Unbiased Differential Size Evolution and the Inside-Out Growth of Galaxies in the Deep CANDELS GOODS Fields at $1\le z\le 7$

Abstract

We present a size analysis of a sample of $\sim$ 49,000 galaxies from the CANDELS GOODS North and South fields using redshift-independent relative surface brightness metrics to determine an unbiased measure of the differential size evolution of galaxies at $1\le z\le 7$. We introduce a novel method of removing foreground objects from distant galaxy ($z>3$) images that makes use of the Lyman-break at 912Å, in what we call `2-D Lyman-Break Imaging'. The images used are in the rest-frame optical at $z<3$ and progressively bluer bands at $z>3$. They are therefore subject to K-correction and cosmological dimming effects which are tested and corrected for. We separately consider a mass-selected sample (with masses in the range 10${}^9$M${}_{\odot }$$\le$M${}_{\ast }$$\le$10${}^{10.5}$M${}_{\odot }$) and a number density selected sample (using a constant number density of $n=1\times 10^{-4}$Mpc${}^{-3}$). Instead of utilising the commonly used, but potentially biased, effective radii for size measurements, we measure the redshift-independent Petrosian radius, defined by the parameter $\eta$, for each galaxy for three values of $\eta$ and use this as a proxy for size. The evolution of the measured radii can be described by a power-law of the form $R_{Petr}=\alpha (1+z{)}^{\beta }$kpc where $\beta <0$. We find that the outer radius increases more rapidly, suggesting that as a galaxy grows mass is added to its outer regions via an inside-out growth. This growth is stronger for the number density selected sample, with a growth rate of nearly three in the outer radii compared to the inner. We test and confirm these results using a series of image simulations.

16 pages, 11 figures

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• COSMOS-Web: Galaxy Size and Surface Brightness Evolution at Rest-Frame 1.22 $\mu$m Since $z=3$