Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: galaxy scaling relations, stellar mass functions, and luminosity functions
arXiv:1706.06605 · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty1024
Abstract
We present a suite of cosmological zoom-in simulations at z>5 from the Feedback In Realistic Environments project, spanning a halo mass range M_halo~10^8-10^12 M_sun at z=5. We predict the stellar mass-halo mass relation, stellar mass function, and luminosity function in several bands from z=5-12. The median stellar mass-halo mass relation does not evolve strongly at z=5-12. The faint-end slope of the luminosity function steepens with increasing redshift, as inherited from the halo mass function at these redshifts. Below z~6, the stellar mass function and ultraviolet (UV) luminosity function slightly flatten below M_star~10^4.5 M_sun (fainter than M_1500~-12), owing to the fact that star formation in low-mass halos is suppressed by the ionizing background by the end of reionization. Such flattening does not appear at higher redshifts. We provide redshift-dependent fitting functions for the SFR-M_halo, SFR-M_star, and broad-band magnitude-stellar mass relations. We derive the star formation rate density and stellar mass density at z=5-12 and show that the contribution from very faint galaxies becomes more important at z>8. Furthermore, we find that the decline in the z~6 UV luminosity function brighter than M_1500~-20 is largely due to dust attenuation. Approximately 37% (54%) of the UV luminosity from galaxies brighter than M_1500=-13 (-17) is obscured by dust at z~6. Our results broadly agree with current data and can be tested by future observations.
23 pages, 17 figures, resubmitted to MNRAS after minor revision. The predicted stellar mass functions and luminosity functions are made publicly available (see Appendix C for details)
References in corpus (35)
- UV Luminosity Functions at redshifts z~4 to z~10: 10000 Galaxies from HST Legacy Fields
- FIRE-2 Simulations: Physics versus Numerics in Galaxy Formation
- The effect of photo-ionization on the cooling rates of enriched, astrophysical plasmas
- Cosmic Reionization and Early Star-Forming Galaxies: A Joint Analysis of New Constraints from Planck and Hubble Space Telescope
- A New Calculation of the Ionizing Background Spectrum and the Effects of HeII Reionization
- Massloss of galaxies due to a UV-background
- The effect of massive binaries on stellar populations and supernova progenitors
- The 2013 Release of Cloudy
- Evidence of patchy hydrogen reionization from an extreme Ly trough below redshift six
- The Effects of Stellar Rotation. II. A Comprehensive Set of Starburst99 Models
- Escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization: effects due to supernova feedback and runaway OB stars
- The morphology of HII regions during reionization
- The mass evolution of the first galaxies: stellar mass functions and star formation rates at in the CANDELS GOODS-South field
- The galaxy stellar mass function at 3.5<z<7.5 in the CANDELS/UDS, GOODS-South, and HUDF fields
- Nebular Emission Line Ratios in z~2-3 Star-Forming Galaxies with KBSS-MOSFIRE: Exploring the Impact of Ionization, Excitation, and Nitrogen-to-Oxygen Ratio
- The Galaxy-Halo Connection Over The Last 13.3 Gyrs
- The First Billion Years Project: The escape fraction of ionizing photons in the epoch of reionization
- Gas kinematics, morphology, and angular momentum in the FIRE simulations
- A Simple Technique for Predicting High-Redshift Galaxy Evolution
- A Flat Photoionization Rate at 2<z<4.2: Evidence for a Stellar-Dominated UV Background and Against a Decline of Cosmic Star Formation Beyond z~3
- Introducing the FirstLight project: UV luminosity function and scaling relations of primeval galaxies
- The properties of the first galaxies in the BLUETIDES simulation
- Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes
- The Efficiency of Stellar Reionization: Effects of Rotation, Metallicity, and Initial Mass Function
- The Evolution and Properties of Rotating Massive Star Populations
- The spectral evolution of the first Galaxies. III. Simulated James Webb Space Telescope spectra of reionization-epoch galaxies with Lyman continuum leakage
- Predictions for deep galaxy surveys with JWST from CDM
- Constraining the PopIII IMF with high-z GRBs
- FirstLight II: Star formation rates of primeval galaxies from z=5-15
- Near-Field Limits on the Role of Faint Galaxies in Cosmic Reionization
- Growth of First Galaxies: Impacts of Star Formation and Stellar Feedback
- Scaling Relations for Galaxies Prior to Reionization
- Galaxy formation in the PLANCK cosmology - III. The high-redshift universe
- The Minimum Halo Mass for Star Formation at z = 6 - 8
- What can distant galaxies teach us about massive stars?
