies over cosmic time
• Is the Gini coefficient a stable measure of galaxy structure?
• The Morphological Evolution of Galaxies
• X-ray Properties of Lyman Break Galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
• Galaxy mergers can rapidly shut down star formation
• On the Origin of Lopsidedness in Galaxies as Determined from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)
• Major Dry-Mergers In Early-Type Brightest Cluster Galaxies
• On the UV compactness and morphologies of typical Lyman-a emitters from z~2 to z~6
• Statistics of the structure components in S0s: implications for bar induced secular evolution
• Integrating human and machine intelligence in galaxy morphology classification tasks
• The Structural Properties of Isolated Galaxies, Spiral-Spiral Pairs, and Mergers: The Robustness of Galaxy Morphology During Secular Evolution
• Beyond the Hubble Sequence -- Exploring Galaxy Morphology with Unsupervised Machine Learning
• A Comparison of Galaxy Merger History Observations and Predictions from Semi-Analytic Models
• Halpha3: an Halpha imaging survey of HI selected galaxies from ALFALFA. IV. Structure of galaxies in the Local and Coma Superclusters
• The Structures of Distant Galaxies - II: Diverse Galaxy Structures and Local Environments at z = 4-6; Implications for Early Galaxy Assembly
• Early-type galaxies at z = 1.3. I. The Lynx supercluster: cluster and groups at z=1.3. Morphology and color-magnitude relation
• The Tumultuous Formation of the Hubble Sequence at z > 1 Examined with HST/WFC3 Observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Active Galactic Nuclei in Groups and Clusters of Galaxies: Detection and Host Morphology
• Hubble Space Telescope survey of the Perseus Cluster - I: The structure and dark matter content of cluster dwarf spheroidals
• Accurate Identification of Galaxy Mergers with Imaging
• Early results from GLASS-JWST XIV: A first morphological atlas of the 1 < z < 5 Universe in the rest-frame optical
• GASP. XVI. Does cosmic web enhancement turn on star formation in galaxies?
• What is the Physical Origin of Strong Lya Emission? I. Demographics of Lya Emitter Structures
• The star formation rate and stellar content contributions of morphological components in the EAGLE simulations
• Properties of Submillimeter Galaxies in the CANDELS GOODS-S Field
• Bar Fraction in Early- and Late-type Spirals
• The Faint and Extremely Red K-band Selected Galaxy Population in the DEEP2/Palomar Fields
• IllustrisTNG in the HSC-SSP: image data release and the major role of mini mergers as drivers of asymmetry and star formation
• CEERS Key Paper III: The Resolved Host Properties of AGN at 3 < z < 5 with JWST
• The merger fraction of post-starburst galaxies in UNIONS
• The red-sequence of 72 WINGS local galaxy clusters
• Anomalously low metallicity regions in MaNGA star-forming galaxies: Accretion Caught in Action?
• Image Simulation with Shapelets
• Bulge plus disc and Sérsic decomposition catalogues for 16,908 galaxies in the SDSS Stripe 82 co-adds: A detailed study of the $ugriz$ structural measurements
• Beyond Spheroids and Discs: Classifications of CANDELS Galaxy Structure at 1.4 < z < 2 via Principal Component Analysis
• Weak Lensing from Space II: Dark Matter Mapping
• Presence of dust with a UV bump in massive, star-forming galaxies at 1 < z < 2.5
• Panchromatic Study of Nearby UV-Bright Starburst Galaxies: Implications for Massive Star Formation and High Redshift Galaxies
• Galaxy Evolution in all Five CANDELS Fields and IllustrisTNG: Morphological, Structural, and the Major Merger Evolution to $z\sim 3$
• Internal Color Properties of Resolved Spheroids in the Deep HST/ACS field of UGC 10214
• The Lopsidedness of Present-Day Galaxies: Results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
• A Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey of Dynamically Close Galaxy Pairs in the CNOC2 Redshift Survey
• Departures From Axisymmetric Morphology and Dynamics in Spiral Galaxies
• Evidence for tidal interaction and merger as the origin of galaxy morphology evolution in compact groups
• Type Ibc supernovae in disturbed galaxies: evidence for a top-heavy IMF
• AGN host galaxies at redshift z~0.7: peculiar or not?
