Multi-Wavelength Constraints on the Cosmic Star Formation History from Spectroscopy: the Rest-Frame UV, H-alpha, and Infrared Luminosity Functions at Redshifts 1.9<z<3.4

Abstract

We use a sample of rest-frame UV selected and spectroscopically observed galaxies at redshifts 1.9<z<3.4, combined with ground-based spectroscopic H-alpha and Spitzer MIPS 24 micron data, to derive the most robust measurements of the rest-frame UV, H-alpha, and infrared (IR) luminosity functions (LFs) at these redshifts. Our sample is by far the largest of its kind, with over 2000 spectroscopic redshifts in the range 1.9<z<3.4 and ~15000 photometric candidates in 29 independent fields covering a total area of almost a square degree. Our method for computing the LFs takes into account a number of systematic effects, including photometric scatter, Ly-alpha perturbations to optical colors, and contaminants. Taking into account the latter, we find no evidence for an excess of UV-bright galaxies over what was inferred in early z~3 LBG studies. The UV LF appears to undergo little evolution between z~4 and z~2. Corrected for extinction, the UV luminosity density (LD) at z~2 is at least as large as the value at z~3 and a factor of ~9 larger than the value at z~6, primarily reflecting an increase in the number density of bright galaxies between z~6 and z~2. Our analysis yields the first constraints anchored by extensive spectroscopy on the IR and bolometric LFs for faint and moderately luminous (L[bol]<10^12 L_sun) galaxies. Adding the IR to the emergent UV luminosity, incorporating independent measurements of the LD from ULIRGs, and assuming realistic dust attenuation values for UV-faint galaxies, indicates that galaxies with L[bol]<10^12 L_sun account for ~80% of the bolometric LD and SFRD at z~2-3. Our multi-wavelength constraints on the global SFRD indicate that approximately one-third of the present-day stellar mass density was formed in sub-ultraluminous galaxies between redshifts z=1.9-3.4. [Abridged]

40 pages, 28 figures, 12 tables; accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Well-Sampled Far-Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of z ~ 2 Galaxies: Evidence for Scaled up Cool Galaxies
• A Study of Interstellar Gas and Stars in the Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy `The Cosmic Eye' from Rest-Frame Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
• The Evolution of the Star Formation Rate of Galaxies at 0.0 < z < 1.2
• Tidal alignments as a contaminant of redshift space distortions
• A molecular line scan in the Hubble Deep Field North
• Ultra-deep Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of LIRGs and ULIRGs at z ~ 1-2
• Insights on the Formation, Evolution, and Activity of Massive Galaxies From Ultra-Compact and Disky Galaxies at z=2-3
• MOIRCS Deep Survey. VIII. Evolution of Star Formation Activity as a Function of Stellar Mass in Galaxies since z~3
• Dissecting the Gaseous Halos of z~2 Damped Ly$\alpha$ Systems with Close Quasar Pairs
• On the UV compactness and morphologies of typical Lyman-a emitters from z~2 to z~6
• Fast Outflows Identified in Early Star-Forming Galaxies at $z=5-6$
• A Rest-frame Optical View on z~4 Galaxies I: Color and Age Distributions from Deep IRAC Photometry of the IUDF10 and GOODS Surveys
• The UV, Lyman-alpha, and dark matter halo properties of high redshift galaxies
• LATIS: The Ly$\alpha$ Tomography IMACS Survey
• Proto-groups at 1.8<z<3 in the zCOSMOS-deep sample
• IRS Spectroscopy and Multi-wavelength Study of Luminous Star-forming Galaxies at z~1.9
• Clustering properties of galaxies selected in stellar mass: Breaking down the link between luminous and dark matter in massive galaxies from z=0 to z=2
• Discovery Of Cold, Pristine Gas Possibly Accreting Onto An Overdensity Of Star-Forming Galaxies At Redshift z ~ 1.6
• Lyman Alpha Emitters in Hierarchical Galaxy Formation II. UV Continuum Luminosity Function and Equivalent Width Distribution
• Physical Properties of Sub-galactic Clumps at 0.5 $\le z\le$ 1.5 in the UVUDF
• Probing cosmic star formation up to z = 9.4 with GRBs
• Star Formation from DLA Gas in the Outskirts of Lyman Break Galaxies at z~3
