Challenges for $\Lambda$CDM: An update

Abstract

A number of challenges to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model have been emerging during the past few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss in a unified manner many existing signals in cosmological and astrophysical data that appear to be in some tension ($2\sigma$ or larger) with the standard $\Lambda$CDM model as specified by the Cosmological Principle, General Relativity and the Planck18 parameter values. In addition to the well-studied $5\sigma$ challenge of $\Lambda$CDM (the Hubble $H_0$ tension) and other well known tensions (the growth tension, and the lensing amplitude $A_L$ anomaly), we discuss a wide range of other less discussed less-standard signals which appear at a lower statistical significance level than the $H_0$ tension some of them known as 'curiosities' in the data) which may also constitute hints towards new physics. For example such signals include cosmic dipoles (the fine structure constant $\alpha$, velocity and quasar dipoles), CMB asymmetries, BAO Ly$\alpha$ tension, age of the Universe issues, the Lithium problem, small scale curiosities like the core-cusp and missing satellite problems, quasars Hubble diagram, oscillating short range gravity signals etc. The goal of this pedagogical review is to collectively present the current status (2022 update) of these signals and their level of significance, with emphasis on the Hubble tension and refer to recent resources where more details can be found for each signal. We also briefly discuss theoretical approaches that can potentially explain some of these signals.

106 pages, 22 figures, 7 tables. 2022 update (updated tables, figures, models and model constraints). Comments and suggestions for next version are welcome

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• Hints of Modified Gravity in Cosmos and in the Lab?
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• A Bayesian comparison between $\Lambda$CDM and phenomenologically emergent dark energy models
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• Weakening Gravity on Redshift-Survey Scales with Kinetic Matter Mixing
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• The Vast Polar Structure of the Milky Way Attains New Members
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• The size of our causal Universe
• Reconstruction of the dark sectors' interaction: A model-independent inference and forecast from GW standard sirens
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• Is the dark energy equation of state parameter singular?
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• Sign Switching in Dark Sector Coupling Interactions as a Candidate for Resolving Cosmological Tensions
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• Quantifying the global "CMB tension" between the Atacama Cosmology Telescope and the Planck satellite in extended models of cosmology
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• Cosmological Perturbation Theory in Metric-Affine Gravity
• Planck-PR4 anisotropy spectra show (better) consistency with General Relativity
• Alleviating the Hubble-constant tension and the growth tension via a transition of absolute magnitude favored by the Pantheon+ sample
• Neural network reconstruction of cosmology using the Pantheon compilation
• Non-Linear Matter Power Spectrum Modeling in Interacting Dark Energy Cosmologies
• Alleviating $H_0$ tension in scalar-tensor and bi-scalar-tensor theories
• Does DESI DR2 challenge $\Lambda$CDM paradigm ?
• Hydrodynamical structure formation in Milgromian cosmology
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• Cosmological models in scale-independent energy-momentum squared gravity
• Dark Stars Powered by Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• Testing cosmic anisotropy with Pade approximation and Pantheon+ sample
• A New Test of Dynamical Dark Energy Models and Cosmic Tensions in Hořava Gravity
• Spatial curvature in coincident gauge $f(Q)$ cosmology
• Probing Cosmology with 92 Localized Fast Radio Bursts and DESI BAO
• Holographic and Gravity-Thermodynamic Approaches in Entropic Cosmology: Bayesian Assessment using late-time Data
• Scalar-Tensor Gravity and DESI 2024 BAO data
• An exponential equation of state of dark energy in the light of 2018 CMB Planck data
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• 21cmFirstCLASS I. Cosmological tool for $\Lambda$CDM and beyond
• Effect of extinction on quasar luminosity distances determined from UV and X-ray flux measurements
• The Dark Side of Using Dark Sirens to Constrain the Hubble-Lemaître Constant
• A novel model-marginalized cosmological bound on the QCD axion mass
• Early dark energy by dark Higgs, and axion-induced non-thermal trapping
• Stability of symmetric teleparallel scalar-tensor cosmologies with alternative connections
• Reconciling early dark energy with a Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum
• Interacting dark energy after DESI DR2: a challenge for $\Lambda$CDM paradigm?
