Status and Perspectives of Neutrino Physics

Abstract

This review demonstrates the unique role of the neutrino by discussing in detail the physics of and with neutrinos. We deal with neutrino sources, neutrino oscillations, absolute masses, interactions, the possible existence of sterile neutrinos, and theoretical implications. In addition, synergies of neutrino physics with other research fields are found, and requirements to continue successful neutrino physics in the future, in terms of technological developments and adequate infrastructures, are stressed.

227 pages; this review of the field of neutrino physics emerged from a report written by a panel on the request of IUPAP (International Union of Pure and Applied Physics). The mandate, the panel members and the report can be found on the web page of the panel at ht tps://www.iupapneutrinopanel.org

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• The Reactor Antineutrino Anomaly
• The fate of hints: updated global analysis of three-flavor neutrino oscillations
• Massive neutrinos and cosmology
• Double Beta Decay, Majorana Neutrinos, and Neutrino Mass
• Observation of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
• The trouble with $H_0$
• Status and Future of Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: A Review
• Phase space factors for double-$\beta$ decay
• Observation and Characterization of a Cosmic Muon Neutrino Flux from the Northern Hemisphere using six years of IceCube data
• Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
• Time-integrated Neutrino Source Searches with 10 years of IceCube Data
• CMB-S4 Science Case, Reference Design, and Project Plan
• Statistical Significance of the Gallium Anomaly
• DARWIN: towards the ultimate dark matter detector
• A new Generation of Standard Solar Models
• Status of non-standard neutrino interactions
• Low energy effects of neutrino masses
• Improved Measurement of Electron Antineutrino Disappearance at Daya Bay
• Sterile neutrino search at NEOS Experiment
• Supernova Neutrino Detection
• Unitarity of the Leptonic Mixing Matrix
• How to find neutral leptons of the nuMSM?
• $R_K$ and future $b\to s\ell \ell$ BSM opportunities
• Towards a precision calculation of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the Standard Model II: Neutrino decoupling in the presence of flavour oscillations and finite-temperature QED
• Neutrino decoupling including flavour oscillations and primordial nucleosynthesis
• A precision calculation of relic neutrino decoupling
• The Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• Sterile Neutrinos as the Origin of Dark and Baryonic Matter
• Sterile neutrino dark matter as a consequence of nuMSM-induced lepton asymmetry
• Leptogenesis and Low Energy CP Violation in Neutrino Physics
• Weak Pion Production off the Nucleon
• The Pacific Ocean Neutrino Experiment
• Improved measurements of the neutrino mixing angle ${\theta }_{13}$ with the Double Chooz detector
• Measurement of the multi-TeV neutrino cross section with IceCube using Earth absorption
• Complementarity of dark matter detectors in light of the neutrino background
• Detection of a particle shower at the Glashow resonance with IceCube
• A Survey of Lepton Number Violation Via Effective Operators
• Search for Prompt Neutrino Emission from Gamma-Ray Bursts with IceCube
• Constraints from Ly-$\alpha$ forests on non-thermal dark matter including resonantly-produced sterile neutrinos
• Discovery of a 3.5 keV line in the Galactic Center and a Critical Look at the Origin of the Line Across Astronomical Targets
• Search for proton decay via $p\to e^{+}{\pi }^0$ and $p\to {\mu }^{+}{\pi }^0$ with an enlarged fiducial volume in Super-Kamiokande I-IV
• Updated Summation Model: An Improved Agreement with the Daya Bay Antineutrino Fluxes
• Charged-current neutrino-nucleus reactions within the SuSAv2-MEC approach
• Single electron detection and spectroscopy via relativistic cyclotron radiation
• Supernova Neutrino Burst Detection with the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
• Fermion masses and mixings in SO(10) models and the neutrino challenge to supersymmetric grand unified theories
• Prospects for Beyond the Standard Model Physics Searches at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
• Detecting non-relativistic cosmic neutrinos by capture on tritium: phenomenology and physics potential
• Perturbative Lorentz and CPT violation for neutrino and antineutrino oscillations
• High-Energy Neutrino Emission from Short Gamma-Ray Bursts: Prospects for Coincident Detection with Gravitational Waves
• Design and Sensitivity of the Radio Neutrino Observatory in Greenland (RNO-G)
• Reanalysis of bubble chamber measurements of muon-neutrino induced single pion production
• Search for Coherent Elastic Scattering of Solar ${}^8$B Neutrinos in the XENON1T Dark Matter Experiment
• Constraints on elastic neutrino nucleus scattering in the fully coherent regime from the CONUS experiment
• Experimental Requirements to Determine the Neutrino Mass Hierarchy Using Reactor Neutrinos
• Enhanced Supernova Axion Emission and its Implications
• Testing decay of astrophysical neutrinos with incomplete information
• Directional association of TeV to PeV astrophysical neutrinos with radio blazars
• Constraints on the ultra-high energy cosmic neutrino flux from the fourth flight of ANITA
• Thermalisation of sterile neutrinos in the early Universe in the 3+1 scheme with full mixing matrix
• New Limit for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo Experiment
• Geo-neutrinos and Earth's interior
• Final result of CUPID-0 phase-I in the search for the ${}^{82}$Se Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Directional Dark Matter Detection Beyond the Neutrino Bound
• High-Energy Neutrinos from Millisecond Magnetars formed from the Merger of Binary Neutron Stars
• Where do the 3.5 keV photons come from? A morphological study of the Galactic Center and of Perseus
• Neutrino Mass Sum-rules in Flavor Symmetry Models