• The MOSDEF Survey: Metallicity Dependence of the PAH Emission at High Redshift and Implications for 24 micron-inferred IR Luminosities and Star Formation Rates at z~2
• The LBT Bootes Field Survey: I. The Rest-frame UV and Luminosity Functions and Clustering of Bright Lyman Break Galaxies at z~3
• The gas mass of star-forming galaxies at $z\approx 1.3$
• The Carbon Content of Intergalactic Gas at z=4.25 and its Evolution Toward z=2.4
• Clustering of quasars in a wide luminosity range at redshift 4 with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam wide field imaging
• Bright Strongly Lensed Galaxies at Redshift z~ 6-7 behind the Clusters Abell 1703 and CL0024+161
• Modelling high redshift Lyman-alpha Emitters
• Global Star Formation Rate Density over 0.7<z<1.9
• Properties of QSO Metal Line Absorption Systems at High Redshifts: Nature and Evolution of the Absorbers and New Evidence on Escape of Ionizing Radiation from Galaxies
• Exploring the Overabundance of ULXs in Metal- and Dust-poor Local Lyman Break Analogs
• The VLT LBG Redshift Survey I: Clustering and Dynamics of ~1000 Galaxies at z~3
• High Redshift Galaxy Populations and their Descendants
• Molecular Gas in Submillimetre-Faint, Star-Forming Ultraluminous Galaxies at z>1
• The Relationship between Stellar Mass, Gas Metallicity, and Star Formation Rate for Halpha-selected Galaxies at z~0.8 from the NewHalpha Survey
• Extreme star formation events in quasar hosts over $0.5<\text{z}<4$
• The VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey: Ly$\alpha$ Emission and Stellar Populations of Star-Forming Galaxies at 2<z<2.5
• Discovery of Lyman Break Galaxies at z~7 from the ZFOURGE Survey
• A Census of Star-Forming Galaxies at z = 1-3 in the Subaru Deep Field
• Observational constraints on the co-evolution of supermassive black holes and galaxies
• Stars, Dust, and the Growth of UV-Selected Sub-L* Galaxies at Redshift z~2
• Detection of hot, metal-enriched outflowing gas around $z\approx$2.3 star-forming galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
• Star formation and dust extinction properties of local galaxies from AKARI-GALEX All-Sky Surveys: First results from most secure multiband sample from FUV to FIR
• The extreme, red afterglow of GRB 060923A: Distance or dust?
• Toward More Realistic Forecasting of Dark Energy Constraints from Galaxy Redshift Surveys
• A Study of Massive and Evolved Galaxies at High Redshift
• The Stellar Mass, Star Formation Rate and Dark Matter Halo Properties of LAEs at $z\sim 2$
• On Lya emission in z~3-6 UV-selected galaxies
• Spectrophotometry with Hectospec, the MMT's Fiber-Fed Spectrograph
• The Redshift Evolution of Rest-UV Spectroscopic Properties to z~5
• Overturning the Case for Gravitational Powering in the Prototypical Cooling Lyman-alpha Nebula
• Optical Images and Source Catalog of AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey Field
• Herschel Detection of Dust Emission from UV-Luminous Star-Forming Galaxies at 3.3<z<4.3
• The most luminous H$\alpha$ emitters at z~0.8-2.23 from HiZELS: evolution of AGN and star-forming galaxies
• Star-galaxy separation by far-infrared color-color diagrams for the AKARI FIS All-Sky Survey (Bright Source Catalogue Version beta-1)
• The infrared emission of ultraviolet selected galaxies from z = 0 to z=1
• Predicting Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies via Empirical Markers of Production and Escape in the KBSS
• IDCS J1426.5+3508: Cosmological implications of a massive, strong lensing cluster at Z = 1.75
• The Relative Role of Galaxy Mergers and Cosmic Flows in Feeding Black Holes
• Measures of star formation rates from Infrared (Herschel) and UV (GALEX) emissions of galaxies in the HerMES fields
• Stellar Populations of Lyman Break Galaxies at z=1-3 in the HST/WFC3 Early Release Science Observations
• Stellar Populations of UV-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei Host Galaxies at z ~ 2 - 3
• Mergers and Star Formation: The environment and Stellar Mass Growth of the Progenitors of Ultra-Massive Galaxies since z = 2
• A new census of dust and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at z=0.7-2 with JWST MIRI
• Lyman Break Galaxies at z~1.8-2.8: GALEX/NUV Imaging of the Subaru Deep Field
• Dust attenuation up to z~2 in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Deep Field
