The prospects for observing [OIII] 52 micron emission from galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization

Abstract

The [OIII] 88 $\mu$m fine structure emission line has been detected into the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) from star-forming galaxies at redshifts $6<z\lesssim 9$ with ALMA. These measurements provide valuable information regarding the properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) in the highest redshift galaxies discovered thus far. The [OIII] 88 $\mu$m line observations leave, however, a degeneracy between the gas density and metallicity in these systems. Here we quantify the prospects for breaking this degeneracy using future ALMA observations of the [\oiii] 52 $\mu$m line. Among the current set of ten [OIII] 88 $\mu$m emitters at $6<z\lesssim 9$, we forecast 52 $\mu$m detections (at 6-$\sigma$) in SXDF-NB1006-2, B14-6566, J0217-0208, and J1211-0118 within on-source observing times of 2-10 hours, provided their gas densities are larger than about $n_{\mathrm{H}}\gtrsim 10^2-10^3$ cm${}^{-3}$. Other targets generally require much longer integration times for a 6-$\sigma$ detection. Either successful detections of the 52 $\mu$m line, or reliable upper limits, will lead to significantly tighter constraints on ISM parameters. The forecasted improvements are as large as $\sim 3$ dex in gas density and $\sim 1$ dex in metallicity for some regions of parameter space. We suggest SXDF-NB1006-2 as a promising first target for 52 $\mu$m line measurements. We discuss how such measurements will help in understanding the mass metallicity relationship during the EoR.

5 pages, 2 figures. Added new section discussing the potential implications for the mass-metallicity relation

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• Intensity mapping from the sky: synergizing the joint potential of [OIII] and [CII] surveys at reionization
• Diagnosing the interstellar medium of galaxies with far-infrared emission lines II. [C II], [O I], [O III], [N II] and [N III] up to z=6
• Capturing the inside-out quenching by black holes with far-infrared atomic line ratios