Current and Future Neutrino Oscillation Constraints on Leptonic Unitarity

Abstract

The unitarity of the lepton mixing matrix is a critical assumption underlying the standard neutrino-mixing paradigm. However, many models seeking to explain the as-yet-unknown origin of neutrino masses predict deviations from unitarity in the mixing of the active neutrino states. Motivated by the prospect that future experiments may provide a precise measurement of the lepton mixing matrix, we revisit current constraints on unitarity violation from oscillation measurements and project how next-generation experiments will improve our current knowledge. With the next-generation data, the normalizations of all rows and columns of the lepton mixing matrix will be constrained to $\lesssim$10\% precision, with the $e$-row best measured at $\lesssim$1\% and the $\tau$-row worst measured at $\sim 10\%$ precision. The measurements of the mixing matrix elements themselves will be improved on average by a factor of $3$. We highlight the complementarity of DUNE, T2HK, JUNO, and IceCube Upgrade for these improvements, as well as the importance of ${\nu }_{\tau }$ appearance measurements and sterile neutrino searches for tests of leptonic unitarity.

arXiv comment50 pages, 18 figures. Comments are welcome. Minor changes, rearranged order of results. Matches version published in JHEP

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