Constraining the Cosmology of the Phantom Brane using Distance Measures

Abstract

The phantom brane has several important distinctive features: (i) Its equation of state is phantom-like, but there is no future `big rip' singularity, (ii) the effective cosmological constant on the brane is dynamically screened, because of which the expansion rate is {\em smaller} than that in $\Lambda$CDM at high redshifts. In this paper, we constrain the Phantom braneworld using distance measures such as Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa), Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO), and the compressed Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. We find that the simplest braneworld models provide a good fit to the data. For instance, BAO +SNeIa data can be accommodated by the braneworld for a large region in parameter space $0<{\Omega }_l<0.3$ at $1\sigma$. The Hubble parameter can be as high as $H_0<78$ km/s/Mpc, and the effective equation of state at present can show phantom-like behaviour with $w_0<-1.2$ at $1\sigma$. We note a correlation between $H_0$ and $w_0$, with higher values of $H_0$ leading to a lower, and more phantom-like, value of $w_0$. Inclusion of CMB data provides tighter constraints ${\Omega }_l<0.1$. (Here ${\Omega }_l$ encodes the ratio of the five and four dimensional Planck mass.) The Hubble parameter in this case is more tightly constrained to $H_0<71$ km/s/Mpc, and the effective equation of state to $w_0<-1.1$. Interestingly, we find that the universe is allowed be closed or open, with $-0.5<{\Omega }_{\kappa }<0.5$, even on including the compressed CMB data. There appears to be some tension in the low and high $z$ BAO data which may either be resolved by future data, or act as a pointer to interesting new cosmology.

16 pages, 10 figures. Constraints on effective equation of state w_0 added, correlation between w_0 and H_0 noted. Accepted for publication in PRD

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