The Role of Lattice QCD in Searches for Violations of Fundamental Symmetries and Signals for New Physics

Abstract

This document is one of a series of whitepapers from the USQCD collaboration. Here, we discuss opportunities for Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (LQCD) in the research frontier in fundamental symmetries and signals for new physics. LQCD, in synergy with effective field theories and nuclear many-body studies, provides theoretical support to ongoing and planned experimental programs in searches for electric dipole moments of the nucleon, nuclei and atoms, decay of the proton, $n$-$\overline{n}$ oscillations, neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay of a nucleus, conversion of muon to electron, precision measurements of weak decays of the nucleon and of nuclei, precision isotope-shift spectroscopy, as well as direct dark matter detection experiments using nuclear targets. This whitepaper details the objectives of the LQCD program in the area of Fundamental Symmetries within the USQCD collaboration, identifies priorities that can be addressed within the next five years, and elaborates on the areas that will likely demand a high degree of innovation in both numerical and analytical frontiers of the LQCD research.

A whitepaper by the USQCD Collaboration, 30 pages, 9 figures

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• A renormalized approach to neutrinoless double-beta decay
• Sterile neutrinos and neutrinoless double beta decay in effective field theory
• Hadrons and Nuclei
• Nuclear matrix elements from lattice QCD for electroweak and beyond-Standard-Model processes
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• Lattice QCD and Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering
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• Status and Future Perspectives for Lattice Gauge Theory Calculations to the Exascale and Beyond
• Supersymmetric Proton Decay Revisited
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• The path from lattice QCD to the short-distance contribution to $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay with a light Majorana neutrino
• Path integral contour deformations for observables in $SU(N)$ gauge theory
• Sum rules for CP-violating operators of Weinberg type
• Path integral contour deformations for noisy observables
• Weinberg operator contribution to the nucleon electric dipole moment in the quark model
• Opportunities for lattice QCD in quark and lepton flavor physics
• New method for calculating electromagnetic effects in semileptonic beta-decays of mesons
• Lattice Gauge Theory for Physics Beyond the Standard Model
• Lattice QCD Inputs for Nuclear Double Beta Decay
• A New Theory Framework for the Electroweak Radiative Corrections in $K_{l3}$ Decays
• Radiative corrections to semileptonic beta decays: Progress and challenges
• On the Extraction of Low-energy Constants of Single- and Double-$\beta$ Decays from Lattice QCD: A Sensitivity Analysis
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• Flow-based density of states for complex actions
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• Light-cone sum rules for proton decay
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• Semi-leptonic three-body proton decay modes from light-cone sum rules
• Contribution of the Weinberg-type Operator to atomic and nuclear electric dipole moments