Nebular Emission Line Ratios in z~2-3 Star-Forming Galaxies with KBSS-MOSFIRE: Exploring the Impact of Ionization, Excitation, and Nitrogen-to-Oxygen Ratio

Abstract

We present a detailed study of the rest-optical (3600-7000 Angstrom) nebular spectra of ~380 star-forming galaxies at z~2-3 obtained with Keck/MOSFIRE as part of the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey (KBSS). The KBSS-MOSFIRE sample is representative of star-forming galaxies at these redshifts, with stellar masses M*=10^9-10^11.5 M_sun and star formation rates SFR=3-1000 M_sun/yr. We focus on robust measurements of many strong diagnostic emission lines for individual galaxies: [O II]3727,3729, [Ne III]3869, H-beta, [O III]4960,5008, [N II]6549,6585, H-alpha, and [S II]6718,6732. Comparisons with observations of typical local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and between subsamples of KBSS-MOSFIRE show that high-redshift galaxies exhibit a number of significant differences in addition to the well-known offset in log([O III]/H-beta) and log([N II]/H-alpha). We argue that the primary difference between H II regions in z~2.3 galaxies and those at z~0 is an enhancement in the degree of nebular excitation, as measured by [O III]/H-beta and R23=log[([O III]+[O II])/H-beta]. At the same time, KBSS-MOSFIRE galaxies are ~10 times more massive than z~0 galaxies with similar ionizing spectra and have higher N/O (likely accompanied by higher O/H) at fixed excitation. These results indicate the presence of harder ionizing radiation fields at fixed N/O and O/H relative to typical z~0 galaxies, consistent with Fe-poor stellar population models that include massive binaries, and highlight a population of massive, high-specific star formation rate galaxies at high-redshift with systematically different star formation histories than galaxies of similar stellar mass today.

arXiv comment29 pages, 26 figures. Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal

References in corpus (59)

• Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
• The Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Technical Summary
• The chemical composition of the Sun
• Galactic Stellar and Substellar Initial Mass Function
• Star Formation in Galaxies Along the Hubble Sequence
• The Dust Content and Opacity of Actively Star-Forming Galaxies
• The Host Galaxies of AGN
• Cosmic Star Formation History
• Theoretical Modeling of Starburst Galaxies
• High Redshift Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. Color Selection and Star Formation History to z=4
• [O III]/[N II] as an Abundance Indicator at High Redshift
• On the normalisation of the cosmic star formation history
• The Eighth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Data from SDSS-III
• Using Strong Lines to Estimate Abundances in Extragalactic HII Regions and Starburst Galaxies
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation at z~2
• AMAZE. I. The evolution of the mass-metallicity relation at z>3
• PHIBSS: molecular gas content and scaling relations in z~1-3 normal star forming galaxies
• The SDSS Quasar Survey: Quasar Luminosity Function from Data Release Three
• Nucleosynthesis Yields of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Hypernovae, and Galactic Chemical Evolution
• Strong Nebular Line Ratios in the Spectra of z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies: First Results from KBSS-MOSFIRE
• The KMOS^3D Survey: design, first results, and the evolution of galaxy kinematics from 0.7<z<2.7
• A Survey of Star-Forming Galaxies in the z=1.4-2.5 `Redshift Desert': Overview
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation with the Direct Method on Stacked Spectra of SDSS Galaxies
• The Stellar, Gas and Dynamical Masses of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2
• Theoretical Evolution of Optical Strong Lines across Cosmic Time
• The MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field (MOSDEF) Survey: Rest-Frame Optical Spectroscopy for ~1500 H-Selected Galaxies at 1.37 < z < 3.8
• Multi-Wavelength Constraints on the Cosmic Star Formation History from Spectroscopy: the Rest-Frame UV, H-alpha, and Infrared Luminosity Functions at Redshifts 1.9<z<3.4
• Reconciling the Stellar and Nebular Spectra of High Redshift Galaxies
• Stellar Population Effects on the Inferred Photon Density at Reionization
• The Gaseous Environment of High-z Galaxies: Precision Measurements of Neutral Hydrogen in the Circumgalactic Medium of z ~ 2-3 Galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
