The trouble with $H_0$

Abstract

We perform a comprehensive cosmological study of the $H_0$ tension between the direct local measurement and the model-dependent value inferred from the Cosmic Microwave Background. With the recent measurement of $H_0$ this tension has raised to more than $3\sigma$. We consider changes in the early time physics without modifying the late time cosmology. We also reconstruct the late time expansion history in a model independent way with minimal assumptions using distances measures from Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Type Ia Supernovae, finding that at $z<0.6$ the recovered shape of the expansion history is less than 5 % different than that of a standard LCDM model. These probes also provide a model insensitive constraint on the low-redshift standard ruler, measuring directly the combination $r_{s}h$ where $H_0=h\times 100$ km/s/Mpc and $r_s$ is the sound horizon at radiation drag (the standard ruler), traditionally constrained by CMB observations. Thus $r_s$ and $H_0$ provide absolute scales for distance measurements (anchors) at opposite ends of the observable Universe. We calibrate the cosmic distance ladder and obtain a model-independent determination of the standard ruler for acoustic scale, $r_s$. The tension in $H_0$ reflects a mismatch between our determination of $r_s$ and its standard, CMB-inferred value. Without including high-l Planck CMB polarization data (i.e., only considering the "recommended baseline" low-l polarisation and temperature and the high l temperature data), a modification of the early-time physics to include a component of dark radiation with an effective number of species around 0.4 would reconcile the CMB-inferred constraints, and the local $H_0$ and standard ruler determinations. The inclusion of the "preliminary" high-l Planck CMB polarisation data disfavours this solution.

matches accepted version by JCAP

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• Quintessential Cosmological Tensions
• Detecting the power spectrum turnover with HI intensity mapping
• Questioning the $H_0$ tension via the look-back time
• Newest measurements of Hubble constant from DESI 2024 BAO observations
• Hubble constant difference between CMB lensing and BAO measurements
• The Hubble-Lemaître constant and sound horizon from low-redshift probes
• Testing the warmness of dark matter
• Science Case for the new High-Intensity Muon Beams HIMB at PSI
• Alleviating $H_0$ tension in Horndeski gravity
• TDCOSMO VI: Distance Measurements in Time-delay Cosmography under the Mass-sheet transformation
• The quadrupole in the local Hubble parameter: first constraints using Type Ia supernova data and forecasts for future surveys
• No-go guide for the Hubble tension: late-time or local-scale new physics
• Clustering and redshift-space distortions in modified gravity models with massive neutrinos
• Constraining a late time transition of $G_{\mathrm{eff}}$ using low-z galaxy survey data
• Hubble constant and sound horizon from the late-time Universe
• Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter with Supersymmetry
• A thorough investigation of the prospects of eLISA in addressing the Hubble tension: Fisher Forecast, MCMC and Machine Learning
• Cascading Dark Energy
• The Impact of Line Misidentification on Cosmological Constraints from Euclid and other Spectroscopic Galaxy Surveys
• Well-Tempered Minkowski Solutions in Teleparallel Horndeski Theory
• Constraining Sterile Neutrino Cosmology with Terrestrial Oscillation Experiments
• Flavour specific neutrino self-interaction: $H_0$ tension and IceCube
• Running vacuum in Brans-Dicke theory: a possible cure for the ${\sigma }_8$ and $H_0$ tensions
• Kinematic Constraints on Spatial Curvature from Supernovae Ia and Cosmic Chronometers
