Observing EAGLE galaxies with JWST: predictions for Milky Way progenitors and their building blocks

Abstract

We present predictions, derived from the EAGLE LCDM cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, for the abundance and properties of galaxies expected to be detected at high redshift by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We consider the galaxy population as a whole and focus on the sub-population of progenitors of Milky Way (MW) analogues, defined to be galaxies with accretion histories similar to the MW's, that is, galaxies that underwent a merger resembling the Gaia-Enceladus-Sausage (GES) event and that contain an analogue of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) satellite today. We derive the luminosity function of all EAGLE galaxies in JWST NIRCam passbands, in the redshift range z=2-8, taking into account dust obscuration and different exposure times. For an exposure time of $T=10^5$s, average MW progenitors are observable as far back as z~6 in most bands, and this changes to z~5 and z~4 for the GES and LMC progenitors, respectively. The progenitors of GES and LMC analogues are, on average, ~2 and ~1 mag fainter than the MW progenitors at most redshifts. They lie, on average, within ~60 and ~30 arcsec, respectively, of their future MW host at all times, and thus will appear within the field-of-view of JWST NIRCam. We conclude that galaxies resembling the main progenitor of the MW and its major accreted components should be observable with JWST beyond redshift 2, providing a new and unique window in studying the formation history of our own galaxy.

17 page, 16 figures. Published in MNRAS

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• Galactic Archaeology with Gaia
• Exploring the diversity and similarity of radially anisotropic Milky Way-like stellar haloes: implications for disrupted dwarf galaxy searches
• From order to chaos: the blurred out metallicity gradient of the Gaia-Enceladus/Sausage progenitor
• The progenitor galaxies of stellar haloes as "failed" Milky Ways