• The MOSDEF Survey: Electron Density and Ionization Parameter at $z\sim 2.3$
• UV to Mid-IR Observations of Star-forming Galaxies at z~2: Stellar Masses and Stellar Populations
• The Characteristic Star Formation Histories of Galaxies at Redshifts z~2-7
• The impact of the nitrogen-to-oxygen ratio on ionized nebulae diagnostics based on [NII] emission lines
• The MOSDEF Survey: Mass, Metallicity, and Star-formation Rate at z~2.3
• New insights into the stellar content and physical conditions of star-forming galaxies at z = 2-3 from spectral modelling
• The MOSDEF Survey: Excitation Properties of $z\sim 2.3$ Star-forming Galaxies
• The Role of Starburst-AGN composites in Luminous Infrared Galaxy Mergers: Insights from the New Optical Classification Scheme
• Optical Selection of Galaxies at Redshifts 1<z<3
• A New Diagnostic of Active Galactic Nuclei: Revealing Highly-Absorbed Systems at Redshift>0.3
• The Tully-Fisher relations of early-type spiral and S0 galaxies
• Physical Properties of Emission-Line Galaxies at z ~ 2 from Near-Infrared Spectroscopy with Magellan FIRE
• AGN Emission Line Diagnostics and the Mass-Metallicity Relation up to Redshift z~2: the Impact of Selection Effects and Evolution
• Metallicities and Physical Conditions in Star-forming Galaxies at z~1.0-1.5
• The MOSDEF Survey: Optical AGN Diagnostics at z~2.3
• An HST/WFC3-IR Morphological Survey of Galaxies at z = 1.5-3.6: I. Survey Description and Morphological Properties of Star Forming Galaxies
• Physical conditions in the ISM of intensely star-forming galaxies at redshift~2
• Electron impact excitation of OII fine-structure levels
• A Consistent Study of Metallicity Evolution at 0.8 < z < 2.6
• Abundances in Spiral Galaxies: Evidence for Primary Nitrogen Production
• "Counterpart" method for abundance determinations in HII regions
• Carbon and oxygen abundances from recombination lines in low-metallicity star-forming galaxies. Implications for chemical evolution
• Effects of episodic gas infall on the chemical abundances in galaxies
• The Rest Frame Ultraviolet Spectra of UV-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei at z ~ 2-3
• A Tight Relation Between N/O Ratio and Galaxy Stellar Mass Can Explain the Evolution of Strong Emission Line Ratios with Redshift
• The MOSDEF Survey: The strong agreement between H-alpha and UV-to-FIR star formation rates for z~2 star-forming galaxies
• Luminosity Dependence and Redshift Evolution of Strong Emission-line Diagnostics in Star-Forming Galaxies
• The Relation Between [OIII]/H$\beta$ and Specific Star Formation Rate in Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Testing the existence of non-Maxwellian electron distributions in H II regions after assessing atomic data accuracy

Cited by in corpus (192)

• De Re Metallica: The cosmic chemical evolution of galaxies
• The Keck Lyman Continuum Spectroscopic Survey (KLCS): The Emergent Ionizing Spectrum of Galaxies at $z\sim 3$
• GA-NIFS: A massive black hole in a low-metallicity AGN at $z\sim 5.55$ revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• The chemical enrichment in the early Universe as probed by JWST via direct metallicity measurements at z~8
• The MOSDEF Survey: The Evolution of the Mass-Metallicity Relation from $z=0$ to $z\sim 3.3$
• Near infrared spectroscopy and star-formation histories of 3<z<4 quiescent galaxies
• Star-Forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• A Cosmic UV/X-ray Background Model Update
• The SINS/zC-SINF survey of z~2 galaxy kinematics: SINFONI adaptive optics-assisted data and kiloparsec-scale emission line properties
• Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: galaxy scaling relations, stellar mass functions, and luminosity functions
• Ultraviolet spectra of extreme nearby star-forming regions --- approaching a local reference sample for JWST
• The MOSDEF Survey: Direct-Method Metallicities and ISM Conditions at $z\sim 1.5-3.5$
• The JWST Extragalactic Mock Catalog: Modeling galaxy populations from the UV through the near-IR over thirteen billion years of cosmic history
• MMT/MMIRS spectroscopy of $z=1.3-2.4$ extreme [OIII] emitters: Implications for galaxies in the reionization-era
• JADES: Probing interstellar medium conditions at $z\sim 5.5-9.5$ with ultra-deep JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy
• Gas filaments of the cosmic web located around active galaxies in a proto-cluster
• The MOSDEF survey: a stellar mass-SFR-metallicity relation exists at $z\sim 2.3$
