Evaluating the Accuracy of Non-parametric Galaxy Morphological Indicator Measurements in the CSST Imaging Survey

Abstract

The Chinese Space Station Telescope (CSST) is China's upcoming next-generation ultraviolet and optical survey telescope, with imaging resolution capabilities comparable to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In this study, we utilized a comprehensive sample of 3,679 CSST realistic mock galaxies constructed from HST CANDELS/GOODS-North deep imaging observations, with stellar masses $\log \left(M_{\ast }/M_{\odot }\right)>9.0$ and redshifts $z<2$. We evaluate the detection capabilities of CSST surveys and the accuracy in measuring the non-parametric morphological indicators ($C$, $A$, $Gini$, $M_{20}$, $A_{\mathrm{O}}$, $D_{\mathrm{O}}$) of galaxies. Our findings show that in terms of galaxy detection capabilities, CSST's deep field surveys can achieve the same level as HST's deep field observations; however, in wide-field surveys, CSST exhibits a significant deficiency in detecting high-redshift, low-mass, low-surface-brightness galaxies. Regarding the measurement of galaxy morphology, CSST's deep field surveys achieve high accuracy across all indicators except for the asymmetry indicator ($A$), whereas its wide-field surveys suffer from significant systematic biases. We thus provide simple correction functions to adjust the non-parametric morphological indicators obtained from CSST's wide-field and deep-field observations, thereby aligning CSST measurements with those from HST. This adjustment enables the direct application of non-parametric morphological classification methods originally developed for HST data to galaxies observed by CSST.

15 pages, 14 figures, to be published in PASP. Comments welcome

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