The mass evolution of the first galaxies: stellar mass functions and star formation rates at $4<z<7$ in the CANDELS GOODS-South field

Abstract

We measure new estimates for the galaxy stellar mass function and star formation rates for samples of galaxies at $z\sim 4,5,6\&7$ using data in the CANDELS GOODS South field. The deep near-infrared observations allow us to construct the stellar mass function at $z\ge 6$ directly for the first time. We estimate stellar masses for our sample by fitting the observed spectral energy distributions with synthetic stellar populations, including nebular line and continuum emission. The observed UV luminosity functions for the samples are consistent with previous observations, however we find that the observed $M_{UV}$ - M${}_{\ast }$ relation has a shallow slope more consistent with a constant mass to light ratio and a normalisation which evolves with redshift. Our stellar mass functions have steep low-mass slopes ($\alpha \approx -1.9$), steeper than previously observed at these redshifts and closer to that of the UV luminosity function. Integrating our new mass functions, we find the observed stellar mass density evolves from ${\log }_{10}{\rho }_{\ast }=6.64_{-0.89}^{+0.58}$ at $z\sim 7$ to $7.36\pm 0.06$ ${\text{M}}_{\odot }{\text{Mpc}}^{-3}$ at $z\sim 4$. Finally, combining the measured UV continuum slopes ($\beta$) with their rest-frame UV luminosities, we calculate dust corrected star-formation rates (SFR) for our sample. We find the specific star-formation rate for a fixed stellar mass increases with redshift whilst the global SFR density falls rapidly over this period. Our new SFR density estimates are higher than previously observed at this redshift.

arXiv comment28 pages, 23 figures, 2 appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS, August 7 2014

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• Characterising the signatures of star-forming galaxies in the extra-galactic $\gamma$-ray background
• Dark-ages Reionization and Galaxy Formation Simulation - XIII. AGN quenching of high-redshift star formation in ZF-COSMOS-20115
• Effects of self-consistent rest-ultraviolet colours in semi-empirical galaxy formation models
• Low-Surface-Brightness Galaxies are missing in the observed Stellar Mass Function
• CANDELS Meets GSWLC: Evolution of the Relationship Between Morphology and Star Formation Since z = 2
• The Effects of Metallicity and Abundance Pattern of the ISM on Supernova Feedback
• The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields -- Data Release 1: IV. Photometric redshifts and stellar masses
• The evolution of the UV luminosity and stellar mass functions of Lyman-alpha emitters from z~2 to z~6
• The clustering and halo occupation distribution of Lyman-break galaxies at $z\sim 4$
• Conditions for direct black hole seed collapse near a radio-loud quasar 1 Gyr after the Big Bang
• HST F160W Imaging of Very Massive Galaxies at $1.5<z<3.0$: Diversity of Structures and the Effect of Close Pairs on Number Density Estimates
• The host galaxies of micro-Jansky radio sources
• Metal enrichment signatures of the first stars on high-z DLAs
• The UV spectral slope beta and stellar population of most active star-forming galaxies at z~4
• Abundant Serendipitous Emission Line Sources with JWST/NIRSpec
• FirstLight IV: Diversity in sub-L${}_{\ast }$ galaxies at cosmic dawn
• Degeneracies between baryons and dark matter: the challenge of constraining the nature of dark matter with JWST
• High redshift galaxies in the ALHAMBRA survey: I. selection method and number counts based on redshift PDFs
• Deep Spitzer/IRAC Data for z~10 galaxies Reveal Blue Balmer Break Colors: Young Stellar Populations at ~500 Myr of Cosmic Time
• The ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the HUDF: Constraining the Molecular Content at $\log (M_{\ast }/M_{\odot })\sim 9.5$ with CO stacking of MUSE detected $z\sim 1.5$ Galaxies
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation XI: Clustering and halo masses of high redshift galaxies
• The high-redshift Universe with Spitzer
• Cosmic history of integrated galactic stellar initial mass function : a simulation study
• Cosmic Reionization On Computers. Ultraviolet Continuum Slopes and Dust Opacities in High Redshift Galaxies
• Reconciling Mass Functions with the Star-Forming Main Sequence Via Mergers
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• The Baryon Cycle at High Redshifts: Effects of Galactic Winds on Galaxy Evolution in Overdense and Average Regions
• A model for the infrared-radio correlation of main-sequence galaxies at GHz frequencies and its variation on redshift and stellar mass
• The Stellar-mass Function of Long Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies
• The star-forming main sequence and the contribution of dust-obscured star formation since $z\sim 4$ from the FUV+IR luminosity functions
• The extragalactic $\gamma$-ray background: imprints from the physical properties and evolution of star-forming galaxy populations
• Star Formation Rate Function at $z\sim 4.5$: An Analysis from rest UV to Optical
• Probing the nature of Dark Matter through the metal enrichment of the intergalactic medium
• LOFAR properties of SILVERRUSH Ly$\alpha$ emitter candidates in the ELAIS-N1 field
• Explaining JWST star formation history at $z\sim 17$ by modifying $\Lambda$CDM
• Dark-ages reionization and galaxy formation simulation - IX. Economics of reionizing galaxies
• New radio constraints on the obscured star formation rates of massive GRB hosts at redshifts 2-3.5
• Gamma-Ray Burst Host Galaxies: Specific Star Formation Rate vs. Metallicity
• First Light and Reionisation Epoch Simulations (FLARES) X: Environmental Galaxy Bias and Survey Variance at High Redshift
• Modelling the escape of Lyman Continuum photons from galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization
• Star formation history of $0.1\le \text{z}\le 1.5$ mass-selected galaxies in the ELAIS-N1 Field
• Constraints on Primordial Magnetic Fields from High Redshift Stellar Mass Density
• Constraints on dynamically-formed massive black holes in Little Red Dots from X-ray non-detections
• From Halos to Galaxies. X: Decoding Galaxy SEDs with Physical Priors and Accurate Star Formation History Reconstruction
• Euclid preparation: TBD. Cosmic Dawn Survey: evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function across 0.2<z<6.5 measured over 10 square degrees
• The metallicity dependence of long-duration gamma-ray bursts
• Rise of the forsaken relics: connecting present-day stellar streams and phase-mixed galaxies to the Epoch of Reionization
• The Nature of Hyperluminous Infrared Galaxies
• Black Hole merger rates in the first billion years in light of JWST data
• Theoretical considerations for star formation at low and high redshift
• A Simulation Driven Deep Learning Approach for Separating Mergers and Star Forming Galaxies: The Formation Histories of Clumpy Galaxies in all the CANDELS Fields
• The 21-cm signal from the Cosmic Dawn: metallicity dependence of high mass X-ray binaries
• An empirical model of the extragalactic radio background