• "Direct" Gas-Phase Metallicity in Local Analogs of High-Redshift Galaxies: Empirical Metallicity Calibrations for High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies
• Constraining the metallicities, ages, star formation histories, and ionizing continua of extragalactic massive star populations
• The MOSDEF Survey: Direct Observational Constraints on the Ionizing Photon Production Efficiency, ${\xi }_{\mathrm{ion}}$, at z~2
• Galaxy metallicity scaling relations in the EAGLE simulations
• The MOSDEF Survey: Significant Evolution in the Rest-Frame Optical Emission Line Equivalent Widths of Star-Forming Galaxies at z=1.4-3.8
• Dust attenuation in 2<z<3 star-forming galaxies from deep ALMA observations of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field
• Emission-line diagnostics of nearby HII regions including interacting binary populations
• Measuring the Physical Conditions in High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies: Insights from KBSS-MOSFIRE
• The VANDELS ESO public spectroscopic survey
• Diagnostics for PopIII galaxies and Direct Collapse Black Holes in the early universe
• The Physical Conditions of Emission-Line Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn from JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy in the SMACS 0723 Early Release Observations
• Accurately predicting the escape fraction of ionizing photons using restframe ultraviolet absorption lines
• The MOSDEF Survey: the Variation of the Dust Attenuation Curve with Metallicity
• The VANDELS survey: the stellar metallicities of star-forming galaxies at 2.5 < z < 5.0
• Widespread star formation inside galactic outflows
• Are high redshift Galaxies hot? - Temperature of z > 5 Galaxies and Implications on their Dust Properties
• The Column Density, Kinematics, and Thermal State of Metal-Bearing Gas within the Virial Radius of z~2 Star-Forming Galaxies in the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey
• The ultra-dense, interacting environment of a dual AGN at z $\sim$ 3.3 revealed by JWST/NIRSpec IFS
• New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies
• The Massive Ancient Galaxies At $z>3$ NEar-infrared (MAGAZ3NE) Survey: Confirmation of Extremely Rapid Star-Formation and Quenching Timescales for Massive Galaxies in the Early Universe
• The impact of stars stripped in binaries on the integrated spectra of stellar populations
• Characterizing Extreme Emission Line Galaxies I: A Four-Zone Ionization Model for Very-High-Ionization Emission
• The FMOS-COSMOS survey of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.6$ VI: Redshift and emission-line catalog and basic properties of star-forming galaxies
• The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey XI. Constraining the low-mass end of the stellar mass - star formation rate relation at $z<1$
• Synthetic nebular emission from massive galaxies I: origin of the cosmic evolution of optical emission-line ratios
• The KLEVER Survey: Spatially resolved metallicity maps and gradients in a sample of 1.2 < z < 2.5 lensed galaxies
• Probing Cosmic Dawn with Emission Lines: Predicting Infrared and Nebular Line Emission for ALMA and JWST
• Physical properties and H-ionizing-photon production rates of extreme nearby star-forming regions
• Gas-phase metallicity gradients of TNG50 star-forming galaxies
• The Lyman Continuum Escape Survey -- II: Ionizing Radiation as a Function of the [OIII]/[OII] Line Ratio
• First Sample of H$\alpha$+[O III] $\lambda$5007 Line Emitters at $z>6$ Through JWST/NIRCam Slitless Spectroscopy: Physical Properties and Line Luminosity Functions
• JADES: A large population of obscured, narrow line AGN at high redshift
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: The Interplay Between Massive Stars and Ionized Gas in High-Redshift Star-Forming Galaxies
• The NIRVANDELS Survey: a robust detection of $\alpha$-enhancement in star-forming galaxies at $z\simeq 3.4$
• Dust Attenuation, Star Formation, and Metallicity in z ~ 2-3 Galaxies from KBSS-MOSFIRE
• Synthetic nebular emission from massive galaxies II: ultraviolet-line diagnostics of dominant ionizing sources
• Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes
• High-z galaxies with JWST and local analogues -- it is not only star formation
• The First Billion Years project: constraining the dust attenuation law of star-forming galaxies at z $\simeq$ 5
• The X-SHOOTER Lyman-$\alpha$ survey at z=2 (XLS-z2) I: What makes a galaxy a Lyman-$\alpha$ emitter?
