A Massive, Dusty HI-Absorption-Selected Galaxy at $z\approx 2.46$ Identified in a CO Emission Survey

Abstract

We report a NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA) and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) search for redshifted CO emission from the galaxies associated with seven high-metallicity ([M/H] $\ge -1.03$) damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorbers (DLAs) at $z\approx 1.64-2.51$. Our observations yielded one new detection of CO(3-2) emission from a galaxy at $z=2.4604$ using NOEMA, associated with the $z=2.4628$ DLA towards QSO B0201+365. Including previous searches, our search results in detection rates of CO emission of $\approx 56_{-24}^{+38}$ % and $\approx 11_{-9}^{+26}$ %, respectively, in the fields of DLAs with $[M/H]>-0.3$ and $[M/H]<-0.3$. Further, the HI-selected galaxies associated with five DLAs with [M/H] $>-0.3$ all have high molecular gas masses, $\gtrsim 5\times 10^{10}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. This indicates that the highest-metallicity DLAs at $z\approx 2$ are associated with the most massive galaxies. The newly-identified $z\approx 2.4604$ HI-selected galaxy, DLA0201+365g, has an impact parameter of $\approx 7$ kpc to the QSO sightline, and an implied molecular gas mass of $(5.04\pm 0.78)\times 10^{10}\times ({\alpha }_{\mathrm{CO}}/4.36)\times (r_{31}/0.55){\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$. Archival Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 imaging covering the rest-frame near-ultraviolet (NUV) and far-ultraviolet (FUV) emission from this galaxy yield non-detections of rest-frame NUV and FUV emission, and a $5\sigma$ upper limit of 2.3 M${}_{\odot }$ yr${}^{-1}$ on the unobscured star formation rate (SFR). The low NUV-based SFR estimate, despite the very high molecular gas mass, indicates that DLA0201+365g either is a very dusty galaxy, or has a molecular gas depletion time that is around two orders of magnitude larger than that of star-forming galaxies at similar redshifts.

9 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ

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