A redshift-independent efficiency model: star formation and stellar masses in dark matter halos at z>4

Abstract

We explore the connection between the UV luminosity functions (LFs) of high-$z$ galaxies and the distribution of stellar masses and star-formation histories (SFHs) in their host dark matter halos. We provide a baseline for a redshift-independent star-formation efficiency model to which observations and models can be compared. Our model assigns a star-formation rate (SFR) to each dark matter halo based on the growth rate of the halo and a redshift-independent star-formation efficiency. The dark matter halo accretion rate is obtained from a high-resolution $N$-body simulation in order to capture the stochasticity in accretion histories and to obtain spatial information for the distribution of galaxies. The halo mass dependence of the star-formation efficiency is calibrated at $z=4$ by requiring a match to the observed UV LF at this redshift. The model then correctly predicts the observed UV LF at $z=5-10$. We present predictions for the UV luminosity and stellar mass functions, \textit{JWST} number counts, and SFHs. In particular, we find a stellar-to-halo mass relation at $z=4-10$ that scales with halo mass at $M_{\mathrm{h}}<10^{11}{M}_{\odot }$ as $M_{\star }\propto M_{\mathrm{h}}^2$, with a normalization that is higher than the relation inferred at $z=0$. The average SFRs increase as a function of time to $z=4$, although there is significant scatter around the average: about 6\% of the $z=4$ galaxies show no significant mass growth. Using these SFHs, we present redshift-dependent UV-to-SFR conversion factors, mass return fractions, and mass-to-light ratios for different intial mass functions and metallicities, finding that current estimates of the cosmic SFR density at $z\sim 10$ may be overestimated by $\sim 0.1-0.2\mathrm{dex}$.

arXiv comment28 pages with 17 figures + appendix, accepted for publication in ApJ

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• Constraints on the early Universe star formation efficiency from galaxy clustering and halo modeling of H$\alpha$ and [O III] emitters
• How feedback shapes galaxies: an analytic model
• The First Billion Years in Seconds: An Effective Model for the 21-cm Signal with Population III Stars
• Tracing the galaxy-halo connection with galaxy clustering in COSMOS-Web from z = 0.1 to z ~ 12
• ΛCDM is still not broken: empirical constraints on the star formation efficiency at z ~ 12-30
• Stochastic Processes as the Origin of the Double-Power Law Shape of the Quasar Luminosity Function
• Degeneracies between baryons and dark matter: the challenge of constraining the nature of dark matter with JWST
• The high-redshift tail of stellar reionization in LCDM is beyond the reach of the low-$\ell$ CMB
• Signatures of Rapidly Rotating Stars with Chemically Homogeneous Evolution in the First Galaxies
• Deep Spitzer/IRAC Data for z~10 galaxies Reveal Blue Balmer Break Colors: Young Stellar Populations at ~500 Myr of Cosmic Time
• Impact of stellar population synthesis choices on forward modelling-based redshift distribution estimates
• Searching for the connection between ionizing-photon escape and the surface density of star formation at z~3
• The first GLIMPSE of the faint galaxy population at Cosmic Dawn with JWST: The evolution of the ultraviolet luminosity function across z~9-15
• Not Hydro: Using Neural Networks to estimate galaxy properties on a Dark-Matter-Only simulation
• Exploring Cosmic Dawn with PANORAMIC I: The Bright End of the UVLF at $z\sim 9-17$
• Can Early Dark Energy be Probed by the High-Redshift Galaxy Abundance?
• The formation of compact dwarf ellipticals through merging star clusters
• The star-forming main sequence and the contribution of dust-obscured star formation since $z\sim 4$ from the FUV+IR luminosity functions
• Effects of feedback-free starburst galaxies on the 21-cm signal and reionization history
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Star-formation efficiencies in high-redshift galaxies
• The Hα Luminosity Function of Galaxies at z {\sim} 4.5
• The THESAN-ZOOM project: Star formation efficiency from giant molecular clouds to galactic scale in high-redshift starbursts
• A stochastic model to reproduce the star-formation history of individual galaxies in hydrodynamic simulations
• Probing Reionization-Era Galaxies with JWST UV Luminosity Functions and Large-Scale Clustering
• When relics were made: vigorous stellar rotation and low dark matter content in the massive ultra-compact galaxy GS-9209 at z=4.66
• Calibrating excursion set reionization models to approximately conserve ionizing photons
• Rapid and Late Cosmic Reionization Driven by Massive Galaxies: a Joint Analysis of Constraints from 21-cm, Lyman Line & CMB Data Sets
• Modelling the mass accretion histories of dark matter haloes using a Gamma formalism
• The dark side of early galaxies: $\text{geko}$ uncovers dark-matter fractions at $z\sim 4-6$
• Observing EAGLE galaxies with JWST: predictions for Milky Way progenitors and their building blocks
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• Investigating cosmic strings using large-volume hydrodynamical simulations in the context of JWST's massive UV-bright galaxies
• Galaxy formation from a timescale perspective
• Signatures of reionization feedback in the near-infrared background
• Galaxy assembly bias and large-scale distribution: a comparison between IllustrisTNG and a semi-analytic model
• JADES Dark Horse: demonstrating high-multiplex observations with JWST/NIRSpec dense-shutter spectroscopy in the JADES Origins Field
• Relatively Fast and Reasonably Furious: Evidence for Increased Burstiness in Smaller Halos at Cosmic Dawn
• Narrowing the discovery space of the cosmological 21-cm signal using multi-wavelength constraints
• The Diversity of Environments Around Luminous Quasars at Redshift $z\sim 6$
• Primordial Black Hole Mergers as Probes of Dark Matter in Galactic Center
• Ultraviolet photon production rates of the first stars: Impact on the He II $\lambda$ 1640 Å emission line from primordial star clusters and the 21-cm signal from cosmic dawn
• Dark energy, spatial curvature, and star formation efficiency from JWST photometric and spectroscopic high-redshift galaxies
• A physically-motivated template set for high-z galaxy SED fitting
• Revealing the formation histories of the first stars with the cosmic near-infrared background
• Gas of thin tubes of massless scalar field as a possible model of unified dark fluid
• It is Feasible to Directly Measure Black Hole Masses in the First Galaxies
• A quantitative assessment of completeness correction methods and public release of a versatile simulation code
• Finding High-Redshift Galaxies with JWST
• The Baryon Budget of Galaxies across the First Billion Years
• Dwarf stellar haloes: a powerful probe of small-scale galaxy formation and the nature of dark matter
• Probing power spectrum enhancement at small scales with the SKA
• The Cosmic Rush Hour: Rapid Formation of Bright, Massive, Disky, Star-Forming Galaxies as Signatures of Early-Universe Physics
• pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue