Status and Future of Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay: A Review

Abstract

The nuclear matrix elements that govern the rate of neutrinoless double beta decay must be accurately calculated if experiments are to reach their full potential. Theorists have been working on the problem for a long time but have recently stepped up their efforts as ton-scale experiments have begun to look feasible. Here we review past and recent work on the matrix elements in a wide variety of nuclear models and discuss work that will be done in the near future. Ab initio nuclear-structure theory, which is developing rapidly, holds out hope of more accurate matrix elements with quantifiable error bars.

arXiv comment35 pages, 14 figures

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• Examinations of the consistency of the quasiparticle random-phase approximation approach to double-$\beta$ decay of ${}^{48}$Ca
• Shape transition of Nd and Sm isotopes and neutrinoless double-beta decay nuclear matrix element of ${}^{150}$Nd
• Tribimaximal Mixing in the $SU(5)\times {\mathcal{T}}_{13}$ Texture
• Beta Decay in Medium-Mass Nuclei with the In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group
• Impacts of hexadecapole deformations on the collective energy spectra of axially deformed nuclei
• The Exposure-Background Duality in the Searches of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• A New Sensitivity Goal for Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay Experiments
• Neutrinoless double beta decay in the minimal type-I seesaw model: How the enhancement or cancellation happens?
• Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of magnetic form factors in light nuclei
• Neutrinoless double beta decay and QCD running at low energy scales
• The Majorana Demonstrator's Search for Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{76}$Ge to Excited States of ${}^{76}$Se
• Relativistic model-free prediction for neutrinoless double beta decay at leading order
• Array of Cryogenic Calorimeters to Evaluate the Spectral Shape of forbidden $\beta$-decays: the ACCESS project
• Nuclear matrix elements for $\lambda$ mechanism of $0\nu \beta \beta$ of ${}^{48}$Ca in nuclear shell-model: Closure versus nonclosure approach
• Two-neutrino double-beta decay matrix elements based on relativistic nuclear energy density functional
• Low-energy structure and $\beta$ decay properties of neutron-rich nuclei in the region of a shape phase transition
• ${}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}(d,\alpha )$ study of states in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Cs}$: Implications for new physics searches with xenon detectors
• Searching for lepton number violating $\Lambda$ baryon decays mediated by GeV-scale Majorana neutrino with LHCb
• $g_{\mathrm{A}}$-sensitive $\beta$ spectral shapes in the mass $A=86-99$ region assessed by the nuclear shell model
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay from Lattice QCD: The Short-Distance ${\pi }^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{e}^{-}{e}^{-}$ Amplitude
• Partial restoration of spin-isospin SU(4) Symmetry and the One-QRPA method in Double Beta Decay
• Impact of nuclear matrix element calculations for current and future neutrinoless double beta decay searches
• Microscopic description of hexadecapole collectivity in even-even rare-earth nuclei near $N=90$
• Impact of isovector pairing fluctuation on neutrinoless double-beta decay in multi-reference covariant density functional theory
• The MONUMENT Experiment: Ordinary Muon Capture studies for 0$\nu \beta \beta$ decay
• Effects of pairing strength on the nuclear structure and double-$\beta$ decay predictions within the mapped interacting boson model
• Magnetic structure of $A\le 10$ nuclei using the Norfolk nuclear models with quantum Monte Carlo methods
• Microscopic description of quadrupole-hexadecapole coupling in radium, thorium, uranium and plutonium isotopes with the Gogny energy density functional
• Two-neutrino $\beta \beta$ decay of ${}^{136}$Xe to the first excited $0^{+}$ state in ${}^{136}$Ba
• Quadrupole-hexadecapole correlations in neutron-rich samarium and gadolinium isotopes
• Estimation of nuclear matrix elements of double-$\beta$ decay from shell model and quasiparticle random-phase approximation
• High-precision $Q$-value measurement and nuclear matrix elements for the double-$\beta$ decay of ${}^{98}$Mo
• Implications of the Dark LMA solution and Fourth Sterile Neutrino for Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay
• On ${}^{146}$Nd, ${}^{144}$Sm and other unexplored 2$\beta$ decay isotopes
• The Non-Quenching of $g_A$ in Nuclei and Emergent Scale Symmetry in Dense Baryonic Matter
• Gamow-Teller transitions from high-spin isomers in $N=Z$ nuclei
• Two-body weak currents in heavy nuclei
• Comparative study of ${}^6$He $\beta$-decay based on different similarity-renormalization-group evolved chiral interactions
• Investigation of pair-correlated $0^{+}$ states in ${}^{134}$Ba via the ${}^{136}$Ba($p,t$) reaction
• Translationally invariant matrix elements of general one-body operators
• Detailed studies of ${}^{100}$Mo two-neutrino double beta decay in NEMO-3
• Nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double-beta decay in covariant density functional theory with different mechanisms
• Flavoured Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• $\Delta$L=2 hyperon decays induced by Majorana neutrinos and doubly-charged scalars
• Interplay between non-interfering neutrino exchange mechanisms and nuclear matrix elements in $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay
• Nuclear Axial Currents from Scale-Chiral Effective Field Theory
• Required sensitivity to search the neutrinoless double beta decay in ${}^{124}Sn$
• Double Beta Decay Experiments at Canfranc Underground Laboratory
• Pairing properties of the double-β emitter 116Cd
• Low Energy Constraints From Absolute Neutrino Mass Observables and Lepton Flavor Violation in Left-Right Symmetric Model
• Parameter dependence of the $\beta$-decay properties of neutron-rich Zr isotopes within the interacting boson model
• Spectroscopy of states in ${}^{136}\mathrm{Ba}$ using the ${}^{138}\mathrm{Ba}(\mathrm{p},\mathrm{t})$ reaction
• Double-beta decay of ${}^{150}$Nd to excited levels of ${}^{150}$Sm
• Investigating nuclear beta decay using lattice quantum Monte Carlo approach
• Reproduction of exact solutions of Lipkin model by nonlinear random-phase approximation
• Leptogenesis in an extended seesaw model with $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry
• Configuration mixing effects on neutrinoless $\beta \beta$-decay nuclear matrix elements
• Scattering Observables from One- and Two-Body Densities: Formalism and Application to $\gamma {}^3$He Scattering
• Constraining Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay Matrix Elements from Ab Initio Nuclear Theory
• Inference of neutrino nature and Majorana CP phases from $0\nu \beta \beta$ decays with inverted mass ordering
• Final Results of the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR's Search for Double-Beta Decay of ${}^{76}$Ge to Excited States of ${}^{76}$Se
• Dirac-Majorana neutrinos distinction in four-body decays
• Electromagnetic transitions from isobaric analogue states to study nuclear matrix elements for double beta decays and astro-neutrino inverse beta decays
• Neutrinoless double-beta decay in a finite volume from relativistic effective field theory
• Subspace-projected multireference covariant density functional theory
• Effective field theories for collective excitations of atomic nuclei
• Recent Results from the Majorana Demonstrator
• Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay and $<\eta >$ Mechanism in the Left-Right Symmetric Model
• Quadrupole-hexadecapole coupling in the rare earth region with beyond mean field correlations
• Evidence of a higher nodal band $\alpha$+${}^{44}$Ca cluster state in fusion reactions and $\alpha$ clustering in ${}^{48}$Ti
• Nuclear matrix elements calculation for $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay of ${}^{124}$Sn using nonclosure approach in nuclear shell model
• Effect of Spin-Dependent Short-Range Correlations on Nuclear Matrix Elements for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of ${}^{48}$Ca
• Projections of Discovery Potentials from Expected Background
• $\alpha$ + ${}^{92}$Zr cluster structure in ${}^{96}$Mo
• The Role of Ab Initio Beta-Decay Calculations in Light Nuclei for Probes of Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Neutrinoless $\beta \beta$ decay in the interacting boson model based on the nuclear energy density functionals
• Simultaneous impacts of nuclear shell structure and collectivity on $\beta$ decay: Evidence from ${}^{80}$Ga${}_{49}$
• Benchmarking nuclear matrix elements of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay with high-energy nuclear collisions
• Sensitivity analysis of $\beta$-decay half-life predictions for Ge, As, Zr and Mo nuclei within the mapped interacting boson model
• Two-body currents at finite momentum transfer and applications to M1 transitions
• Advances in modeling nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double beta decay
• High-resolution (p,t) reaction measurements as spectroscopic tests of {\it ab-initio} theory in the mid $pf$-shell
• Investigation of the cause of the discrepancies between calculated running sums for nuclear matrix elements of two-neutrino double-$\beta$ decay
• Neutrino Mass Matrix in Neutrino-Related Processes
• Precise ${}^{136}$Xe Double Beta Decay Measurement in PandaX-4T with Implications on the Nuclear Matrix Elements and Majorons
• Nuclear transition matrix elements for neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay within mechanisms involving light Majorana neutrino mass and right-handed current
• Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay and Realistic Shell Model
• Nuclear correlation functions using first-principle calculations of lattice quantum chromodynamics
• Measurement of the $2\nu \beta \beta$ decay rate and spectral shape of ${}^{100}$Mo from the CUPID-Mo experiment
• Status and Perspectives of Neutrino Physics
• Measuring nuclear reaction cross sections to extract information on neutrinoless double beta decay
• Two-neutrino $\beta \beta$ decay to excited states at next-to-leading order
• CP violation in $B_s$ decays mediated by two nearly-degenerate Majorana neutrinos
• Canadian Contributions to the Search for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay
• Sensitivity of neutrinoless double beta decays from a combined analysis of ground and excited states
• Majorana neutrino mass constraints in the landscape of nuclear matrix elements
• The study of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay of ${}^{136}$Xe using nonclosure approach in nuclear shell model
• Study of the double Gamow-Teller transitions using the shell model approach
• Muon to positron conversion
• Benchmarking projected generator coordinate method for nuclear Gamow-Teller transitions
• Recent applications of the subtracted second RPA method
• Quasi-elastic scattering for the nuclear ground state structure: An intriguing case of ${}^{30}$Si