The gas mass of star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1.3$

Abstract

We report a Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) search for HI 21cm emission from a large sample of star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1.18-1.34$, lying in sub-fields of the DEEP2 Redshift Survey. The search was carried out by co-adding ("stacking") the HI 21cm emission spectra of 857 galaxies, after shifting each galaxy's HI 21cm spectrum to its rest frame. We obtain the $3\sigma$ upper limit S${}_{\mathrm{HI}}<2.5\mu$Jy on the average HI 21cm flux density of the 857 galaxies, at a velocity resolution of $\approx 315$ km s${}^{-1}$. This yields the $3\sigma$ constraint M${}_{\mathrm{HI}}<2.1\times 10^{10}\times {\left[\Delta \mathrm{V}/315km/s\right]}^{1/2}{\text{M}}_{\odot }$ on the average HI mass of the 857 stacked galaxies, the first direct constraint on the atomic gas mass of galaxies at $z>1$. The implied limit on the average atomic gas mass fraction (relative to stars) is ${\mathrm{M}}_{\mathrm{GAS}}/{\mathrm{M}}_{\ast }<0.5$, comparable to the cold molecular gas mass fraction in similar star-forming galaxies at these redshifts. We find that the cosmological mass density of neutral atomic gas in massive star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1.3$ is ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{GAS}}<3.7\times 10^{-4}$, significantly lower than ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{GAS}}$ estimates in both galaxies in the local Universe and damped Lyman-$\alpha$ absorbers at $z\ge 2.2$. Massive blue star-forming galaxies thus do not appear to dominate the neutral atomic gas content of the Universe at $z\approx 1.3$.

5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters. Minor changes to match the ApJL version

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