The Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx 1$ Survey

Abstract

We describe the design, data analysis, and basic results of the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope Cold-HI AT $z\approx 1$ (GMRT-CAT$z$1) survey, a 510-hour upgraded GMRT HI 21 cm emission survey of galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$ in the DEEP2 survey fields. The GMRT-CAT$z$1 survey is aimed at characterising HI in galaxies during and just after the epoch of peak star-formation activity in the Universe, a key epoch in galaxy evolution. We obtained high-quality HI 21 cm spectra for 11,419 blue star-forming galaxies at $z=0.74-1.45$, in seven pointings on the DEEP2 subfields. We detect the stacked HI 21 cm emission signal of the 11,419 star-forming galaxies, which have an average stellar mass of $M_{\ast }\approx 10^{10}{M}_{\odot }$, at $7.1\sigma$ statistical significance, obtaining an average HI mass of $⟨M_{HI}⟩=(13.7\pm 1.9)\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }$. This is significantly higher than the average HI mass of $⟨M_{HI}⟩=(3.96\pm 0.17)\times 10^9{M}_{\odot }$ in star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 0$ with an identical stellar-mass distribution. We stack the rest-frame 1.4 GHz continuum emission of our 11,419 galaxies to infer an average star-formation rate (SFR) of $8.07\pm 0.82M_{\odot }y{r}^{-1}$. Combining our average HI mass and average SFR estimates yields an HI depletion timescale of $1.70\pm 0.29$ Gyr, for star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1$, $\approx 3$ times lower than that of local galaxies. We thus find that, although main-sequence galaxies at $z\approx 1$ have a high HI mass, their short HI depletion timescale is likely to cause quenching of their star-formation activity in the absence of rapid gas accretion from the circumgalactic medium.

27 pages, 15 figures; The Astrophysical Journal, 937, 103; updated to match published version

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• A [CII]-158-micron Survey of DLA galaxies at z~4: Observations of Dense and Metal-Enriched Neutral Gas within the Circumgalactic Medium of Star-Forming Galaxies
• The Qz5 Survey (I): How the HI Mass Density of the Universe Evolves With Cosmic Time
• CHILES X: Molecular and atomic gas at intermediate redshift
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• A machine learning approach to estimating HI deficiency in galaxies