• The Structures of Distant Galaxies - IV: A New Empirical Measurement of the Time-Scale for Galaxy Mergers - Implications for the Merger History
• Are interactions the primary triggers of star formation in dwarf galaxies?
• The Lyman alpha reference sample: IV. Morphology at low and high redshift
• The AGN, Star-Forming, and Morphological Properties of Luminous IR-Bright/Optically-Faint Galaxies
• Photometric characterization of a well defined sample of isolated galaxies in the context of the AMIGA project
• Role of Galaxy Mergers in Cosmic Star Formation History
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Spatially resolved star-formation histories and the connection to galaxy physical properties
• The Photometric and Kinematic Structure of Face-On Disk Galaxies. I. Sample Definition, H-alpha Integral Field Spectroscopy, and HI Line-Widths
• Morphological Parameters of Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)
• The Gas Content and Kinematics of Nearby Blue Compact Galaxies: Implications for Studies at Intermediate and High Redshift
• The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS). The coevolution of galaxy morphology and colour to z~1
• Shapley Supercluster Survey (ShaSS): Galaxy Evolution from Filaments to Cluster Cores
• The Structure and Star Formation History of Early-Type Galaxies in the UDF/GRAPES Survey
• The Tully-Fisher Relation as a Measure of Luminosity Evolution: A Low Redshift Baseline for Evolving Galaxies
• Quantitative Morphology of Galaxies Observed in the Ultraviolet
• Variations in 24 micron morphologies among galaxies in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey: New insights into the Hubble sequence
• Quantified HI Morphology III: Merger Visibility Times from HI in Galaxy Simulations
• The SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey: demographics of the 450 μm-population
• When the Hubble Sequence Appeared ?: Morphology, Color, and Number-Density Evolution of the Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North
• JADES + JEMS: A Detailed Look at the Buildup of Central Stellar Cores and Suppression of Star Formation in Galaxies at Redshifts 3 < z < 4.5
• Morphological signatures of mergers in the TNG50 simulation and the Kilo-Degree Survey: the merger fraction from dwarfs to Milky Way-like galaxies
• The Structure of Tidal Disruption Event Host Galaxies on Scales of Tens to Thousands of Parsecs
• An imaging survey of a uniform sample of Brightest Cluster Galaxies and Intracluster Light
• Evolutionary paths among different red galaxy types at 0.3 < z < 1.5 and the late buildup of massive E-S0's through major mergers
• The ALHAMBRA survey: reliable morphological catalogue of 22,051 early- and late-type galaxies
• A Comparison of the Stellar, CO and Dust-Continuum Emission from Three, Star-Forming HUDF Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Robust determination of the major merger fraction at z = 0.6 in Groth Strip
• Optical and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of a High-Redshift, Hard X-ray Emitting Spiral Galaxy
• Ram pressure and dusty red galaxies - key factors in the evolution of the multiple cluster system Abell 901/902
• Quantified HI Morphology I: Multi-Wavelengths Analysis of the THINGS Galaxies
• HI Asymmetries in LVHIS, VIVA and HALOGAS Galaxies
• A robust morphological classification of high-redshift galaxies using support vector machines on seeing limited images. II. Quantifying morphological k-correction in the COSMOS field at 1<z<2: Ks band vs. I band
• The Opacity of Spiral Galaxy Disks III: Automating the "Synthetic Field Method"
• The evolution of early-type galaxies in clusters from z~ 0.8 to z~ 0: the ellipticity distribution and the morphological mix
• Merger Signatures in the Dynamics of Star-forming Gas
• Non-parametric Morphologies of Galaxies in the EAGLE Simulation
• Cosmic Evolution of Star-Formation Enhancement in Close Major-Merger Galaxy Pairs Since z = 1
• A Central Excess of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae within Disturbed Galaxies
• The most ancient spiral galaxy: a 2.6-Gyr-old disk with a tranquil velocity field
• The role of the most luminous, obscured AGN in galaxy assembly at z~2
• Peculiar compact stellar systems in the Fornax cluster
• Hubble Space Telescope Imaging in the Chandra Deep Field South: III. Quantitative Morphology of the 1Ms Chandra Counterparts and Comparison with the Field Population