Cited by in corpus (125)
- FIRE-2 Simulations: Physics versus Numerics in Galaxy Formation
- CEERS Key Paper I: An Early Look into the First 500 Myr of Galaxy Formation with JWST
- The SPHINX Cosmological Simulations of the First Billion Years: the Impact of Binary Stars on Reionization
- There is No Missing Satellites Problem
- The brightest galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
- A JWST/NIRCam Study of Key Contributors to Reionization: The Star-forming and Ionizing Properties of UV-faint Galaxies
- But What About... Cosmic Rays, Magnetic Fields, Conduction, & Viscosity in Galaxy Formation
- Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST - I. UV luminosity functions at z = 4 - 10
- Galaxy Stellar Mass Functions from z~10 to z~6 using the Deepest Spitzer/IRAC Data: No Significant Evolution in the Stellar-to-Halo Mass Ratio of Galaxies in the First Gyr of Cosmic Time
- High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: Dust modelling and galaxy luminosity functions
- First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) I: Environmental Dependence of High-Redshift Galaxy Evolution
- Public data release of the FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations of galaxy formation
- A New Census of the 0.2 < z < 3.0 Universe, Part I: The Stellar Mass Function
- No missing photons for reionization: moderate ionizing photon escape fractions from the FIRE-2 simulations
- Virialization of the inner CGM in the FIRE simulations and implications for galaxy discs, star formation and feedback
- Dust attenuation, dust emission, and dust temperature in galaxies at z>=5: a view from the FIRE-2 simulations
- A Census of the Bright z=8.5-11 Universe with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes in the CANDELS Fields
- Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- II. physical properties and scaling relations for galaxies at z = 4-10
- Radiative Stellar Feedback in Galaxy Formation: Methods and Physics
- The physics of Lyman-alpha escape from high-redshift galaxies
- FIREbox: Simulating galaxies at high dynamic range in a cosmological volume
- Constraining Non-Cold Dark Matter Models with the Global 21-cm Signal
- The assembly of dusty galaxies at : statistical properties
- The ALMA REBELS Survey: The Dust-obscured Cosmic Star Formation Rate Density at Redshift 7
- Self-consistent proto-globular cluster formation in cosmological simulations of high-redshift galaxies
- A survey of high- galaxies: SERRA simulations
- Galaxy Build-up in the first 1.5 Gyr of Cosmic History: Insights from the Stellar Mass Function at from JWST NIRCam Observations
- How to Quench a Dwarf Galaxy: The Impact of Inhomogeneous Reionization on Dwarf Galaxies and Cosmic Filaments
- First Light And Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) II: The Photometric Properties of High-Redshift Galaxies
- Predictions for the spatial distribution of the dust continuum emission in 1<z<5 star-forming galaxies
- Legacy of star formation in the pre-reionization universe
- A tale of two sites -- I: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies from current observations
- The Formation Times and Building Blocks of Milky Way-mass Galaxies in the FIRE Simulations
- Semi-analytic forecasts for JWST -- IV. Implications for cosmic reionization and LyC escape fraction
- Cosmic-Ray Driven Outflows to Mpc Scales from Galaxies
- Obscured star-formation in bright z ~ 7 Lyman-break galaxies
- Simulating galaxies in the reionization era with FIRE-2: morphologies and sizes
- Mini-quenching of galaxies by bursty star formation
- Seeds Don't Sink: Even Massive Black Hole "Seeds" Cannot Migrate to Galaxy Centers Efficiently
- Results from EDGES High-Band: III. New Constraints on Parameters of the Early Universe
- Bursty star formation during the Cosmic Dawn driven by delayed stellar feedback
- Dynamical characterization of galaxies up to
