Quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics

Abstract

It is for the first time that Quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics (HEP) is studied in the U.S. decadal particle-physics community planning, and in fact until recently, this was not considered a mainstream topic in the community. This fact speaks of a remarkable rate of growth of this subfield over the past few years, stimulated by the impressive advancements in Quantum Information Sciences (QIS) and associated technologies over the past decade, and the significant investment in this area by the government and private sectors in the U.S. and other countries. High-energy physicists have quickly identified problems of importance to our understanding of nature at the most fundamental level, from tiniest distances to cosmological extents, that are intractable with classical computers but may benefit from quantum advantage. They have initiated, and continue to carry out, a vigorous program in theory, algorithm, and hardware co-design for simulations of relevance to the HEP mission. This community whitepaper is an attempt to bring this exciting and yet challenging area of research to the spotlight, and to elaborate on what the promises, requirements, challenges, and potential solutions are over the next decade and beyond.

This is a whitepaper prepared for the topical groups CompF6 (Quantum computing), TF05 (Lattice Gauge Theory), and TF10 (Quantum Information Science) within the Computational Frontier and Theory Frontier of the U.S. Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021). 103 pages and 1 figure

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• Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and quantum error mitigation
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• A Quantum Gas Microscope for Fermionic Atoms
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• t$|$ket$⟩$ : A Retargetable Compiler for NISQ Devices
• Ultracold atoms out of equilibrium
• Chiral Perturbation Theory and Baryon Properties
• Atomic Quantum Simulation of U(N) and SU(N) Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
• Scalable mitigation of measurement errors on quantum computers
• A cold-atom quantum simulator for SU(2) Yang-Mills lattice gauge theory
• Neutron Stars and the Nuclear Equation of State
• Collective neutrino flavor transitions in supernovae and the role of trajectory averaging
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• A concise review of Rydberg atom based quantum computation and quantum simulation
• Programmable Interactions and Emergent Geometry in an Atomic Array
• CP Violation in Leptonic Rare $B_s^0$ Decays as a Probe of New Physics
• Optical Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
• Nuclear Physics from Lattice QCD
• Mitigating depolarizing noise on quantum computers with noise-estimation circuits
• Quantum Quenches, Thermalization and Many-Body Localization
• Digital lattice gauge theories
• Simulating 2+1d Lattice QED with dynamical matter using ultracold atoms
• Towards simulating 2D effects in lattice gauge theories on a quantum computer
• Search for Efficient Formulations for Hamiltonian Simulation of non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
• Entanglement Hamiltonian Tomography in Quantum Simulation
• Towards a quantum theory of de Sitter space
• Quantum scars from zero modes in an Abelian lattice gauge theory on ladders
• Quantum Computation of Finite-Temperature Static and Dynamical Properties of Spin Systems Using Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution
• Grassmann Tensor Renormalization Group Approach to One-Flavor Lattice Schwinger Model
• QCD Thermodynamics from the Lattice
• Analog quantum error correction with encoding a qubit into an oscillator
• Learning to Measure: Adaptive Informationally Complete Generalized Measurements for Quantum Algorithms
• Confronting gravitational-wave observations with modern nuclear physics constraints
• Strongly interacting ultracold polar molecules
• False vacuum decay in quantum spin chains
• Critical behavior of lattice Schwinger model with topological term at $\theta =\pi$ using Grassmann tensor renormalization group
• Tensor lattice field theory with applications to the renormalization group and quantum computing
• Simulation of Collective Neutrino Oscillations on a Quantum Computer
• Grassmann tensor renormalization group for one-flavor lattice Gross-Neveu model with finite chemical potential
• Nuclear matrix elements from lattice QCD for electroweak and beyond-Standard-Model processes
• Single-particle digitization strategy for quantum computation of a ${\varphi }^4$ scalar field theory
• Gauge protection in non-Abelian lattice gauge theories
• A gauge redundancy-free formulation of compact QED with dynamical matter for quantum and classical computations