• Formation and Morphology of the First Galaxies in the Cosmic Morning
• North Ecliptic Pole merging galaxy catalogue
• High-resolution synthetic UV-submm images for simulated Milky Way-type galaxies from the Auriga project
• A catalogue of structural and morphological measurements for DES Y1
• AEGIS: The Diversity of Bright Near-IR Selected Distant Red Galaxies
• Deep multiband surface photometry on star forming galaxies: I. A sample of 24 blue compact galaxies
• Merger and Ring Galaxy Formation Rates at z<=2
• Stellar Populations of Late-Type Bulges at z=1 in the HUDF
• Interacting Galaxies in the A901/902 Supercluster with STAGES
• Non-parametric estimation of morphological lopsidedness
• The host galaxies of FeLoBAL quasars at z$\sim$0.9 are not dominated by recent major mergers
• Identifying Galaxy Mergers in Simulated CEERS NIRCam Images using Random Forests
• VIS3COS: II. Nature and nurture in galaxy structure and morphology
• From HI to Stars: HI Depletion in Starbursts and Star-Forming Galaxies in the ALFALFA H-alpha Survey
• Identification of tidal features in deep optical galaxy images with Convolutional Neural Networks
• The Compact UV Size of Green Pea Galaxies As Local Analogs of High-redshift Ly$\alpha$-Emitters
• Observations of the Initial Formation and Evolution of Spiral galaxies at $1<z<3$ in the CANDELS fields
• Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies(SFB). III. Statistical Study of Bar-driven Secular Evolution using a sample of nearby barred spirals
• Green galaxies in the COSMOS field
• Mergers of luminous early-type galaxies in the local universe and gravitational wave background
• Galaxy Structure in the Ultraviolet: The Dependence of Morphological Parameters on Rest-Frame Wavelength
• Quantified HI Morphology II : Lopsidedness and Interaction in WHISP Column Density Maps
• The time delay between star formation quenching and morphological transformation of galaxies in clusters: a phase-space view of EDisCS
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: HI in the host galaxy of a Fast Radio Burst
• CL 1358+62: Characterizing the Physical Properties of Cluster Galaxies at z=0.33
• Gradient Pattern Analysis Applied to Galaxy Morphology
• Nonparametric galaxy morphology from UV to submm wavelengths
• SDSS IV MaNGA: Characterizing Non-Axisymmetric Motions in Galaxy Velocity Fields Using the Radon Transform
• Towards robust determination of non-parametric morphologies in marginal astronomical data: resolving uncertainties with cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• Exponential shapelets: basis functions for data analysis of isolated features
• Dark influences III. Structural characterization of minor mergers of dwarf galaxies with dark satellites
• The impact from survey depth and resolution on the morphological classification of galaxies
• Color Magnitude Relation and Morphology of Low-Redshift ULIRGs in SDSS
• The morphological mix of dwarf galaxies in the nearby Universe
• Structure Through Colour: A Pixel Approach Towards Understanding Galaxies
• Parametrising arbitrary galaxy morphologies: potentials and pitfalls
• What is Important? Morphological Asymmetries are Useful Predictors of Star Formation Rates of Star-forming Galaxies in SDSS Stripe 82
• The Morphological Transformation of Red Sequence Galaxies in Clusters since $z\sim 1$
• The connection between the peaks in velocity dispersion and star-forming clumps of turbulent galaxies
• Morphologies of High Redshift, Dust Obscured Galaxies from Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics
• Morphology and the Color-Mass Diagram as Clues to Galaxy Evolution at z~1
• Probing Asymmetric Structures in the Outskirts of Galaxies
• Hubble Space Telescope survey of the Perseus Cluster -III: The effect of local environment on dwarf galaxies
• The observability of galaxy merger signatures in nearby gas-rich spirals
• Restrictions to the galaxy evolutionary models from the Hawaiian Deep Fields SSA13 and SSA22
• Searching for Extragalactic Sources in the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Survey
• Tully-Fisher analysis of the multiple cluster system Abell 901/902
• The Space Density Evolution of Wet and Dry Mergers in the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey
• The Effects of Interactions on the Structure and Morphology of Elliptical/Lenticular galaxies in Pairs
• Advanced Morphological Galaxy Classification: A Comparison of Real and Simulated Galaxies
• Optical multiband surface photometry of a sample of Seyfert galaxies. I. Large-scale morphology and local environment analysis of matched Seyfert and inactive galaxy samples
• ALMA/ACA CO Survey of the IC 1459 and NGC 4636 Groups: Environmental Effects on the Molecular Gas of Group Galaxies
• Multiband galaxy morphologies for CLASH: a convolutional neural network transferred from CANDELS
• The relation between HI Gas and Star Formation Properties in Nearby Galaxies
• Redshifting galaxies from DESI to JWST CEERS: Correction of biases and uncertainties in quantifying morphology
• Study of a homogeneous QSO sample: relations between the QSO and its host galaxy
• A Baryonic Effect on the Merger Timescale of Galaxy Clusters
• Angular momentum of $z\sim 1.5$ galaxies and their local analogues with adaptive optics
• Distribution of star-forming complexes in dwarf irregular galaxies
• Relating basic properties of bright early-type dwarf galaxies to their location in Abell 901/902
• Galaxy morphologies at cosmic noon with JWST: A foundation for exploring gas transport with bars and spiral arms
• The Impact of Redshift on Galaxy Morphometric Classification: case studies for SDSS, DES, LSST and HST with Morfometryka
• Stellar populations, stellar masses and the formation of galaxy bulges and discs at $z<3$ in CANDELS
• WALLABY Pilot Survey: First Look at the Hydra I Cluster and Ram Pressure Stripping of ESO 501-G075
• Star formation in far-IR AGN and non-AGN galaxies in the green valley. II. Morphological analysis
• The evolution of disc galaxies with and without classical bulges since z~1
• The VVV Near-IR Galaxy Catalogue beyond the Galactic disk
• Photometric Redshift Estimation with Galaxy Morphology using Self-Organizing Maps
• The Effects of an AGN on Host Galaxy Colour and Morphology Measurements
• Systematically Asymmetric: A comparison of \hi\ profile asymmetries in real and simulated galaxies
• The Relation between Morphological Asymmetry and Nuclear Activity in Low-redshift Galaxies
• Spatially Offset Active Galactic Nuclei III: Discovery of Late-Stage Galaxy Mergers with The Hubble Space Telescope
• Deep multiband surface photometry on star forming galaxies: II. A volume limited sample of 21 emission lines galaxies
• Nonparametric galaxy morphology from stellar and nebular emission with the CALIFA sample
• Structure and Evolution of Starburst and Normal Galaxies
• Morphology and evolution of emission line galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Genesis of morpho-kinematic lopsidedness in minor merger of galaxies
• The Structures of Distant Galaxies V: The Evolution of Galaxy Structure in Stellar Mass at z < 1
• Physical properties of compact star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2-3$
• Inverted metallicity gradients in two Virgo cluster star-forming dwarf galaxies: evidence of recent merging?
• Do galaxy mergers prefer under-dense environments?
• Lopsided Galaxies in a cosmological context: a new galaxy-halo connection
• Lopsided galactic disks in IllustrisTNG
• Consequences of the external field effect for MOND disk galaxies in galaxy clusters
• Morphology of Spitzer 24um-Detected Galaxies in the UDF: the Links between the Star Formation and Galaxy Morphology
• The OTELO survey as a morphological probe. Last ten Gyr of galaxy evolution. The mass--size relation up to z=2
• Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope observations of dark gamma-ray bursts and their host galaxies
• The rate and contribution of mergers to mass assembly from NIRCam observations of galaxy candidates up to 13.3 billion years ago
• The metallicity and star formation activity of long gamma-ray burst hosts for z$<$3: insights from the Illustris simulation
• Non-parametric Morphologies of Mergers in the Illustris Simulation
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: The Incidence of Major Mergers in type I and II AGN Host Galaxies in the DR15 sample
• Shapley Supercluster Survey: Construction of the Photometric Catalogues and i-band Data Release
• A Search for Lyman Break Galaxies in the CDF-S Using Swift UVOT
• The ultraviolet visibility and quantitative morphology of galactic disks at low and high redshift