• The role of CMB spectral distortions in the Hubble tension: a proof of principle
• A common explanation of the Hubble tension and anomalous cold spots in the CMB
• Thermal Dark Energy
• Cosmic variance of $H_0$ in light of forthcoming high-redshift surveys
• Supernova Limits on Muonic Dark Forces
• Vacuum dynamics in the Universe versus a rigid $\Lambda =$const
• A testable hidden-sector model for Dark Matter and neutrino masses
• Cosmological discordances III: more on measure properties, Large-Scale-Structure constraints, the Hubble constant and Planck
• Probing dynamics of dark energy with latest observations
• Addressing Astrophysical and Cosmological Problems With Secretly Asymmetric Dark Matter
• $f(R)$ gravity modifications: from the action to the data
• Reconciling $S_8$: Insights from Interacting Dark Sectors
• Backreaction and FRW consistency conditions
• Dirac neutrino mass generation from Majorana messenger
• Alleviating $H_0$ tension in scalar-tensor and bi-scalar-tensor theories
• Shedding Light on Dark Matter and Neutrino Interactions from Cosmology
• Growth of Matter Perturbations in the Bi-Galileons Field Model
• Integrated Sachs-Wolfe-galaxy cross-correlation bounds on the two branches of the minimal theory of massive gravity
• Unifying Inflation with early and late Dark Energy in Multi-Fields: Spontaneously broken scale invariant TMT
• Bayesian correction of $H(z)$ data uncertainties
• Combining cosmological and local bounds on bimetric theory
• Probing $\Lambda$CDM cosmology with the Evolutionary Map of the Universe survey
• Cosmology from weak lensing alone and implications for the Hubble tension
• Unbiased likelihood-free inference of the Hubble constant from light standard sirens
• A 4% measurement of $H_0$ using the cumulative distribution of strong-lensing time delays in doubly-imaged quasars
• Pseudoscalar sterile neutrino self-interactions in light of Planck, SPT and ACT data
• A critical discussion on the $H_0$ tension
• Constraints on new physics from $K\to \pi \nu \bar{\nu }$
• How does an incomplete sky coverage affect the Hubble Constant variance?
• General Effective Field Theory of Teleparallel Gravity
• Getting a THUMP from a WIMP
• Extended $\Lambda$CDM model and viscous dark energy: A Bayesian analysis
• Inflation models in the light of self-interacting sterile neutrinos
• Easily Interpretable Bulk Flows: Continuing Tension with the Standard Cosmological Model
• Cosmological evolution with quadratic gravity and nonideal fluids
• Ghost and Laplacian Instabilities in the Teleparallel Horndeski Gravity
• Consistency of the Planck CMB data and $\Lambda$CDM cosmology
• Model-independent cosmological inference after the DESI DR2 data with improved inverse distance ladder
• BBN Constraints on $f(Q,T)$ Gravity
• Noether Symmetry Approach in Scalar-Torsion $f(T,\varphi )$ Gravity
• Non-standard neutrino interactions in light mediator models at reactor experiments
• Differentiating dark interactions with perturbation
• The fate of bound systems through Sudden Future Singularities
• A cosmologically motivated reference formulation of numerical relativity
• Reconciling early dark energy with a Harrison-Zeldovich spectrum
• Cosmic Growth in $f(T)$ Teleparallel Gravity
• Reproductive Freeze-In of Self-Interacting Dark Matter
• LADDER: Revisiting the Cosmic Distance Ladder with Deep Learning Approaches and Exploring its Applications
• Phase-space analysis of dark energy models in non-minimally coupled theories of gravity
• Constraining quantum collapse inflationary models with current data: The semiclassical approach
• A comparison between axion-like and power law potentials in cosmological background
• Was Entropy Conserved between BBN and Recombination?