• Preparation of excited states for nuclear dynamics on a quantum computer
• Long-range Heisenberg models in quasi-periodically driven crystals of trapped ions
• Quantum Variational Learning of the Entanglement Hamiltonian
• Nearly tight Trotterization of interacting electrons
• Entanglement and Many-Body effects in Collective Neutrino Oscillations
• Matrix Model simulations using Quantum Computing, Deep Learning, and Lattice Monte Carlo
• Competing many-body interactions in systems of trapped ions
• Qubit regularization of asymptotic freedom
• Dimensional Expressivity Analysis of Parametric Quantum Circuits
• Quantum algorithms for transport coefficients in gauge theories
• Event Generation from Effective Field Theory
• Determining the proton content with a quantum computer
• Simulating Hadronic Physics on NISQ devices using Basis Light-Front Quantization
• Spectral splits and entanglement entropy in collective neutrino oscillations
• Light-Front Field Theory on Current Quantum Computers
• Toward Quantum Simulations of ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Gauge Theory Without State Preparation
• Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution Algorithm for Quantum Field Theories with Continuous Variables
• Quantum Simulation of Light-Front Parton Correlators
• Dynamical Phase Transitions in models of Collective Neutrino Oscillations
• Prospects for Simulating a Qudit Based Model of (1+1)d Scalar QED
• Lattice Renormalization of Quantum Simulations
• Progress towards quantum simulating the classical O(2) model
• Active Readout Error Mitigation
• Scalable cold-atom quantum simulator for two-dimensional QED
• Qubit-efficient entanglement spectroscopy using qubit resets
• Real-time quantum calculations of phase shifts using wave packet time delays
• Collective neutrino oscillations with tensor networks using a time-dependent variational principle
• Accurate exponents from approximate tensor renormalizations
• Nucleation is More than Critical -- A Case Study of the Electroweak Phase Transition in the NMSSM
• The fate of the false vacuum: Finite temperature, entropy and topological phase in quantum simulations of the early universe
• Investigating a (3+1)D Topological $\theta$-Term in the Hamiltonian Formulation of Lattice Gauge Theories for Quantum and Classical Simulations
• Irreducible SU(3) Schwinger Bosons
• Theoretical methods to design and test quantum simulators for the compact Abelian Higgs model
• Analog cosmological reheating in an ultracold Bose gas
• Digital-Analog Quantum Simulations Using The Cross-Resonance Effect
• Dynamics after quenches in one-dimensional quantum Ising-like systems
• Continuous-variable error correction for general Gaussian noises
• Bulk geometry in gauge/gravity duality and color degrees of freedom
• Towards a variational Jordan-Lee-Preskill quantum algorithm
• Demonstration of Shor encoding on a trapped-ion quantum computer
• Bubble Clustering in Cosmological First Order Phase Transitions
• Examples of symmetry-preserving truncations in tensor field theory
• Phase structure of the CP(1) model in the presence of a topological $\theta$-term
• Zero momentum modes in discrete light-cone quantization
• Particle creation in the spin modes of a dynamically oscillating two-component Bose-Einstein condensate
• On Quantum Simulation Of Cosmic Inflation

Cited by in corpus (159)

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• Quantum Computing for High-Energy Physics: State of the Art and Challenges. Summary of the QC4HEP Working Group
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• High-Energy Collision of Quarks and Mesons in the Schwinger Model: From Tensor Networks to Circuit QED
• Neutrino Oscillations in Core-Collapse Supernovae and Neutron Star Mergers
• Quantum Simulation of the Bosonic Kitaev Chain
• Scattering wave packets of hadrons in gauge theories: Preparation on a quantum computer
• Classical and Quantum Computing of Shear Viscosity for $2+1D$ SU(2) Gauge Theory
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• Variational quantum simulation of U(1) lattice gauge theories with qudit systems
• Systematic study of High $E_J/E_C$ transmon qudits up to $d=12$
• Measuring the Loschmidt amplitude for finite-energy properties of the Fermi-Hubbard model on an ion-trap quantum computer
• Quantum Simulation of Z2 Lattice Gauge theory with minimal resources
• From square plaquettes to triamond lattices for SU(2) gauge theory
• Simple Hamiltonian for Quantum Simulation of Strongly Coupled 2+1D SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory on a Honeycomb Lattice
• Hybrid Oscillator-Qubit Quantum Processors: Instruction Set Architectures, Abstract Machine Models, and Applications
• Real-time scattering in the lattice Schwinger model
• Conserved charges in the quantum simulation of integrable spin chains
• Qu8its for Quantum Simulations of Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics
• Quantum simulation of entanglement and hadronization in jet production: lessons from the massive Schwinger model
• Gauge Theory Couplings on Anisotropic Lattices
• A Cold-Atom Particle Collider
• Loop-string-hadron approach to SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills theory: I. Hilbert space of a trivalent vertex
• Exponential improvements in the simulation of lattice gauge theories using near-optimal techniques
• Simulating quantum field theories on continuous-variable quantum computers
• Simulating ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory with the Variational Quantum Thermalizer
• Quantum algorithms for scientific computing
• Nuclear scattering via quantum computing
• Toward QCD on Quantum Computer: Orbifold Lattice Approach
• Persistent currents in ultracold gases
• Stirring the false vacuum via interacting quantized bubbles on a 5564-qubit quantum annealer
• Simulating neutrino oscillations on a superconducting qutrit
• Spin exchange-enabled quantum simulator for large-scale non-Abelian gauge theories
• Ergodicity Breaking Under Confinement in Cold-Atom Quantum Simulators
• Average-case Speedup for Product Formulas
• Quantum Complexity Fluctuations from Nuclear and Hypernuclear Forces
• Efficient and precise quantum simulation of ultra-relativistic quark-nucleus scattering
• An efficient finite-resource formulation of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories beyond one dimension
• Quantum Computing Universal Thermalization Dynamics in a (2+1)D Lattice Gauge Theory
• Coulomb interaction-driven entanglement of electrons on helium
• Entanglement in massive Schwinger model at finite temperature and density
• Efficient Quantum Simulation of QCD Jets on the Light Front
• Scattering Amplitude from Quantum Computing with Reduction Formula
• Quantum Algorithms for Inverse Participation Ratio Estimation in multi-qubit and multi-qudit systems
• Real-time chiral dynamics at finite temperature from quantum simulation
• Quantum Computing for Energy Correlators
• Quantum simulation of colour in perturbative quantum chromodynamics
• Accuracy guarantees and quantum advantage in analogue open quantum simulation with and without noise
• Continuous variable quantum computation of the $O(3)$ model in 1+1 dimensions
• Accelerated quantum circuit Monte-Carlo simulation for heavy quark thermalization
• Fermionic wave packet scattering: a quantum computing approach
• Randomized measurement protocols for lattice gauge theories
• Non-linear chiral magnetic waves
• Synthetic ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauge theories based on parametric excitations of trapped ions
• Quantum thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes in lattice gauge theories
• Quantum state preparation for multivariate functions
• Quantum Many-Body Scarring in a Non-Abelian Lattice Gauge Theory
• Entanglement Structures in Quantum Field Theories II: Distortions of Vacuum Correlations Through the Lens of Local Observers
• Emergent Hydrodynamic Mode on SU(2) Plaquette Chains and Quantum Simulation
• The phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics in one dimension on a quantum computer
• Hilbert space fragmentation at the origin of disorder-free localization in the lattice Schwinger model
• Enhancing Quantum Field Theory Simulations on NISQ Devices with Hamiltonian Truncation
• Hybrid Tree Tensor Networks for quantum simulation
• Quantum Simulation of Bound State Scattering
• Measurement-induced multipartite-entanglement regimes in collective spin systems
• Large-Scale $2+1$D $\mathrm{U}(1)$ Gauge Theory with Dynamical Matter in a Cold-Atom Quantum Simulator
• Hamiltonian and Liouvillian learning in weakly-dissipative quantum many-body systems
• Improved Honeycomb and Hyperhoneycomb Lattice Hamiltonians for Quantum Simulations of Non-Abelian Gauge Theories
• Scalable, ab initio protocol for quantum simulating SU($N$)$\times$U(1) Lattice Gauge Theories
• Multi-variable integration with a variational quantum circuit
• Dihedral Lattice Gauge Theories on a Quantum Annealer
• Quantum Simulation of Two-Dimensional $\mathrm{U}(1)$ Gauge Theory in Rydberg and Rydberg-Dressed Atom Arrays
• A quantum algorithm for track reconstruction in the LHCb vertex detector
• Detect anomalous quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders with quantum kernel k-means
• Quantum-Computer-Based Verification of Quantum Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relation
• Collective Neutrino Oscillations in Three Flavors on Qubit and Qutrit Processors
• On the properties of qudits
• Quantum State-Channel Duality for the calculation of Standard Model scattering amplitudes