• Observational bounds on extended minimal theories of massive gravity: New limits on the graviton mass
• D-term inflation in braneworld models: Consistency with cosmic-string bounds and early-time Hubble tension resolving models
• Cosmography of the Local Universe by Multipole Analysis of the Expansion Rate Fluctuation Field
• Unexplored regions in teleparallel $f(T)$ gravity: Sign-changing dark energy density
• Addressing Cosmological Tensions by Non-Local Gravity
• The SRG/eROSITA All-Sky Survey : Constraints on the structure growth from cluster number counts
• Hubble tension in a nonminimally coupled curvature-matter gravity model
• Stability of $f(Q,B)$ Gravity via Dynamical System Approach: a Comprehensive Bayesian Statistical Analysis
• Cosmic Growth in $f(T)$ Teleparallel Gravity
• Spatial and orbital planes of the Milky Way satellites: unusual but consistent with $\Lambda$CDM
• Probing dark matter interactions with 21cm observations
• New cosmological constraints on the evolution of dark matter energy density
• Neutrino mass tension or suppressed growth rate of matter perturbations?
• A comparison between axion-like and power law potentials in cosmological background
• Testing Quintessence Axion Dark Energy with Recent Cosmological Results
• A preference for dynamical phantom dark energy using one-parameter model with Planck, DESI DR1 BAO and SN data
• Cosmology in Minkowski space
• Phase-space analysis of dark energy models in non-minimally coupled theories of gravity
• Exploring the Growth Index ${\gamma }_L$: Insights from Different CMB Dataset Combinations and Approaches
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• A short survey of matter-antimatter evolution in the primordial universe
• Determination of cosmic curvature independent of the sound horizon and $H_0$ using BOSS/eBOSS and DESI DR1 BAO observations
• Testing scale-invariant inflation against cosmological data
• Bayesian analysis of a Unified Dark Matter model with transition: can it alleviate the $H_0$ tension?
• On the interacting dark energy scenarios $-$ the case for Hubble constant tension
• In search of an interaction in the dark sector through Gaussian Process and ANN approaches
• Discriminating power of milli-lensing observations for dark matter models
• Constraints on Cosmological Models from Quasars Calibrated with Type Ia Supernova by a Gaussian Process
• Cosmological distances with general-relativistic ray tracing: framework and comparison to cosmographic predictions
• Hubble tensions: a historical statistical analysis
• Thin-wall vacuum decay in the presence of a compact dimension meets the $H_0$ and $S_8$ tensions
• Spatial Curvature and Thermodynamics
• Using machine learning to compress the matter transfer function $T(k)$
• Improving the Cosmological Constraints by Inferring the Formation Channel of Extreme-mass-ratio Inspirals
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• Does the fraction of dark matter diminish with early dark energy?
• Shape of Dark Energy: Constraining Its Evolution with a General Parametrization
• f(R) Gravity in an Ellipsoidal Universe
• Astrophysical and Cosmological Searches for Lorentz Invariance Violation
• Cosmological constraints of Palatini $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity
• Geometric and topological corrections to Schwarzschild black hole
• Big bang nucleosynthesis and early dark energy in light of the EMPRESS $Y_p$ results and the $H_0$ tension
• Exploring departures from Schwarzschild black hole in $f(R)$ gravity
• Exploring bulk viscous unified scenarios with Gravitational Waves Standard Sirens
• Structure Formation in Various Dynamical Dark Energy Scenarios
• Linear matter density perturbations in the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM model: Examining growth dynamics and addressing the $S_8$ tension
• Minimal model dependent constraints on cosmological nuisance parameters and cosmic curvature from combinations of cosmological data
• Testing the standardizability of, and deriving cosmological constraints from, a new Amati-correlated gamma-ray burst data compilation
• Effects of heterogeneous data sets and time-lag measurement techniques on cosmological parameter constraints from MgII and CIV reverberation-mapped quasar data
• HI intensity mapping with MeerKAT: forecast for delay power spectrum measurement using interferometer mode
• Conformal Killing cosmology -- Geometry, dark sector, growth of structures, and big rip
• Unveiling the Hubble Constant through Galaxy Cluster Gas Mass Fractions
• Interacting phantom dark energy: new accelerating scaling attractors
• A possible late-time transition of $M_B$ inferred via neural networks
• Narrowing down the Hubble tension to the first two rungs of distance ladders
• Reconstructing the growth index $\gamma$ with Gaussian Processes
• Do we need wavelets in the late Universe?