• The Effects of Stellar Population and Gas Covering Fraction on the Emergent Lyman Alpha Emission of High-Redshift Galaxies
• Discovery of Strongly Inverted Metallicity Gradients in Dwarf Galaxies at $z$$\sim$2
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Galaxies During Reionization: Measuring CIII] in a Galaxy at $\mathbf{z}=7.5$
• The Keck Baryonic Structure Survey: Using foreground/background galaxy pairs to trace the structure and kinematics of circumgalactic neutral hydrogen at $z\sim 2$
• A JWST/NIRSpec Exploration of the Connection between Ionization Parameter, Electron Density, and Star-Formation-Rate Surface Density in z=2.7-6.3 Galaxies
• SDSS-IV MaNGA: Refining Strong Line Diagnostic Classifications Using Spatially Resolved Gas Dynamics
• The redshift evolution of rest-UV spectroscopic properties in Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 2-4
• Evolution of N/O Abundance Ratios and Ionization Parameters from z~0 to 2 Investigated by the Direct Temperature Method
• GA-NIFS: Black hole and host galaxy properties of two z$\simeq$6.8 quasars from the NIRSpec IFU
• Present-day mass-metallicity relation for galaxies using a new electron-temperature method
• Being KLEVER at cosmic noon: ionised gas outflows are inconspicuous in low-mass star-forming galaxies but prominent in massive AGN hosts
• GA-NIFS: The core of an extremely massive proto-cluster at the Epoch of Reionization probed with JWST/NIRSpec
• Near-Infrared MOSFIRE Spectra of Dusty Star-Forming Galaxies at 0.2<z<4
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: The Connection Between Massive Stars and Ionized Gas in Individual Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• Low-redshift compact star-forming galaxies as analogues of high-redshift star-forming galaxies
• The Mass-Metallicity Relation at z=8: Direct-Method Metallicity Constraints and Near-Future Prospects
• The MOSDEF Survey: Sulfur Emission-line Ratios Provide New Insights into Evolving ISM Conditions at High Redshift
• Exploring HeII$\lambda$1640 emission line properties at $z\sim 2-4$
• The Nature of High ${[\mathrm{OIII}]}_{88\mu \mathrm{m}}$/${[\mathrm{CII}]}_{158\mu \mathrm{m}}$ Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization: Low Carbon Abundance and a Top-Heavy IMF?
• The eventful life of a luminous galaxy at z = 14: metal enrichment, feedback, and low gas fraction?