• Low-redshift measurement of the sound horizon through gravitational time-delays
• Dark Lepton Superfluid in Proto-Neutron Stars
• Contributions to $\Delta N_{eff}$ from the dark photon of $U(1{)}_{T3R}$
• Model-Independent Determination of $H_0$ and ${\Omega }_{K,0}$ using Time-Delay Galaxy Lenses and Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Thomson scattering: One rate to rule them all
• Role of the Hubble Scale in the Weak Lensing vs. CMB Tension
• Quantifying the CMB Degeneracy Between the Matter Density and Hubble Constant in Current Experiments
• Fisher matrix for the one-loop galaxy power spectrum: measuring expansion and growth rates without assuming a cosmological model
• Cosmological constraints from low-redshift data
• Hubble distancing: Focusing on distance measurements in cosmology
• Measurement of the matter-radiation equality scale using the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Quasar Sample
• Charged Dark Matter and the $H_0$ tension
• Noether Symmetries in $f(T,T_G)$ Cosmology
• Robust Limits from Upcoming Neutrino Telescopes and Implications on Minimal Dark Matter Models
• ISiTGR: Testing deviations from GR at cosmological scales including dynamical dark energy, massive neutrinos, functional or binned parametrizations, and spatial curvature
• Cosmological implications of the Weyl geometric gravity theory
• Calculating Observables in Inhomogeneous Cosmologies I: General Framework
• Beyond optical depth: Future determination of ionization history from the CMB
• Cosmological constraints of Palatini $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity
• Is gravity getting weaker at low z? Observational evidence and theoretical implications
• Anisotropic Scalar Field Dark Energy with a Disformally Coupled Yang-Mills Field
• Unification for the Darkly Charged Dark Matter
• Towards a Solution to the H0 Tension: the Price to Pay
• Effective Field Theory of Gravitating Continuum: Solids, Fluids, and Aether Unified
• Cosmological Constraints on Scalar Field Dark Matter
• Calibrating Long Period Variables as Standard Candles with Machine Learning
• $f(T,B)$ Gravity in the late Universe in the context of local measurements
• A visual tool for assessing tension-resolving models in the $H_0$-${\sigma }_8$ plane
• Towards detecting super-GeV dark matter via annihilation to neutrinos
• The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Effect in the Bulk Viscous Dark Energy Model
• Testing $\alpha$-attractor quintessential inflation against CMB and low-redshift data
• Comprehensive Constraints on Dark Radiation Injection After BBN
• A possible late-time transition of $M_B$ inferred via neural networks
• The H0 trouble: Confronting Non-thermal Dark Matter and Phantom Cosmology with the CMB, BAO, and Type Ia Supernovae data
• Bianchi IX gravitational collapse of matter inhomogeneities
• SU(2)${}_{\mathrm{CMB}}$ and the cosmological model: angular power spectra
• Quintessential early dark energy
• Explanation of high redshift luminous galaxies from JWST by early dark energy model
• Narrowing down the Hubble tension to the first two rungs of distance ladders
• Diffuse neutrino supernova background as a cosmological test
• Cosmography using strong lensing systems and cosmic chronometers
• HIR4: Cosmological signatures imprinted on the cross correlation between 21-cm map and galaxy clustering
• The Logotropic Dark Fluid: Observational and Thermodynamic Constraints
• Reference level of the vacuum energy density of the Universe and astrophysical data
• Scaling solutions as Early Dark Energy resolutions to the Hubble tension
• Probing cosmic anisotropy with GW/FRB as upgraded standard sirens
• The interacting vacuum and tensions: a comparison of theoretical models
• General parametrization for energy density of quintessence field
• Cosmological implications of tracker scalar fields: Testing the evidence for dynamical dark energy with recent data
• Light Dark Matter: A Common Solution to the Lithium and $H_0$ Problems
• Observational constraints in Delta Gravity: CMB and supernovas
• The Hubble Rate Trouble: An Effective Field Theory of Dark Matter
• Gravitational waves, CMB polarization, and the Hubble tension
• Large-Distance Lens Uncertainties and Time-Delay Measurements of $H_0$
• Testing the Equivalence Principle with Strong Lensing Time Delay Variations
• Turnaround density as a probe of the cosmological constant
• Non-particle dark matter from Hubble parameter
• Extended Uncertainty Principle: A Deeper Insight into the Hubble Tension?
• Addressing the Hubble tension in Yukawa cosmology?
• Sound-Horizon-Agnostic Inference of the Hubble Constant and Neutrino Mass from BAO, CMB Lensing, and Galaxy Weak Lensing and Clustering
• Bounds on Velocity-Dependent Dark Matter-Baryon Scattering from Large-Scale Structure
• Effects of a local physics change on the SH0ES determination of $H_0$
• Domain Wall Network: A Dual Solution for Gravitational Waves and Hubble Tension?