• Star Formation Properties in Barred Galaxies(SFB). I. Ultraviolet-to-Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopic Studies of NGC 7479
• Low X-Ray Luminosity Galaxy Clusters. II. Optical properties and morphological content at 0.18 < z < 0.70
• Quenching, bursting and galaxy shapes: colour transformation as a function of morphology
• Internal kinematics of spiral galaxies in distant clusters III. Velocity fields from FORS2/MXU spectroscopy
• Environmental impacts on the rest-frame UV size and morphology ofstar-forming galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Internal kinematics of spiral galaxies in distant clusters IV. Gas kinematics of spiral galaxies in intermediate redshift clusters and in the field
• MOIRCS Deep Survey. VII: NIR Morphologies of Star-forming Galaxies at Redshift z~1
• Angular momentum evolution of bulge stars in disc galaxies in NIHAO
• Unveiling Galaxy Morphology through an Unsupervised-Supervised Hybrid Approach
• A Multivariate Analysis of Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field North
• A morphological study of galaxies in ZwCl0024+1652, a galaxy cluster at redshift z $\sim$ 0.4
• Revealing the quiescent galaxy population in the Spiderweb protocluster at z=2.16 with deep HST/WFC3 slitless spectroscopy
• The effect of the environment on the structure, morphology and star-formation history of intermediate-redshift galaxies
• Less Wound and More Asymmetric: JWST Confirms the Evolution of Spiral Structure in Galaxies at $z\lesssim 3$
• MIDIS. Near-infrared rest-frame morphology of massive galaxies at $3<z<5$ in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field
• Little impact of mergers and galaxy morphology on the production and escape of ionizing photons in the early Universe
• A close-pair analysis of damp mergers at intermediate redshifts
• Asymmetry Revisited: The Effect of Dust Attenuation and Galaxy Inclination
• Near-Infrared Properties of Faint X-rays Sources from NICMOS Imaging in the Chandra Deep Fields
• Stellar angular momentum distribution linked to galaxy morphology
• VERTICO VI: Cold-gas asymmetries in Virgo cluster galaxies
• Comparative Study of Asymmetry Origin of Galaxies in Different Environments. I. Optical observations
• Merger identification through photometric bands, colours, and their errors
• Testing for relics of past strong buckling events in edge-on galaxies: Simulation predictions and data from S${}^4$G
• The Morphological Transformation of Red-Sequence Galaxies in the Distant Cluster XMMU J1229+0151
• Star Formation in Massive Galaxies at Redshift $z\sim 0.5$
• Real galaxy mergers from galaxy pair catalogs
• Using EAGLE simulations to study the effect of observational constraints on the determination of HI asymmetries in galaxies
• Multiresolution angular momentum measurements of z~1.5-2 star-forming galaxies
• On Weak Lensing Shape Noise
• Galaxy Mergers and Interactions at High Redshift
• Antlia Dwarf Galaxy: Distance, quantitative morphology and recent formation history via statistical field correction
• The PSF Smoothing Effect on Concentration-Related Parameters of High Redshift Galaxies in HST and JWST
• The Nature of Star Formation at 24 microns in the Group Environment at 0.3 < z < 0.55
• Testing a prediction of the merger origin of early-type galaxies: a correlation between stellar populations and asymmetry
• Multi-wavelength landscape of the young galaxy cluster RXJ1257.2+4738 at z=0.866. II. Morphological properties
• Determining the time before or after a galaxy merger event
• Chemical Abundances of a Sample of Oxygen-dominated Galaxies
• On the Effects of Local Environment on Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) in the Horizon Run 5 Simulation
• Measuring Galaxy Asymmetries in 3D
• The properties and environment of very young galaxies in the local Universe
• Investigating the Core Morphology-Seyfert Class relationship with Hubble Space Telescope Archival Images of local Seyfert galaxies
• The Galaxy Structure-Redshift Relationship
• Major mergers with small galaxies - the discovery of a Magellanic-type galaxy at z=0.12
• Comparative Study of Asymmetry Origin of Galaxies in Different Environments. II. Near-Infrared observations
• MaNGA AGN dwarf galaxies (MAD). III. The role of mergers and environment in active galactic nucleus activity in dwarf galaxies