• Anomaly inflow, dualities, and quantum simulation of abelian lattice gauge theories induced by measurements
• Stabilizer Scars
• Block encoding bosons by signal processing
• Quantum mean estimation for lattice field theory
• Randomised benchmarking for universal qudit gates
• Parton Distribution Functions in the Schwinger model from Tensor Network States
• End-to-end complexity for simulating the Schwinger model on quantum computers
• Critical behavior of lattice gauge theory Rydberg simulators from effective Hamiltonians
• A quantum information perspective on meson melting
• Engineering of a Low-Entropy Quantum Simulator for Strongly Correlated Electrons Using SU($\mathcal{N}$)-Symmetric Cold Atom Mixtures
• Computational Electromagnetics Meets Spin Qubits: Controlling Noise Effects in Quantum Sensing and Computing
• Lefschetz thimble-inspired weight regularizations for complex Langevin simulations
• How to Build a Black Hole out of Instantons
• Fault-tolerant simulation of Lattice Gauge Theories with gauge covariant codes
• Solving lattice gauge theories using the quantum Krylov algorithm and qubitization
• All you need is spin: SU(2) equivariant variational quantum circuits based on spin networks
• Trotterization is substantially efficient for low-energy states
• Observing quantum many-body scars in random quantum circuits
• Ladder Operator Block-Encoding
• Noise-aware variational eigensolvers: a dissipative route for lattice gauge theories
• Reflection and Transmission Amplitudes in a Digital Quantum Simulation
• Local vs non-local dynamics in cavity-coupled Rydberg atom arrays
• Quantum simulating continuum field theories with large-spin lattice models
• Quantum simulation of the phase transition of the massive Thirring model
• Quantum dynamics of cosmological particle production: interacting quantum field theories with matrix product states
• Fundamental Limits of Feedback Cooling Ultracold Atomic Gases
• Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
• Systematic many-fermion Hamiltonian input scheme and spectral calculations on quantum computers
• Partial-transpose-guided entanglement classes and minimum noise filtering in many-body Gaussian quantum systems
• Symmetry verification for noisy quantum simulations of non-Abelian lattice gauge theories
• Simulation of open quantum systems on universal quantum computers
• Spontaneous symmetry breaking in a $SO(3)$ non-Abelian lattice gauge theory in $2+1$D with quantum algorithms
• Unification of Finite Symmetries in Simulation of Many-body Systems on Quantum Computers
• String-Breaking Dynamics in Quantum Adiabatic and Diabatic Processes
• Field digitization scaling in a ${\mathbb{Z}}_N\subset U(1)$ symmetric model
• Magic of discrete lattice gauge theories
• Renormalized dual basis for scalable simulations of 2+1D compact quantum electrodynamics
• Optimal Particle-Conserved Linear Encoding for Practical Fermionic Simulation
• Simulating quantum field theories on gate-based quantum computers
• Pathfinding Quantum Simulations of Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay
• Quantum computing of chirality imbalance in SU(2) gauge theory
• Quantum simulations of complex systems
• Mass-Assisted Local Deconfinement in a Confined ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Lattice Gauge Theory
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• Partial confinement in a quantum-link simulator
• A quantum machine learning classifier to search for new physics
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• Perturbation theory, irrep truncations, and state preparation methods for quantum simulations of SU(3) lattice gauge theory
• Creation of Wave Packets for Quantum Chromodynamics on Quantum Computers
• Robust quantum many-body scars in lattice gauge theories
• Topological crystals and soliton lattices in a Gross-Neveu model with Hilbert-space fragmentation
• Stability of the symmetry-protected topological phase and Ising transitions in a disordered U(1) quantum link model on a ladder
• Gapless deconfined phase in a ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ symmetric Hamiltonian created in a cold-atom setup
• Nonperturbative signatures of fractons in the twisted multiflavor Schwinger Model
• Superselection-Resolved Entanglement in Lattice Gauge Theories: A Tensor Network Approach
• Quantum optimal control of the Dicke manifold in dipolar Rydberg atom arrays
• Meson dynamics from locally exciting a particle-conserving $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory
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• All Hilbert spaces are the same: consequences for generalized coordinates and momenta
• Quantum computational resources for lattice QCD in the strong-coupling limit
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• Quantum Monte Carlo and Stabilizer States