Too big to fail? The puzzling darkness of massive Milky Way subhaloes

Abstract

We show that dissipationless LCDM simulations predict that the majority of the most massive subhaloes of the Milky Way are too dense to host any of its bright satellites (L_V > 10^5 L_sun). These dark subhaloes have circular velocities at infall of 30-70 km/s and infall masses of [0.2-4] x 10^10 M_sun. Unless the Milky Way is a statistical anomaly, this implies that galaxy formation becomes effectively stochastic at these masses. This is in marked contrast to the well-established monotonic relation between galaxy luminosity and halo circular velocity (or halo mass) for more massive haloes. We show that at least two (and typically four) of these massive dark subhaloes are expected to produce a larger dark matter annihilation flux than Draco. It may be possible to circumvent these conclusions if baryonic feedback in dwarf satellites or different dark matter physics can reduce the central densities of massive subhaloes by order unity on a scale of 0.3 - 1 kpc.

6 pages, 5 figures; matches version accepted by MNRAS Letters

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• Cosmological Zoom-In Simulations of Milky Way Host Mass Dark Matter Halos with a Blue-Tilted Primordial Power Spectrum
• Constraining light fermionic dark matter with binary pulsars
• Caught in the cosmic web: environmental effects on subhalo abundance and internal density profiles
• Neutrinos in Astrophysics and Cosmology: Theoretical Advanced Study Institute (TASI) 2020 Lectures
• Halo heating from fluctuating gas in a model dwarf
• Barions and $\Lambda$CDM Model Problems
• Neutrino masses and self-interacting dark matter with mass mixing $Z-Z^{\prime }$ gauge portal
• Densities and mass assembly histories of the Milky Way satellites are not a challenge to $\Lambda$CDM
• Dark mesons as self-interacting dark matter
• Kinetic recoupling of dark matter
• Feedback from intermediate mass black holes on dwarf galaxy morphology at z=2
• Numerical Simulations of the Dark Universe: State of the Art and the Next Decade
• Revisiting Puffy Dark Matter with Novel Insights: Partial Wave Analysis
• Born to be Starless: Revisiting the Missing Satellite Problem
• Non-thermal warm dark matter limits from small-scale structure
• Self-interacting dark matter as a solution to the problems in small-scale structures
• Testing extensions to LCDM on small scales with forthcoming cosmic shear surveys
• DARKSKIES: A suite of super-sampled zoom-in simulations of galaxy clusters with self-interacting dark matter
• Cluster density slopes from Dark Matter-Baryons Energy Transfer
• The THESAN project: environmental drivers of Local Group reionization
• Co-interacting dark matter and conformally coupled light scalars
• A new perspective on galactic dynamics
• Confronting global 21-cm signal with ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ symmetric dark matter models
• Scalar Field Dark Matter: Impact of Supernovae-driven blowouts on the soliton structure of low mass dark matter halos
• On the radial acceleration of disk galaxies
• Dynamical origin of neutrino masses and dark matter from a new confining sector
• Ultra-light dark matter with non-canonical kinetics reopening the mass window
• Dark Matter and Fundamental Physics Searches with IACTs
• The Effective Field Theory of Large Scale Structures of a Fuzzy Dark Matter Universe
• Construction of fuzzy dark matter halos with arbitrary initial velocities
• Lensed fast radio bursts as a probe of time-varying gravitational potential induced by wave dark matter
• MOND-like behavior in the Dirac-Milne universe -- Flat rotation curves and mass/velocity relations in galaxies and clusters
• 3-3-1 Self Interacting Dark Matter and the Galaxy Core-Cusp problem
• Linearity: galaxy formation encounters an unanticipated empirical relation
• Core collapse in resonant self-interacting dark matter across two decades in halo mass
• Too small to succeed: the difficulty of sustaining star formation in low-mass haloes