• Chemical abundance scaling relations for multiple elements in z~2-3 star-forming galaxies
• High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: II. Galaxy line and continuum spectral indices and dust attenuation curves
• Low star formation efficiency in typical galaxies at z=5-6
• The KMOS${}^{3D}$ Survey: Investigating the Origin of the Elevated Electron Densities in Star-Forming Galaxies at $1\lesssim z\lesssim 3$
• New Methods for Identifying Lyman Continuum Leakers and Reionization-Epoch Analogues
• The KLEVER survey: Nitrogen abundances at $z\sim$2 and probing the existence of a fundamental nitrogen relation
• The MOSDEF Survey: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Rest-optical Emission-line Properties of $z\sim 2.3$ Star-forming Galaxies
• Empirical Modeling of the Redshift Evolution of the [NII]/H$\alpha$-ratio for Galaxy Redshift Surveys
• The stellar mass versus stellar metallicity relation of star-forming galaxies at $1.6\le z\le 3.0$ and implications for the evolution of the $\alpha$-enhancement
• The VANDELS survey: Dust attenuation in star-forming galaxies at $\mathbf{z}=3-4$
• Chemodynamics of Green Pea galaxies -- I. Outflows and turbulence driving the escape of ionising photons and chemical enrichment
• JWST/NIRSpec Measurements of the Relationships Between Nebular Emission-line Ratios and Stellar Mass at z~3-6
• The Redshift Evolution of Rest-UV Spectroscopic Properties to z~5
• The HDUV Survey: Six Lyman Continuum Emitter Candidates at z~2 Revealed by HST UV Imaging
• The mass-metallicity relation at z~1-2 and its dependence on star formation rate
• The KBSS-KCWI Survey: The connection between extended Ly$\alpha$ halos and galaxy azimuthal angle at $z\sim 2-3$
• The MOSDEF Survey: The Metallicity Dependence of X-ray Binary Populations at $z\sim 2$
• Predicting Ly$\alpha$ Emission from Galaxies via Empirical Markers of Production and Escape in the KBSS
• Simulating and interpreting deep observations in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field with the JWST/NIRSpec low-resolution 'prism'
• Direct T${}_e$ metallicity calibration of R23 in strong line emitters
• A Preview of JWST Metallicity Studies at Cosmic Noon: The First Detection of Auroral [O II] Emission at High Redshift
• GA-NIFS: High number of dual active galactic nuclei at z~3
• The Extreme Low-mass End of the Mass-Metallicity Relation at $z\sim 7$
• Beyond UVJ: Color Selection of Galaxies in the JWST Era
• Evolution of the Stellar Mass--Metallicity Relation - I: Galaxies in the z~0.4 Cluster Cl0024
• Properties of five z~0.3-0.4 confirmed LyC leakers: VLT/XShooter observations
• Disentangling the physical parameters of gaseous nebulae and galaxies
• Observational constraints on the physical nature of submillimetre source multiplicity: chance projections are common
• The BPT Diagram in Cosmological Galaxy Formation Simulations: Understanding the Physics Driving Offsets at High-Redshift
• CO Emission, Molecular Gas, and Metallicity in Main-Sequence Star-Forming Galaxies at $z\sim 2.3$
• Direct Constraints on the Extremely Metal-Poor Massive Stars Underlying Nebular C IV Emission from Ultra-Deep HST/COS Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
• RELICS: Spectroscopy of gravitationally-lensed $z\simeq 2$ reionization-era analogs and implications for CIII] detections at $z>6$
• The Detection of [O III]$\lambda$4363 in a Lensed, Dwarf Galaxy at $z$ = 2.59: Testing Metallicity Indicators and Scaling Relations at High Redshift and Low Mass
• A comparison of UV and optical metallicities in star-forming galaxies
• Broad-band selection, spectroscopic identification, and physical properties of a population of extreme emission line galaxies at 3<z<3.7
• The MOSDEF Survey: Neon as a Probe of ISM Physical Conditions at High Redshift
• The Circumgalactic Medium of Extreme Emission Line Galaxies at z ~ 2: Resolved Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer Modeling of Spatially Extended Lyman-alpha Emission in the KBSS-KCWI Survey
• CECILIA: The Faint Emission Line Spectrum of z~2-3 Star-forming Galaxies
• Modelling the M*-SFR relation at high redshift: untangling factors driving biases in the intrinsic scatter measurement
• Reconstructing the observed ionizing photon production efficiency at z~2 using stellar population models
• Abundances of CNO elements in z ~ 0.3-0.4 LyC leaking galaxies
• A Unique View of AGN-Driven Molecular Outflows: The Discovery of a Massive Galaxy Counterpart to a $z=2.4$ High-Metallicity Damped Lyman-$\alpha$ Absorber
• MOSEL: Strong [OIII]5007 Å Emitting Galaxies at (3<z<4) from the ZFOURGE Survey
• Revisiting the Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob 1 with Radiative Transfer Modeling in a Multiphase, Clumpy Medium
• What Drives the Redshift Evolution of Strong Emission Line Ratios?
• Physical Properties of Massive Compact Starburst Galaxies with Extreme Outflows
• GA-NIFS: JWST/NIRSpec IFS view of the z~3.5 galaxy GS5001 and its close environment at the core of a large-scale overdensity
• CLEAR: Survey Overview, Data Analysis and Products
• Properties and redshift evolution of star-forming galaxies with high [OIII]/[OII] ratios with MUSE at 0.28<z<0.85
• What drives the scatter of local star-forming galaxies in the BPT diagrams? A Machine Learning based analysis
• Evidence for the Accretion of Gas in Star-Forming Galaxies: High N/O Abundances in Regions of Anomalously-Low Metallicity
• The Detection of Intergalactic Halpha Emission from the Slug Nebula at z~2.3
• LIMFAST. I. A Semi-Numerical Tool for Line Intensity Mapping
• Bridging Optical and Far-Infrared Emission-Line Diagrams of Galaxies from Local to the Epoch of Reionization: Characteristic High [O III] 88 $\mu \mathrm{m}$/SFR at $z>6$
• A Complex Multiphase DLA Associated with a Compact Group at z=2.431 Traces Accretion, Outflows, and Tidal Streams
• VLT/XShooter spectroscopy of Lyman Break Analogs: direct method O/H abundances and nitrogen enhancements
• AGN Feedback in Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon Traced by Ionized Gas Emission
• A spatially resolved analysis of star-formation burstiness by comparing UV and H$\alpha$ in galaxies at z$\sim$1 with UVCANDELS
• The interstellar medium in [OIII]-selected star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 3.2$
• A kpc-scale resolved study of unobscured and obscured star-formation activity in normal galaxies at z = 1.5 and 2.2 from ALMA and HiZELS
• Where Outflows Meet Inflows: Gas Kinematics in SSA22 Lyman-$\alpha$ Blob 2 Decoded by Advanced Radiative Transfer Modelling
• The HETDEX Survey: The Ly$\alpha$ Escape Fraction from 3D-HST Emission Line Galaxies at $z\sim 2$
• The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Investigation of 10 Galaxies at $z\sim 4.5$ with [OII] and [CII] Line Emission $-$ ISM Properties and [OII]$-$SFR Relation
• A Glimpse of the Stellar Populations and Elemental Abundances of Gravitationally Lensed, Quiescent Galaxies at $z\gtrsim 1$ with Keck Deep Spectroscopy
• Imaging Spectroscopy of Ionized Gaseous Nebulae around Optically Faint AGN at Redshift z ~ 2
• The resolved chemical abundance properties within the interstellar medium of star-forming galaxies at $\text{z}\approx 1.5$
• UNCOVERing the High-redshift AGN Population among Extreme UV Line Emitters
• Effects of NII and H$\alpha$ Line Blending on the WFIRST Galaxy Redshift Survey
• Abundant Serendipitous Emission Line Sources with JWST/NIRSpec
• Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Quasars at z $\sim$ 2.2 through H$\alpha$ and Ly$\alpha$ Emission
• Rest-frame UV and optical emission line diagnostics of ionised gas properties: a test case in a star-forming knot of a lensed galaxy at z~1.7
• First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) XII: The consequences of star-dust geometry on galaxies in the EoR
• The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: Probing ISM/CGM Structure of Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2 Using Rest-UV Spectroscopy
• New calibrations for estimating the N/O ratio in HII regions
• Feedback and dynamical masses in high-$z$ galaxies: the advent of high-resolution NIRSpec spectroscopy
• The prospects for observing [OIII] 52 micron emission from galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization
• Modelling emission lines in star forming galaxies
• Evolution of CIV Absorbers. II. Where does CIV live?