- EPOCHS IV: SED Modelling Assumptions and their impact on the Stellar Mass Function at 6.5 < z < 13.5 using PEARLS and public JWST observations
- Identification of a transition from stochastic to secular star formation around with JWST
- FirstLight II: Star formation rates of primeval galaxies from z=5-15
- Predicting FIR lines from simulated galaxies
- Galactic ionising photon budget during the Epoch of Reionisation in the Cosmic Dawn II simulation
- High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: II. Galaxy line and continuum spectral indices and dust attenuation curves
- Origins Space Telescope Mission Concept Study Report
- Low star formation efficiency in typical galaxies at z=5-6
- The assembly of dusty galaxies at : the build-up of stellar mass and its scaling relations with hints from early JWST data
- Early results from GLASS-JWST. X: Rest-frame UV-optical properties of galaxies at 7 < z < 9
- Dissipative Dark Matter on FIRE: I. Structural and kinematic properties of dwarf galaxies
- Exploring the epoch of hydrogen reionization using FRBs
- Realistic mock observations of the sizes and stellar mass surface densities of massive galaxies in FIRE-2 zoom-in simulations
- Photometric properties of reionization-epoch galaxies in the Simba simulations
- A tale of two sites -- II: Inferring the properties of minihalo-hosted galaxies with upcoming 21-cm interferometers
- High redshift JWST predictions from IllustrisTNG: III. Infrared luminosity functions, obscured star formation and dust temperature of high-redshift galaxies
- Dark Matter microphysics and 21 cm observations
- Neutral CGM as damped Lyα absorbers at high redshift
- The Impact of Dust on the Sizes of Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
- Elevated UV luminosity density at Cosmic Dawn explained by non-evolving, weakly mass-dependent star formation efficiency
- FirstLight III: Rest-frame UV-optical spectral energy distributions of simulated galaxies at cosmic dawn
- The Extreme Low-mass End of the Mass-Metallicity Relation at
- Massive disc galaxies in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations are too dark matter-dominated
- Radiative properties of the first galaxies: rapid transition between blue and red
- Is it possible to reconcile extragalactic IMF variations with a universal Milky Way IMF?
- Unveiling the contribution of Pop III stars in primeval galaxies at redshift
- Primordial Black Holes as Dark Matter: Constraints From Compact Ultra-Faint Dwarfs
- Probing Cosmic Dawn: Modelling the Assembly History, SEDs, and Dust Content of Selected Galaxies
- Balmer Break Galaxy Candidates at : a Potential View on the Star-Formation Activity at
- JADES: Balmer Decrement Measurements at redshifts 4 < z < 7
- Redshift-dependent galaxy formation efficiency at in the FirstLight simulations
- 21-cm observations and warm dark matter models
- The Spitzer/IRAC Legacy over the GOODS Fields: Full-Depth 3.6, 4.5, 5.8 and 8.0um Mosaics and Photometry for > 9000 Galaxies at z~3.5-10 from the GOODS Re-ionization Era wide-Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS)
- Signature of the first galaxies in JWST deep field observations
- The galaxy-halo size relation of low-mass galaxies in FIRE
- A New Discrete Dynamical Friction Estimator Based on -body Simulations
- Predicting sub-millimeter flux densities from global galaxy properties
- DUSTiER (DUST in the Epoch of Reionization): dusty galaxies in cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of the Epoch of Reionization with RAMSES-CUDATON
- Constraints on Primordial Power Spectrum from Galaxy Luminosity Functions
- Shot noise and scatter in the star formation efficiency as a source of 21-cm fluctuations
- Balmer breaks in simulated galaxies at z>6
- Exploiting synergies between JWST and cosmic 21-cm observations to uncover star formation in the early Universe
- The importance of stochasticity in determining galaxy emissivities and UV LFs during cosmic dawn and reionization
- The UV luminosity functions of Bright z>8 Galaxies: Determination from ~0.41 deg2 of HST Observations along ~sim 300 independent sightlines
- Prospects for 21cm-Galaxy Cross-Correlations with HERA and the Roman High-Latitude Survey
- Anatomy of an ionized bubble: NIRCam grism spectroscopy of the double-peaked Lyman- emitter COLA1 and its environment
- Exploring Simulated Early Star Formation in the Context of the Ultrafaint Dwarf Galaxies
- Cosmic Reionization On Computers: The Galaxy-Halo Connection between
- The galaxy - halo connection in low mass halos
- POLAR -- I: linking the 21-cm signal from the epoch of reionization to galaxy formation
- Bubble mapping with the Square Kilometer Array -- I. Detecting galaxies with Euclid, JWST, WFIRST and ELT within ionized bubbles in the intergalactic medium at z>6
- DIGS: Deep Inference of Galaxy Spectra with Neural Posterior Estimation
- A partial inventory of observational anisotropies in single-dish line-intensity mapping
- The THESAN-ZOOM project: central starbursts and inside-out quenching govern galaxy sizes in the early Universe
- Dwarf galaxies as a probe of a primordially magnetized Universe
- FirstLight IV: Diversity in sub-L galaxies at cosmic dawn
- A Dusty Dawn: Galactic Dust Buildup at
- A [C II] 158m Emitter Associated with an OI Absorber at the End of the Reionization Epoch
- Abundance matching for low mass galaxies in the CDM and FDM models
- Exploring the Correlation between -to-UV Ratio and Burstiness for Typical Star-forming Galaxies at
- On the Origin of the High Star-Formation Efficiency in Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn
- Explaining the Weak Evolution of the High-Redshift Mass-Metallicity Relation with Galaxy Burst Cycles
- The THESAN-ZOOM project: Star-formation efficiencies in high-redshift galaxies
- Probing Reionization-Era Galaxies with JWST UV Luminosity Functions and Large-Scale Clustering
- Impact of star formation models on the growth of simulated galaxies at high redshifts
- The THESAN-ZOOM project: Star formation efficiency from giant molecular clouds to galactic scale in high-redshift starbursts
- A SPectroscopic survey of biased halos In the Reionization Era (ASPIRE): JWST Discovers an Overdensity around a Metal Absorption-selected Galaxy at
- Two Channels of Metal-Rich Compact Stellar System Formation: Starbursts under High Ram Pressure versus Tidal Stripping
- Dynamical Properties of Molecular-forming Gas Clumps in Galaxies at the Epoch of Reionization
- The Effect of Warm Dark Matter on Early Star Formation Histories of Massive Galaxies: Predictions from the CROC Simulations
- Lyman continuum leakage versus quenching with the James Webb Space Telescope: The spectral signatures of quenched star formation activity in reionization-epoch galaxies
- Clues to the nature of dark matter from first galaxies
- Searching for [CII] Emission from the First Sample of OI Absorption-Associated Galaxies with ALMA
- Survivors and Zombies: The Quenching and Disruption of Satellites around Milky Way Analogs
- Physical Processes Behind the Co-Evolution of Halos, Galaxies and Supermassive Black Holes in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
- Growth and Feedback from the First Black Holes
- oLIMpus: An Effective Model for Line Intensity Mapping Auto- and Cross- Power Spectra in Cosmic Dawn and Reionization
- Predicting far-infrared maps of galaxies via machine learning techniques
- A New Residual Distribution Hydrodynamics Solver for Astrophysical Simulations
- Constraints on the galaxy formation models during epoch of reionization with high redshift observations
- Dark Secrets of Baryons: Illuminating Dark Matter-Baryon Interactions with JWST
- Rise of the forsaken relics: connecting present-day stellar streams and phase-mixed galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization
- A quantitative assessment of completeness correction methods and public release of a versatile simulation code