• The Upper Bound of the Second Higgs Boson Mass in Minimal Gauge Mediation with the Gravitino Warm Dark Matter
• Metamorphosis of dwarf halo density profile under dark matter decays
• Chameleon Gravity as an Alternative to Dark Matter
• MONDian predictions for Newtonian M/L ratios for ultrafaint dSphs
• The Sterile-Active Neutrino Flavor Model: the Imprint of Dark Matter on the Electron Neutrino Spectra
• Gravitational SIMPs
• A hierarchical clustering method for quantifying satellite abundance
• WIMP decay as a possible Warm Dark Matter model
• "Observations" of simulated dwarf galaxies: Star-formation histories from color-magnitude diagrams
• Nearest neighbour analysis as a new probe for fuzzy dark matter
• Measuring the boson mass of fuzzy dark matter with stellar proper motions
• A Relativistic Tensorial Model for Fractional Interaction between Dark Matter and Gravity
• Dynamics of Dwarf Galaxies in Scalar-Tensor-Vector-Gravity
• Subhalo abundance and satellite spatial distribution in Milky Way-Andromeda-like paired haloes
• Cross Section Calculations in Theories of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Strongly-interacting massive particle and dark photon in the era of intensity frontier
• Asymmetric Reheating by Primordial Black Holes
• Dark matter haloes in the multicomponent model. III. From dwarfs to galaxy clusters
• Impact of Gravitational Slingshot of Dark Matter on Galactic Halo Profiles
• On a critical acceleration scale of dark matter in Lambda-CDM and dynamical dark energy
• Compact Groups in GDM Cosmological Simulations
• Milky Way Satellite Census. IV. Constraints on Decaying Dark Matter from Observations of Milky Way Satellite Galaxies
• Probing non-thermal light DM with structure formation and $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$
• CASCO: Cosmological and AStrophysical parameters from Cosmological simulations and Observations IV. Testing warm dark matter cosmologies with galaxy scaling relations: A joint simulation-observation study using DREAMS simulations
• Spectral distortions in the decaying QCD dark matter scenario
• Structure Formation with Dark Magnetohydrodynamics
• Constraining the shape of Milky Way satellites with distance gradients
• Dark Matter Self Interactions and its Impact on Large Scale Structures
• Galactic magnetic fields seeded by ultralight dark photons
• Producing and constraining self-interacting hidden sector dark matter
• CROCODILE-DWARF: Assembly and Kinematics of Field Dwarf Galaxies with GADGET4-OSAKA
• What can the outskirts of galaxies tell us about dark matter?
• Understanding disk galaxy rotation velocities without dark matter contribution--a physical process for MOND?
• Towards a theory of dissipative Dark Matter I: the Born limit
• Implications of the correlation between bulge-to-total baryonic mass ratio and the number of satellites for SAGA galaxies
• Some properties of doubly-degenerate stars
• Overview of the ESCAPE Dark Matter Test Science Project for Astronomers
• Scalar field theory for warm dark matter
• Addressing the too-big-to-fail problem and the void phenomenon through a modified initial power spectrum
• Comparison of simulations and semi-analytical model for WDM subhalo mass functions
• The Exploration of Local VolumE Satellites (ELVES) Survey: A Nearly Volume-Limited Sample of Nearby Dwarf Satellite Systems
• Boosting (In)direct Detection of Dark Matter
• Investigating the Impacts of AGN Activities on Dwarf Galaxies with FAST HI Observations
• A Mass Dependent Density Profile from Dwarfs to Clusters
• Testing MOND using the dynamics of nearby stellar streams
• On the absence of a universal surface density, and a maximum Newtonian acceleration in dark matter haloes: consequences for MOND
• Merging Galaxy Clusters and the Search for New Physics of Dark Matter: A Review
• Structure Formation under Inelastic Two-Component Dark Matter: Halo Statistics and Matter Power Spectra in the High-$z$ Universe
• Halo structure and lensing signatures of a polytropic dark matter fluid