• A measurement of galaxy halo mass from the surrounding HI Lyα absorption
• Deep Keck u-band imaging of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field: A catalog of z~3 Lyman Break Galaxies
• Improving the identification of high-z Herschel sources with position priors and optical/NIR and FIR/mm photometric redshifts
• The evolution of the star formation rate function and cosmic star formation rate density of galaxies at $z\sim 1-4$
• Voids in Lyα Forest Tomographic Maps
• On the dependence between UV luminosity and Lyman-alpha equivalent width in high redshift galaxies
• Stellar Populations of Lyman-alpha Emitters at z=4.86: A Comparison to $z\sim 5$ LBGs
• A Ks and IRAC Selection of High-Redshift Extremely Red Objects
• The X-ray luminosity function of AGN at z~3
• The role of massive halos in the Star Formation History of the Universe
• The Faint-End Slope of the Redshift 5.7 Lyman Alpha Luminosity Function
• PHIBSS: Exploring the Dependence of the CO-H${}_2$ Conversion Factor on Total Mass Surface Density at $z<1.5$
• Galaxy counterparts of intervening high-z sub-DLAs/DLAs and MgII absorbers towards gamma-ray bursts
• Modeling the connection between ultraviolet and infrared galaxy populations across cosmic times
• Deep U-B-V imaging of the Lockman Hole with the LBT. Observations and number counts
• Submillimetre Detection of the z=2.83 Lyman-Break Galaxy, Westphal-MM8, and Implications for SCUBA2
• The dusty, albeit ultraviolet bright infancy of galaxies
• The nature of damped HI absorbers probed by cosmological simulations: satellite accretion and outflows
• CASSOWARY 20: a Wide Separation Einstein Cross Identified with the X-shooter Spectrograph
• Understanding the non-linear clustering of high redshift galaxies
• Dust properties of Lyman break galaxies in cosmological simulations
• Lyman-Break Galaxies at $z\sim 3$ in the Subaru Deep Field: Luminosity Function, Clustering and [OIII] Emission
• The evolution of galaxy star formation activity in massive halos
• Paschen-alpha Emission in the Gravitationally Lensed Galaxy SMM J163554.2+661225
• The properties of the brightest Lyman alpha emitters at z~5.7
• Spatial Clustering of High Redshift Lyman Break Galaxies
• On the nature of the extragalactic number counts in the K-band
• Lyman-α Emitters in the context of hierarchical galaxy formation: predictions for VLT/MUSE surveys
• Clustering at high redshift: The connection between Lyman Alpha emitters and Lyman break galaxies
• Using the 1.6um Bump to Study Rest-frame NIR Selected Galaxies at Redshift 2
• A Multiply Imaged Luminous Infrared Galaxy Behind the Bullet Cluster
• The History of Star Formation in Galaxy Disks in the Local Volume as Measured by the ACS Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury
• Understanding the redshift evolution of the luminosity functions of Lyman-alpha emitters
• The SCUBA-2 850 $\mu m$ follow-up of WISE-selected, luminous dust-obscured quasars
• Galaxy stellar mass assembly: the difficulty matching observations and semi-analytical predictions
• Dust-Obscured Galaxies in the Local Universe
• Spatially-resolved HST Grism Spectroscopy of a Lensed Emission Line Galaxy at z~1
• A Glimpse at Quasar Host Galaxy Far-UV Emission, Using DLAs as Natural Coronagraphs
• [OII] emitters in the GOODS field at z~1.85: a homogeneous measure of evolving star formation
• Metal-Enriched Neutral Gas Reservoir around a Strongly-lensed, Low-mass Galaxy at $z=4$ Identified by JWST/NIRISS and VLT/MUSE
• Nearby Galaxies in the 2micron All Sky Survey I. K-band Luminosity Functions
• Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Two Lensed Star-forming Galaxies
• An ALMA survey of sub-millimeter galaxies in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Sub-millimeter properties of color-selected galaxies
• GALEX selected Lyman Break Galaxies at z~2: Comparison with other Populations
• Local photoionization feedback effects on galaxies
• G.A.S. II: Dust extinction in galaxies; Luminosity functions and InfraRed eXcess
• LBT and Spitzer Spectroscopy of Star-Forming Galaxies at 1 < z < 3: Extinction and Star Formation Rate Indicators
• Probing the Physical Properties of z=4.5 Lyman Alpha Emitters with Spitzer