• Properties of IR selected Active Galactic Nuclei
• Physical Morphology of Galaxies using Asymmetry
• Image feature extraction and galaxy classification: a novel and efficient approach with automated machine learning
• A statistical study of lopsided galaxies using random forest
• Sky surveys and deep fields of ground-based and space telescopes
• The Ly$\alpha$ and Continuum Origins Survey. III. Investigating the Link between Galaxy Morphology, Merger Properties and LyC Escape
• AGN candidates in the VVV near-IR galaxy catalogue
• A Morphological Study on AGN-host Dwarf Galaxies
• Emission Line Galaxies in the SHARDS Hubble Frontier Fields II: Limits on Lyman-Continuum Escape Fractions of Lensed Emission Line Galaxies at Redshifts 2 < z < 3.5
• An efficient unsupervised classification model for galaxy morphology: Voting clustering based on coding from ConvNeXt large model
• Tracing the origins of galaxy lopsidedness across cosmic time
• Feedback from intermediate mass black holes on dwarf galaxy morphology at z=2
• Morphological evolution of disk galaxies and their concentration, asymmetry and clumpiness (CAS) properties in simulations across Toomre's $Q$ parameter
• The Morphology of 9 Radio-selected Faint Galaxies from deep HST Imaging
• Central Concentration of Asymmetric Features in Post-starburst Galaxies at $z\sim 0.8$
• Euclid preparation. LXVII. Deep learning true galaxy morphologies for weak lensing shear bias calibration
• Diverse Rotation Curves of Galaxies in a Simulated Universe: the Observed Dependence on Stellar Mass and Morphology Reproduced
• HI asymmetries in spatially resolved SIMBA galaxies
• Kinematical Fluctuations Vary with Galaxy Surface Mass Density
• Host galaxy and nuclear properties of IR-selected AGNs with and without outflow signatures
• Morphological study of a sample of dwarf tidal galaxies using the C-A plane
• Asymmetry at Low Surface Brightness as an Indicator of Environmental Processes in the Fornax Cluster
• Classifying merger stages with adaptive deep learning and cosmological hydrodynamical simulations
• Study of AGN contribution on morphological parameters of their host galaxies
• Deciphering galaxy images using machine vision -- Combining variational autoencoder and principal component analysis for feature extraction
• The Evolution of the Hubble Sequence: morpho-kinematics of distant galaxies
• Galaxy Bulges at Mid and High-Redshift
• Evaluating the Accuracy of Non-parametric Galaxy Morphological Indicator Measurements in the CSST Imaging Survey
• Emergence of the Galaxy Morphology-Star Formation Activity-Clustercentric Radius Relations in Galaxy Clusters
• The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey (NGVS). XL. The Morphological Classification of Virgo Cluster Galaxies
• Can AI Dream of Unseen Galaxies? Conditional Diffusion Model for Galaxy Morphology Augmentation
• CHEX-MATE: Morphological analysis of the sample
• Advanced morphology of VIPERS galaxies
• Morphologies for DECaLS Galaxies through a combination of non-parametric indices and machine learning methods: A comprehensive catalog using the Galaxy Morphology Extractor (galmex) code
• Kinematic Evolution of Field and Cluster Spiral Galaxies
• The multiwavelength structure of post-starburst galaxies at 0.5 < z < 3 with JWST PRIMER: compact morphologies and residual disturbances
• Separating the Optical to Near-Infrared Light of AGN and Their Host Galaxies
• On the Role of Minor Galaxy Mergers in the Formation of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Quantifying Radio Source Morphology
• Galaxy Form and Spectral-Type: A Physical Framework for Measuring Evolution
• Effect of AGN on the morphological properties of their host galaxies in the local Universe
• Kinematical small-scale fluctuations do not affect the measurement of the dynamical mass of galaxies
• Galaxy clustering in the VVV Near-IR Galaxy Catalogue
• The History of Galaxy Formation in Groups: An Observational Perspective
• A Simulation Driven Deep Learning Approach for Separating Mergers and Star Forming Galaxies: The Formation Histories of Clumpy Galaxies in all the CANDELS Fields
• Merger or Not: Accounting for Human Biases in Identifying Galactic Merger Signatures
• The Formation of the Hubble Sequence
• Shape asymmetries and the relation between lopsidedness and radial alignment in simulated galaxies