• Connection of the virtual ${\gamma }^{\ast }p$ cross section of $ep$ deep inelastic scattering to real $\gamma p$ scattering, and the implications for $\nu N$ and $ep$ total cross sections
• Physics with Beam Tau-Neutrino Appearance at DUNE
• Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering at the European Spallation Source
• Origin of neutrino masses at the LHC: Delta L = 2 effective operators and their ultraviolet completions
• Stellar Collapse Diversity and the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
• Multi-wavelength and neutrino emission from blazar PKS 1502+106
• Searching for eV-scale sterile neutrinos with eight years of atmospheric neutrinos at the IceCube neutrino telescope
• Exciting Prospects for Detecting Late-Time Neutrinos from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Neutrino Self-Interactions and Double Beta Decay
• Coherence and oscillations of cosmic neutrinos
• Neutrinoless Double-Electron Capture
• Supernova Signatures of Neutrino Mass Ordering
• Electroweak naturalness in three-flavour Type I see-saw and implications for leptogenesis
• Gauged L_mu - L_tau and different Muon Neutrino and Anti-Neutrino Oscillations: MINOS and beyond
• Implication for the core collapse supernova rate from 21 years of data of the Large Volume Detector
• Invisible neutrino decay in precision cosmology
• Limits on the Existence of sub-MeV Sterile Neutrinos from the Decay of ${}^7$Be in Superconducting Quantum Sensors
• Assessment of molecular effects on neutrino mass measurements from tritium beta decay
• Neutrino Oscillation Studies with Reactors
• Point-source and diffuse high-energy neutrino emission from Type IIn supernovae
• Non-standard interactions with high-energy atmospheric neutrinos at IceCube
• Combined sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering with JUNO, the IceCube Upgrade, and PINGU
• Neutrino Oscillation Constraints on U(1)' Models: from Non-Standard Interactions to Long-Range Forces
• Current and Future Neutrino Oscillation Constraints on Leptonic Unitarity
• Measurement of the ${}^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux in SNO+ with Very Low Backgrounds
• On the Impact of Neutrino Decays on the Supernova Neutronization-Burst Flux
• A novel technique for the measurement of the electron neutrino cross section
• Viability of Dirac phase leptogenesis
• Neutrino-4 anomaly: oscillations or fluctuations?
• Neutrino tomography - Learning about the Earth's interior using the propagation of neutrinos
• Bound on 3+1 active-sterile neutrino mixing from the first four-week science run of KATRIN
• Impact of binary interactions on the diffuse supernova neutrino background
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay, the Inverted Hierarchy and Precision Determination of theta(12)
• Dark Matter vs. Neutrinos: The effect of astrophysical uncertainties and timing information on the neutrino floor
• Quantum-Gravity Decoherence Effects in Neutrino Oscillations: Expected Constraints from CNGS and J-PARC
• Two-Neutrino Double Beta Decay with Sterile Neutrinos
• The SuperNova Early Warning System
• Probing neutrino quantum decoherence at reactor experiments
• Exploring the hidden interior of the Earth with directional neutrino measurements
• Solar neutrino flux at keV energies
• Constraining Absolute Neutrino Masses via Detection of Galactic Supernova Neutrinos at JUNO
• Electron Capture in 163Ho and Overlap plus Exchange Corrections and the Neutrino Mass
• Observation of single collisionally cooled trapped ions in a buffer gas
• ${}^{222}$Rn emanation measurements for the XENON1T experiment
• First antineutrino energy spectrum from ${}^{235}$U fissions with the STEREO detector at ILL
• Review of Liquid Argon Detector Technologies in the Neutrino Sector
• Neutrino vs. Antineutrino Oscillation Parameters at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande
• Characterization of an Ionization Readout Tile for nEXO
• Schizophrenic Neutrinos and $\nu$-less Double Beta Decay
• Measurement of the atmospheric ${\nu }_e$ and ${\nu }_{\mu }$ energy spectra with the ANTARES neutrino telescope
• Statistical Significance of Reactor Antineutrino Active-Sterile Oscillations
• Testing Lorentz and CPT invariance with neutrinos
• Measuring Anisotropies in the Cosmic Neutrino Background
• Geoneutrinos at Jinping: Flux prediction and oscillation analysis
• Search for Light Exotic Fermions in Double-Beta Decays
• Unified thermal model for photohadronic neutrino production in astrophysical sources
• Weak structure functions in ${\nu }_l-N$ and ${\nu }_l-A$ scattering with nonperturbative and higher order perturbative QCD effects
• Quasielastic production of polarized hyperons in antineutrino--nucleon reactions
• IceCube High Energy Starting Events at 7.5 Years -- New Measurements of Flux and Flavor
• Is Left-Right Symmetry the Key?
• Stochastic Modeling of 3-D Compositional Distribution in the Crust with Bayesian Inference and Application to Geoneutrino Observation in Japan
• Measuring the electron neutrino mass with improved sensitivity: the HOLMES experiment
• The Continuous Readout Stream of the MicroBooNE Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber for Detection of Supernova Burst Neutrinos
• Cornering (quasi) degenerate neutrinos with cosmology
• Fundamental physics with high-energy cosmic neutrinos today and in the future
• Background Discrimination for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay in Liquid Xenon Using Cherenkov Light
• Nu Tools: Exploring Practical Roles for Neutrinos in Nuclear Energy and Security
• Standard Quantum Mechanics without observers
• Discovery probabilities of Majorana neutrinos based on cosmological data
• Non-negligible Oscillation Effects in the Crustal Geo-neutrino Calculations
• Test of Lorentz Violation with Astrophysical Neutrino Flavor
• Relativistic Cyclotron Radiation Detection of Tritium Decay Electrons as a New Technique for Measuring the Neutrino Mass
• Review of Sterile Neutrino Experiments