• Search for High-Energy Neutrinos from Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies with IceCube
• One-Two Quench: A Double Minor Merger Scenario
• Characterising the signatures of star-forming galaxies in the extra-galactic $\gamma$-ray background
• Cosmic Star Formation: a simple model of the SFRD(z)
• Imaging Spectroscopy of Ionized Gaseous Nebulae around Optically Faint AGN at Redshift z ~ 2
• Cosmology before noon with multiple galaxy populations
• An ALMA survey of the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey UKIDSS/UDS field: Dust attenuation in high-redshift Lyman break Galaxies
• The Mass-Radius Relation for Star-Forming Galaxies at z ~ 1.5-3.0
• Dust-obscured star formation and the contribution of galaxies escaping UV/optical color selections at z~2
• The first gigayear of bulge star formation in Virgo ellipticals: constraints from their globular cluster systems
• UV-Luminous, Star-Forming Hosts of z~2 Reddened Quasars in the Dark Energy Survey
• High redshift galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey: I. selection method and number counts based on redshift PDFs
• The mid-IR Luminosity Function at z<0.3 from 5MUSES: Understanding the Star-formation/AGN Balance from a Spectroscopic View
• The Herschel Virgo Cluster Survey. XIX. Physical properties of low luminosity FIR sources at $z<$ 0.5
• LADUMA: Discovery of a luminous OH megamaser at $z>0.5$
• The obscured hyper-energetic GRB 120624B hosted by a luminous compact galaxy at z = 2.20
• High redshift LBGs from deep broadband imaging for future spectroscopic surveys
• Cosmic history of integrated galactic stellar initial mass function : a simulation study
• The ALMA Frontier Fields survey V: ALMA Stacking of Lyman-Break Galaxies in Abell 2744, Abell 370, Abell S1063, MACSJ0416.1-2403 and MACSJ1149.5+2223
• Searching for the first stars with the Gaia mission
• A spectroscopic measure of the star-formation rate density in dwarf galaxies at z~1
• Revealing the Nature of a Lyman-$\alpha$ Halo in a Strongly Lensed Interacting System at $z=2.92$
• Dust Properties of Local Dust-Obscured Galaxies with the Submillimeter Array
• Weighing neutrinos using high redshift galaxy luminosity functions
• Probing IGM accretion onto faint Lyα emitters at z~2.8
• The Infrared Luminosity Function of AKARI 90$\mu$m Galaxies in the Local Universe
• Cosmic star formation probed via parametric stack-fitting of known sources to radio imaging
• Connecting the growth of galaxies to the large-scale environment in a massive node of the Cosmic Web at z~3
• HSC-CLAUDS survey: The star formation rate functions since z ~ 2 and comparison with hydrodynamical simulations
• Close Galaxy Pairs at z = 3: A Challenge to UV Luminosity Abundance Matching
• Resolved galactic superwinds reconstructed around their host galaxies at z>3
• Effective Opacity of the Intergalactic Medium from Galaxy Spectra Analysis
• Probing the Long Gamma-Ray Burst Progenitor by Lyman-alpha Emission of Host Galaxies
• Deep R-band counts of z~3 Lyman break galaxy candidates with the LBT
• Galaxy populations in protoclusters at cosmic noon
• Improved Lyman Alpha Tomography using Optimized Reconstruction with Constraints on Absorption (ORCA)
• Cosmic reionization of hydrogen and helium: contribution from both mini-quasars and stars
• Reconciling the Results of the z~2 MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE Surveys
• A physical model for the redshift evolution of high-z Lyman-Break Galaxies
• Negative feedback effects on star formation history and cosmic reionization
• Reconstructing HI power spectrum with minimal parameters using the dark matter distribution beyond halos
• SDSS J1059+4251, a highly magnified z ~ 2.8 star-forming galaxy: ESI observations of the rest-frame UV spectrum
• The Wyoming Survey for H-alpha. III. A Multi-wavelength Look at Attenuation by Dust in Galaxies out to z~0.4
• The dust properties of z ~ 3 MIPS-LBGs from photo-chemical models
• Constraining $z\lesssim 2$ ultraviolet emission with the upcoming ULTRASAT satellite
• The Physical Properties of Star-Forming Galaxies with Strong [O III] Lines at z=3.25
• Lyman-alpha Forest Tomography of the z>2 Cosmic Web
• The Baryon Budget of Galaxies across the First Billion Years