• Cosmographic analysis of sign-switching dark energy
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• Post-reionization HI 21-cm signal: A probe of negative cosmological constant
• Quintessential early dark energy
• Variation of the fine structure constant in the light of recent helium abundance measurement
• Cosmological effects of the Galileon term in Scalar-Tensor Theories
• Universal scaling laws and density slope for dark matter haloes
• General parametrization for energy density of quintessence field
• Evaluating Lyman-$\alpha$ Constraints for General Dark-Matter Velocity Distributions: Multiple Scales and Cautionary Tales
• Constraining deviations from $\Lambda$CDM in the Hubble expansion rate
• Cosmological implications of tracker scalar fields: Testing the evidence for dynamical dark energy with recent data
• Constraints on sterile neutrinos and the cosmological tensions
• Gravity- and temperature-driven phase transitions in a model for collapsed axionic condensates
• ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM cosmology from a type-II minimally modified gravity
• Weak field and slow motion limits in energy-momentum powered gravity
• Exploring cosmological imprints of phantom crossing with dynamical dark energy in Horndeski gravity
• Dark energy reconstruction analysis with artificial neural networks: Application on simulated Supernova Ia data from Rubin Observatory
• Interacting Models of Dark Energy and Dark Matter in Einstein scalar Gauss Bonnet Gravity
• Decay of $f(R)$ quintessence into dark matter: mitigating the Hubble tension?
• Galaxy-galaxy lensing data: $f(T)$ gravity challenges General Relativity
• Extended Uncertainty Principle: A Deeper Insight into the Hubble Tension?
• Beyond Two Parameters: Revisiting Dark Energy with the Latest Cosmic Probes
• Is there a dynamical tendency in H0 with late time measurements?
• Effects of a local physics change on the SH0ES determination of $H_0$
• Addressing the Hubble tension in Yukawa cosmology?
• Machine learning unveils the linear matter power spectrum of modified gravity
• Unveiling Neutrino Halos with CMB Lensing
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• Measuring the matter fluctuations in the Local Universe with the ALFALFA catalog
• Reconstructing FHDE with Scalar and Gauge Fields
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• Redshift drift in a universe with structure II: Light rays propagated through a Newtonian N-body simulation
• Effects of anisotropy in an anisotropic extension of $w$CDM model
• Quintessential Implications of the presence of AdS in the Dark Energy sector
• Solution of the dark matter riddle within standard model physics: From black holes, galaxies and clusters to cosmology
• Revisiting Friedmann-like cosmology with torsion: newest constraints from high-redshift observations
• I. Linear Interacting Dark Energy: Analytical Solutions and Theoretical Pathologies
• Coupled Quintessence scalar field model in light of observational datasets
• Exploring Alternative Cosmologies with the LSST: Simulated Forecasts and Current Observational Constraints
• Coupled scalar field cosmology with effects of curvature
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• Maximum entropy distributions of dark matter in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• Late-time Background Constraints on Linear and Non-linear Interacting Dark Energy after DESI DR2
• Low- and high-redshift H II starburst galaxies obey different luminosity-velocity dispersion relations
• Fireball baryogenesis from early structure formation due to Yukawa forces
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• Fundamental Physics and Cosmology with TianQin
• Revisiting CPL with sign-switching density: To cross or not to cross the NECB
• Investigating the $w$CDM Model with Latest DESI BAO Observations
• Empirical Validation: Investigating the ${\Lambda }_s$CDM Model with new DESI BAO Observations
• Fitting of supernovae without dark energy
• The cosmological lithium problem
• Testing $f(T)$ Gravity with Cosmological Observations: Confronting the Hubble Tension and Implications for the Late-Time Universe
• Non-parametric reconstructions of cosmic curvature: current constraints and forecasts
• On the Hubble expansion in a Big Bang quantum cosmology
• Can the sound horizon-free measurement of $H_0$ constrain early new physics?