• The ALPINE-CRISTAL-JWST Survey: Revealing Less Massive Black Holes in High-Redshift Galaxies
• A novel approach to investigate chemical inhomogeneities in GRB host galaxies: The $Z_{\mathrm{abs}}-Z_{\mathrm{emiss}}$ relation
• The MOSDEF Survey: Calibrating the relationship between H$\alpha$ star-formation rate and radio continuum luminosity at $1.4<z<2.6$
• GA-NIFS: Mapping $z\simeq 3.5$ AGN-driven ionized outflows in the COSMOS field
• A Spatially-Resolved Survey of Distant Quasar Host Galaxies: II. Photoionization and Kinematics of the ISM
• The Star-Forming Interstellar Medium of Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs
• The Direct-Method Oxygen Abundance of Typical Dwarf Galaxies at Cosmic High-Noon
• Applications of Stellar Population Synthesis in the Distant Universe
• NGDEEP: The Star Formation and Ionization Properties of Galaxies at $1.7<z<3.4$
• Extreme [OIII] Emitters at z $\sim$ 0.5
• Reconciling the Results of the z~2 MOSDEF and KBSS-MOSFIRE Surveys
• Effects of binary stellar populations on direct collapse black hole formation
• Ionized gas metallicity of the strong [OIII]λ emission-line compact galaxies in the LAMOST survey
• Euclid preparation. Optical emission-line predictions of intermediate-z galaxy populations in GAEA for the Euclid Deep and Wide Surveys
• H$\alpha$-based Star Formation Rates in and around z $\sim$ 0.5 EDisCS clusters
• The JWST/AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. I. A Diversity of Nebular Attenuation Curves and Evidence for Non-Unity Dust Covering Fractions
• The MOSDEF Survey: Towards a Complete Census of the z ~ 2.3 Star-forming Galaxy Population
• MARTA: Temperature-temperature relationships and strong-line metallicity calibrations from multiple auroral-line detections at cosmic noon
• KBSS-InCLOSE I: Design and First Results from the Inner CGM of QSO Line Of Sight Emitting Galaxies at z~2-3
• The Neon Gap: Probing Ionization with Dwarf Galaxies at z~1
• Active Galactic Nuclei in the Green Valley at z$\sim$0.7
• pop-cosmos: Insights from generative modeling of a deep, infrared-selected galaxy population
• The nebular properties of star-forming galaxies at intermediate redshift from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census
• Cloudy-Maraston: Integrating nebular continuum and line emission with the Maraston stellar population synthesis models
• Addressing the [O III]/H\b{eta} Offset of Dwarf Galaxies in the RESOLVE Survey
• SDSS J1059+4251, a highly magnified z ~ 2.8 star-forming galaxy: ESI observations of the rest-frame UV spectrum
• From VIPERS to SDSS: Unveiling galaxy spectra evolution over 9 Gyr through unsupervised machine-learning
• CECILIA: Ultra-Deep Rest-Optical Spectra of Faint Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
• REBELS-IFU: Spatially Resolved Ionizing Photon Production Efficiencies of 12 Bright Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• The Cliff: A Metal-Poor Little Red Dot Hosting an Overmassive Black Hole at $z=3.55$
• Tracing nitrogen enrichment across cosmic time with JWST
• Multiphase images of a powerful supernova-driven wind in the early Universe
• Lyman-alpha at Cosmic Noon II: The relationship between kinematics and Lyman-alpha in z~2-3 Lyman Break Galaxies
• KURVS: chemical properties from multiple strong line calibrations for star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1.5$
• Near-IR Spectroscopic Studies of Galaxies at z~1-3
• Resolving dust and Lyα emission in a lensed galaxy at the epoch of reionization with JWST/CANUCS
• Nitrogen abundances in star-forming galaxies 2.2 Gyr after the Big Bang are not elevated