• Interacting dark energy axions in light of the Hubble tension
• B-modes from Post-inflationary Gravitational Waves Sourced by Axionic Instabilities at Cosmic Reionization
• Fireball baryogenesis from early structure formation due to Yukawa forces
• High accuracy on $H_0$ constraints from gravitational wave lensing events
• Constraining Temporal Oscillations of Cosmological Parameters Using Type Ia Supernovae
• Revisiting the phenomenologically emergent dark energy model: is non-zero equation of state of dark matter favored by DESI DR2?
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation with baryon acoustic oscillations and supernovae data
• Observational Constraint on Spherical Inhomogeneity with CMB and Local Hubble Parameter
• Anisotropic Born-Infeld-f(R) Cosmologies
• Study of Jupiter's Interior with Quadratic Monte Carlo Simulations
• From fundamental physics to tests with compact objects in metric-affine theories of gravity
• Can acoustic and axion-like early dark energy still resolve the Hubble tension?
• SU(2)$_{\tiny\mbox{CMB}}$ at high redshifts and the value of $H_0$
• Coupled Quintessence scalar field model in light of observational datasets
• An Informational Approach to Cosmological Parameter Estimation
• Measuring the distances to quasars at high redshifts with strong lensing
• Can the sound horizon-free measurement of $H_0$ constrain early new physics?
• Chameleon Early Dark Energy and the Hubble Tension
• Unveiling the Universe with Emerging Cosmological Probes
• Investigating the $w$CDM Model with Latest DESI BAO Observations
• Sterile Neutrinos and B-L Symmetry
• Effects of a Late Gravitational Transition on Gravitational Waves and Anticipated Constraints
• Hubble tension and matter inhomogeneities: a theoretical perspective
• Phantom Dirac-Born-Infeld Dark Energy
• Cosmological Model with Cosmic transit behaviour in Brans-Dicke Theory
• Extended minimal theories of massive gravity
• Towards Machine-assisted Meta-Studies: The Hubble Constant
• Dynamical system analysis in modified Galileon cosmology
• A proposal to improve the accuracy of cosmological observables and address the Hubble tension problem
• Linking the $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ anomalies to the Hubble tension via a single right-handed neutrino
• Climbing out of the shadows: building the distance ladder with black hole images
• Dark sector production and baryogenesis from not quite black holes
• 2D BAO vs 3D BAO: Hints for new physics?
• Barrow holographic dark energy interacting model in the presence of radiation and matter
• Equality scale-based and sound horizon-based analysis of the Hubble tension
• Revisiting coupled CDM-massive neutrino perturbations in diverse cosmological backgrounds
• Another look on the connections of Hubble tension with the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
• Implications of Dynamical Dark Energy in the expansion of the Universe and the Structure Formation
• Constraining Ultralight Axions with Galaxy Surveys
• Can the quasi-molecular mechanism of recombination decrease the Hubble tension?
• Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in Majoron models of neutrino mass
• Performance of Non-Parametric Reconstruction Techniques in the Late-Time Universe
• Defrosting and Blast Freezing Dark Matter
• Gravitational waves in a cyclic Universe: resilience through cycles and vacuum state
• Reconciling Cosmological Tensions with Inelastic Dark Matter and Dark Radiation in a $\mathbf{U}(1{)}_{\mathbf{D}}$ Framework
• Common Origin of Warm Dark Matter and Dark Radiation
• Cross-correlating radial peculiar velocities and CMB lensing convergence
• Thermo-Coupled Early Dark Energy
• Inhomogeneous Hubble diagram from vector K-mouflage
• Revisiting Cosmic Distance Duality with Megamasers and DESI DR2 Observations: Model Independent Constraints on Early-Late Calibration
• Contemplating the fate of modified gravity
• Post-Newtonian Gravity in Cosmology
• Testing the coupling of dark radiations in light of the Hubble tension
• Reconciling cosmic dipolar tensions with a gigaparsec void
• Observational tests of the conformal osculating Barthel-Kropina cosmological model
• Dark Acoustic Oscillations as an Early-Universe Explanation of the DESI Anomaly
• Single-object Imaging and Spectroscopy to Enhance Dark Energy Science from LSST
• Toward Cosmological Standard Timers in Primordial Black Hole Binaries
• Can cosmic rotation resolve the Hubble tension? Constraints from CMB and large-scale structure
• Super-horizon second-order perturbations for cosmological random fluctuations and the Hubble-constant problem
• Model independent calibration for sound horizon combining observations of supernovae and transversal BAO measurements
• Ricci cosmology in light of astronomical data
• Constraining decaying dark matter with BOSS data and the effective field theory of large-scale structures
• New tests of dark sector interactions from the full-shape galaxy power spectrum
• Status and Perspectives of Neutrino Physics
• Thermodynamic parametrization of dark energy
• Reheating after relaxation of large cosmological constant
• Inflation: a quantum laboratory on cosmological scales
• A step in the right direction? Analyzing the Wess Zumino Dark Radiation solution to the Hubble tension
• Vacuum arbitrariness and the Hubble tension
• A note on higher rank descriptions of massless and massive spin-1 particles
• Momentum transfer models of interacting dark energy
• A gigaparsec-scale local void and the Hubble tension
• Assessing the potential of cluster edges as a standard ruler
• Impact of a Rapid Diluted Energy Density on the halo mass function
• Cosmic Microwave Background as a thermal gas of SU(2) photons: Implications for the high-z cosmological model and the value of $H_0$
• Gravitational lensing by a black hole in Poincar{é} gauge theory of gravity
• Overlap reduction function for gravitational wave detectors in an expanding Universe
• Dark sector interactions in light of weak lensing data
• Metric-affine cosmological models and the inverse problem of the calculus of variations. Part II: Variational bootstrapping of the $\Lambda$CDM model
• SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics: a priori estimate and radiative corrections
• Revisiting the Hubble Tension with DESI DR2 Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Observations and Machine Learning Methods
• LHC constraints on hidden gravitons
• Searching for a signature of turnaround in galaxy clusters with convolutional neural networks
• Controlled Tension Forecasting: Quantifying Cross-Probe Biases in ${\omega }_0{\omega }_a$CDM
• Testing the CCC+TL cosmology with cosmic-chronometer measurements of the Hubble parameter
• BICEP/Keck XXI: Constraints on Early-Universe Parity Violation from Multipole-Dependent Birefringence
• Limits on the Inferred Hubble Constant Bias from a Local McVittie Gravitational Field
• $f(T,B)$ cosmography for high redshifts
• The impact of the locally measured Hubble parameter on the mass of Sterile neutrino
• Dark matter with excitable levels
• Conditional variational autoencoders for cosmological model discrimination and anomaly detection in cosmic microwave background power spectra
• Testing the cosmic distance duality relation using model-independent approach
• Testing General Relativity on Galactic Scales via DESI-BAO and Strong Lensing: Circumventing Assumptions on the Hubble Constant, Sound Horizon, and Dark Energy
• A Breathing Universe is Consistent
• No preference for generalized emergent dark energy from current cosmological data
• Constraints on the Modified Emergent Dark Energy Model Using DESI DR2 BAO
• Accelerated expansion as manifestation of gravity: when Dark Energy belongs to the left
• Can the Dark-Matter Deficit in the High-Redshift Galaxies Explain the Persistent Discrepancy in Hubble Constants?
• Testing the Anton-Schmidt dark energy model with the DESI DR2 measurements
• On the True Significance of the Hubble Tension: A Bayesian Error Decomposition Accounting for Information Loss
• Thermodynamic reconstruction in observationally constrained dynamical dark energy models