• Explaining JWST star formation history at $z\sim 17$ by modifying $\Lambda$CDM
• Clifford algebra Cl(0,6) approach to beyond the standard model and naturalness problems
• Baryogenesis: A Symmetry Breaking in the Primordial Universe Revisited
• Testing the phenomenological interacting dark energy model with gamma-ray bursts and Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae
• Alleviating the Hubble Tension with a Local Void and Transitions of the Absolute Magnitude
• Axi-Higgs cosmology: Cosmic Microwave Background and cosmological tensions
• Effects of a Late Gravitational Transition on Gravitational Waves and Anticipated Constraints
• Late-Time Anisotropy Sourced by a 2-Form Field Non-Minimally Coupled to Cold Dark Matter
• Litmus tests of the flat $\Lambda$CDM model and model-independent measurement of $H_0{r}_{\mathrm{d}}$ with LSST and DESI
• Thawing k-essence dark energy in the PAge space
• Relativistic binary systems in scale-independent energy-momentum squared gravity
• Revisiting model-independent constraints on spatial curvature and cosmic ladders calibration: updated and forecast analyses
• Spatially Homogeneous Universes with Late-Time Anisotropy
• Possible Impact of non-Gaussianities on cosmological constraints in neutrino physics
• An Independent Measure of the Kinematic Dipole from SDSS
• Measuring the speed of light with cosmological observations: current constraints and forecasts
• Linking the $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ anomalies to the Hubble tension via a single right-handed neutrino
• Constraints on Bianchi-I type universe with SH0ES anchored Pantheon+ SNIa data
• One Extension to Explain Them All, One Scale-Invariant Spectrum to Test Them All, and in One Model Bind Them
• A New Window on Dynamical Dark Energy: Combining DESI-DR2 BAO with future Gravitational Wave Observations
• Impact of Low ell's on Large Scale Structure Anomalies
• Joint Constraints on Neutrinos and Dynamical Dark Energy in Minimally Modified Gravity
• Reconstructing the parameter space of non-analytical cosmological fixed points
• Resilience and implications of adiabatic CMB cooling
• Thermal leptogenesis in anisotropic cosmology
• Dark Energy in the DESI Era: A Brief Review of Evidence, Beyond-$\Lambda$CDM Interpretations, and Tensions
• Enhancing Cosmological Model Selection with Interpretable Machine Learning
• On exotic objects made of dark energy and dark matter: Mass-to-radius profiles and tidal Love numbers
• Traversable wormholes in bi-metric gravity
• Lensing amplitude anomaly and varying electron mass alleviate the Hubble and $S_8$ tensions
• asimulation: Domain formation and impact on observables in resolved cosmological simulations of the (a)symmetron
• On Evidence for Elastic Interactions in the Dark Sector
• A solution to the S8 tension through neutrino-dark matter interactions
• A new parametrization of Hubble function and Hubble tension
• Coherent Self-Interactions of Dark Matter in the Bullet Cluster
• Non-parametric reconstruction of the fine structure constant with galaxy clusters
• Measuring the Hubble constant through the galaxy pairwise peculiar velocity
• Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter
• Dipole Anisotropy in Gravitational Wave Source Distribution
• Constraining Cosmology with Double-source-plane Strong Gravitational Lenses from the AGEL Survey
• Revisiting coupled CDM-massive neutrino perturbations in diverse cosmological backgrounds
• Running vacuum and H^4-inflation
• On the convergence of cosmographic expansions in Lemaitre-Tolman-Bondi models
• Inflation in non-local hybrid metric-Palatini gravity
• Teleparallel dark energy in a nonflat universe
• Emergent universe: tensor perturbations within the CSL framework
• Addressing the DESI DR2 Phantom-Crossing Anomaly and Enhanced $H_0$ Tension with Reconstructed Scalar-Tensor Gravity
• Sensitivity of the Global 21-cm Signal to Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering
• The Impact of ${\Omega }_{m0}$ Prior Bias on Cosmological Parameter Estimation: Reconciling DESI DR2 BAO and Pantheon+ SNe Data Combination Results
• Cosmological Evolution in Bimetric Gravity: Observational Constraints and LSS Signatures
• Angular correlations on causally-coherent inflationary horizons
• Evidence for the dynamical dark energy with evolving Hubble constant
• Tilted non-spatially-flat inflation
• Equality scale-based and sound horizon-based analysis of the Hubble tension
• A test of invariance of dark matter halo surface density using multiwavelength mock galaxy catalogues
• Constructing Viable Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Energy Models: A Dynamical Systems Approach
• Special Issue on Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM: Goals and Highlights
• Fab-Four cosmography to tackle the Hubble tension
• Redshift-space distortion constraints on the neutrino mass and models to alleviate the Hubble tension
• Measuring neutrino mass in light of ACT DR6 and DESI DR2
• CURLING -- II. Improvement on the $H_0$ Inference from Pixelized Cluster Strong Lens Modeling
• Anisotropic power-law inflation for a generalized model of two scalar and two vector fields
• Non-Parametric Analysis for the Dark Matter Density Evolution
• Effect of Peak Absolute Magnitude of Type Ia Supernovae and Sound Horizon Values on Hubble Tension using DESI results
• On the origin of the BAOtr-DESI tension
• The gravitational force field of proto-pancakes
• Defrosting and Blast Freezing Dark Matter
• Mimetic-$f(Q)$ gravity: cosmic reconstruction and energy conditions
• High-redshift Galaxies from JWST Observations in More Realistic Dark Matter Halo Models
• A test for the redshift dependence of ${\sigma }_8$ using $f{\sigma }_8$ measurements
• Can the NANOGrav observations constrain the geometry of the universe?
