Systematically Asymmetric: A comparison of \hi\ profile asymmetries in real and simulated galaxies

Abstract

We examine different measures of asymmetry for galaxy HI velocity profiles. We introduce the channel-by-channel asymmetry and the velocity-of-equality statistics to quantify profile asymmetries. Using a sample of simulated galaxies, we examine how these and the standard lopsidedness morphometric statistic depend on a variety of observational effects including the viewing angle and inclination. We find that our newly introduced channel-by-channel asymmetry is less sensitive to the effects of viewing angle and inclination than other morphometrics. Applying our statistics to the WHISP HI galaxy sample, we also find that the channel-by-channel asymmetry, is a better indicator of visually-classified asymmetric profiles. In addition, we find that the lopsidedness-velocity of equality space can be used to identify profiles with deep central dips without visual inspection.

21 pages, 16 figures, accepted to MNRAS

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• The atomic gas of star-forming galaxies at z$\sim$0.05 as revealed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope
• ASymba: HI global profile asymmetries in the Simba simulation
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• Measuring Galaxy Asymmetries in 3D
• SAMI-HI: the connection between global asymmetry in the ionised and neutral atomic hydrogen gas in galaxies
• MIGHTEE-\HI: Possible interactions with the galaxy NGC~895
• HI asymmetries in spatially resolved SIMBA galaxies
• WALLABY Pilot Survey & ASymba: Comparing HI Detection Asymmetries to the SIMBA Simulation