• Local Limit of Nonlocal Gravity: A Teleparallel Extension of General Relativity
• When Dark Matter Heats Up: A Model-Independent Search for Non-Cold Behavior
• Kinematic Distortions of the High-Redshift Universe as Seen from Quasar Proper Motions
• Viability of general relativity and modified gravity cosmologies using high-redshift cosmic probes
• Modified propagation of gravitational waves from the early radiation era
• Testing the consistency of new Amati-correlated gamma-ray burst dataset cosmological constraints with those from better-established cosmological data
• Friedmann cosmology with hyperfluids
• Conventionalism, cosmology and teleparallel gravity
• Star-Crossed Labours: Checking Consistency Between Current Supernovae Compilations
• Effective field theory of coupled dark energy and dark matter
• Hints Beyond $\Lambda$CDM from Barrow and Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy with GO cutoff
• Thermodynamics of the Primordial Universe
• Probing the Cosmic Distance Duality Relation via Non-Parametric Reconstruction for High Redshifts
• Forecasting 21-cm power spectrum sensitivity to dark Matter-baryon scattering
• Clusternets: A deep learning approach to probe clustering dark energy
• Hubble Tension and Dark Energy in Teleparallel Gauss-Bonnet Gravity: New Constraints from DESI BAO, Pantheon${}^{+}$ and Hubble Data
• Kinetic recoupling of dark matter
• Covariant Predictions for Planck-Scale Features in Primordial Power Spectra
• Remarks on overestimating the effects of inhomogeneities on the Hubble constant
• Pantheon+ tomography and Hubble tension
• DESI forecast for Dark Matter-Neutrino interactions using EFTofLSS
• Constraints on cosmological parameters and CMB first acoustic peak in conformal Killing gravity
• Velocity dispersion of dark matter deficient ultra-diffuse galaxies: A case for modified gravity
• Equivalence of Dark Energy Models: A Theoretical and Bayesian Perspective
• Is Dark Energy Changing? Probing the Universe's Expansion with present and future astronomical probes
• Consistent cosmological structure formation on all scales in relativistic extensions of MOND
• Unraveling the Hubble tension with warm inflation
• Probing dark fluids and modified gravity with gravitational lensing
• Testing Refracted Gravity with kinematics of galaxy clusters
• The model of the local Universe in the framework of the second-order perturbation theory
• Characterizing the equivalence between dark energy and radiation using gamma-ray bursts
• Model-Agnostic Cosmological Inference with SDSS-IV eBOSS: Simultaneous Probing for Background and Perturbed Universe
• Constraints on Tsallis cosmology using recent low and high redshift measurements
• Impact of Redshift Space Distortion on Persistent Homology of cosmic matter density field
• Anisotropic power-law inflation for the Sáez-Ballester theory non-minimally coupled to a vector field
• Homology reveals significant anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background
• Can an Extra Degree of Freedom in Scalar-Tensor Non-Metricity Gravity Account for the Evolution of the Universe?
• Galaxy cluster count cosmology with simulation-based inference
• Nonlinear Matter Power Spectrum from relativistic $N$-body Simulations: ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM versus $\Lambda$CDM
• Testing Lens Models of PLCK G165.7+67.0 Using Lensed SN H0pe
• A Review on Resolving the Hubble Tension via Late-Universe Physics
• DESI constraints on two-field quintessence with exponential potentials
• The dynamics of vacuum, gravity and matter: Implications on the fundamental constants
• Crosschecking Cosmic Distances from DESI BAO and DES SNe
• New analysis of SNeIa Pantheon Catalog: Variable speed of light as an alternative to dark energy
• One-point Statistics in various cosmic environments in the presence of massive neutrinos
• The frozen vanilla model: Exploring dark sector interactions with delta effective theories
• Cosmic Strings-induced CMB anisotropies in light of Weighted Morphology
• Signature of $f\left(R\right)$ gravity via Lemaître-Tolman-Bondi inhomogeneous perturbations
• Matter Creation Cosmologies and Accelerated Expansion
• Non-linear structure formation with elastic interactions in the dark sector
• Parameter estimation of eccentric massive black hole binaries with LISA and its cosmological implications
• Constraining Axially Symmetric Bianchi Type I Model with Self-Consistent Recombination History and Observables
• Forecast cosmological constraints from the number counts of Gravitational Waves events
• Do JWST reionization (optical depth) puzzle, cosmological tensions, and CMB anomalies imply Harrison-Zel'dovich spectrum?
• A mechanism to generate varying speed of light via Higgs-dilaton coupling: Theory and cosmological applications
• Detecting Relativistic Doppler by Multi-Tracing a Single Galaxy Population
• Bending the web: exploring the impact of modified gravity on the density field and halo properties within the cosmic web
• Reheating constraints and the $H_0$ tension in Quintessential Inflation
• Analysis of Pantheon+ supernova data suggests evidence of sign-changing pressure of the cosmological fluid
• Solving an Interacting Quintessence Model with a Sound Horizon Initial Condition and its Observational Constraints
• Cosmology in $R^2$-gravity: Effects of a Higher Derivative Scalar Condensate Background
• Testing Exponential $f(R)$ Gravity with CMB, DESI-DR2, and Supernova Data
• Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation
• Ultra-light dark matter with non-canonical kinetics reopening the mass window
• ${\mathbf{\Omega }}_1{\mathbf{\Omega }}_2$-$\mathbf{\Lambda }$CDM: A promising phenomenological extension of the standard model of cosmology
• Dynamical Shortcomings in the Generalized SU(2) Proca Theory: Challenges for Cosmic Acceleration
• Comparison of $\Lambda$CDM and $R_h=ct$ with updated galaxy cluster $f_{gas}$ measurements using Bayesian inference
• A step in the right direction? Analyzing the Wess Zumino Dark Radiation solution to the Hubble tension
• Effects of dynamical friction on perturbations for evolving dark energy
• Horndeski in motion
• Scalar perturbation and density contrast evolution in $f(Q,C)$ gravity
• The cosmological Mass Varying Neutrino model in the late universe
• A robust assessment of the local anisotropy of the Hubble constant
• Exploring Cosmological Implications of the Modified Raychaudhuri Equation in Non-Gravitating Vacuum Energy Theory
• Massive black hole binaries in LISA: constraining cosmological parameters at high redshifts
• A semi-cosmographic approach to study cosmological evolution in phase space
• Thermodynamics of sign-switching dark energy models
• Is it possible to separate baryonic from dark matter within the $\Lambda$-CDM formalism?
• Cosmological effect of coherent oscillation of ultralight scalar fields in a multicomponent universe
• Cosmological observational tests in the JWST Era. I: angular size - redshift
• Forecast constraints on null tests of the $\Lambda$CDM model with SPHEREx
• Cosmological Frequency Combs
• Gas of thin tubes of massless scalar field as a possible model of unified dark fluid
• Modified Cosmology or Modified Galaxy Astrophysics is Driving the z>6 JWST Results? CMB Experiments can discover the Origin in the Near Future
• Is Dark Energy Increasing or Decreasing in the Late Universe?
• A test of invariance of halo surface density for FIRE-2 simulations with cold dark matter and self-interacting dark matter
• Measuring cosmic dipole with the GRB luminosity-time relation
• Theoretical filters for shift-symmetric Horndeski gravities
• Conformal Killing Gravity: New Constraints from DESI DR2 BAO datasets
• The peculiar case of the Viaggiu holographic dark energy
• Cosmological constraints on the big bang quantum cosmology model
• Towards a Machine Learning Solution for Hubble Tension: Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) Analysis of Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy in Presence of Neutrinos
• Probing dynamical embeddings in a five-dimensional spacetime in light of DESI BAO
• 3D Localization of FRB 20190425A for Its Potential Host Galaxy and Implications
• On a critical acceleration scale of dark matter in Lambda-CDM and dynamical dark energy
• Viaggiu holographic dark energy in light of DESI DR2
• Testing the Anton-Schmidt dark energy model with the DESI DR2 measurements
• CLASH-VLT: The Fifth Force in Chameleon Gravity from Joint Lensing and Kinematics Cluster Mass Profiles
• Current constraints on the minimally extended varying speed of light model through the cosmic distance duality relation
• Thermodynamic reconstruction in observationally constrained dynamical dark energy models
• Generalized Eddington--Finkelstein Coordinates and Exact Vaidya-Type Solutions in Weyl Conformal Gravity
• Late-time cosmological constraints on three holographic dark energy models with DESI DR2 BAO and Type Ia supernovae
• Kiselev black hole and the ultra-slow evaporating behavior
• Gravitational-wave standard sirens and application in cosmology
• Geometric Matching of Local Static Regions in Cosmological Spacetimes with an Evolving Lapse
• Resolving the Hubble Tension in the Early Dark Energy Framework with JWST and DESI Data
• Constraining Spatial Curvature with Priors from Swampland Conjectures
• Expected redshift drift for tilted observers
• Revisiting observational constraints on coupled exponential quintessence with energy and momentum transfers: degeneracy with massive neutrinos
• On the True Significance of the Hubble Tension: A Bayesian Error Decomposition Accounting for Information Loss
• Crunching, Bouncing, and Cyclical Cosmologies from Dark Sector Interactions
• A new magnitude--redshift relation based on Type Ia supernovae
• Background-level reconstruction of scalar-field potentials from dark-energy histories and comparison with analytic potential families
• Background dynamics and observational constraints of flat and non-flat $\Lambda (t)$CDM models from $H(z)$ and DESI DR2 BAO measurements
• Finite time pseudo-rip singularity in cosmology
• Einstein, tea leaves, meandering rivers, and the origin of supermassive black holes in ekpyrotic universe
• Revisiting the Matter Creation Process: Observational Constraints on Gravitationally Induced Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• Cosmological perturbations on an averaged background
• Hermitian formulation for mass dimension one fermions: Flat and curved space-times
• Extended datasamples under the lens of Brane World Theory
• Safely simplifying redshift drift computations in inhomogeneous cosmologies: Insights from LTB Swiss-cheese models
• Propagation of tensor perturbation in Horndeski-like gravity
• Production of Primordial Gravitational Waves in Teleparallel Gravity
• $S_8$ from peculiar velocities: agreement with Planck for Tully--Fisher and supernovae, tension for the fundamental plane
• Detector induced anisotropies on the angular distribution of gravitational wave sources and opportunities of constraining horizon scale anisotropies
• Bouncing Cosmologies in modified gravity with space time torsion
• On the detection of stellar wakes in the Milky Way: a deep learning approach
• Globally Stable Dark Energy in $F(R)$ Gravity
• Addressing Dipole Tension via Clustering in $\Lambda$CDM and beyond
• Hubble's Law in Heavy Ion Collisions
• Galaxy number-count dipole and superhorizon fluctuations
• The averaging problem on the past null cone in inhomogeneous dust cosmologies
• How Holographic is the Dark Energy? A Spline Nodal reconstruction approach
• Is Dark Energy an Effective Manifestation of Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics? -- Insights from DESI
• Intermediate redshift calibration of Gamma-ray Bursts and cosmic constraints in non-flat cosmology
• Matter-antimatter asymmetry in a rotating universe: Dirac spinors in axisymmetric Bianchi IX cosmology
• Evolution of matter perturbations in the context of cosmic slowing down
• Quasinormal modes of regular black holes surrounded by skewed dark matter distributions
• Constraints on the Modified Emergent Dark Energy Model Using DESI DR2 BAO
• Testing Scale-Dependent Suppression of Structure Growth in the Linear Regime
• Cosmology of Cubic Poincaré Gauge gravity
• Modifying $\Lambda$CDM dynamics via out-of-equilibrium axions: reconciling SH0ES and DESI $H_0$ values
• The dynamics of background evolution and structure formation in phase space: a semi-cosmographic reconstruction