QCD Thermodynamics from the Lattice

Abstract

We review the current methods and results of lattice simulations of quantum chromodynamics at nonzero temperatures and densities. The review is intended to introduce the subject to interested nonspecialists and beginners. It includes a brief overview of lattice gauge theory, a discussion of the determination of the crossover temperature, the QCD phase diagram at zero and nonzero densities, the equation of state, some in-medium properties of hadrons including charmonium, and some plasma transport coefficients.

74 pp. 31 figs. To appear in the European Physical Journal A and Advances in Physics of Particles and Nuclei. Added references, corrected typos, and updated the discussion of the thermal heavy quark/antiquark potential. Added and updated references. Final version

References in corpus (106)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• Exactly massless quarks on the lattice
• Color-Flavor Locking and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in High Density QCD
• A Method for Simulating Chiral Fermions on the Lattice
• Thermodynamics of SU(3) Lattice Gauge Theory
• A New Way to Set the Energy Scale in Lattice Gauge Theories and its Application to the Static Force and ${\alpha }_s$ in SU(2) Yang--Mills Theory
• Diquark Bose Condensates in High Density Matter and Instantons
• Exact chiral symmetry on the lattice and the Ginsparg-Wilson relation
• The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit
• Critical point of QCD at finite T and μ, lattice results for physical quark masses
• The QCD phase diagram for small densities from imaginary chemical potential
• A construction of lattice chiral gauge theories
• Lattice determination of the critical point of QCD at finite T and μ
• The QCD transition temperature: results with physical masses in the continuum limit II.
• Axial symmetries in lattice QCD with Kaplan fermions
• On the Phase Diagram of QCD
• The QCD thermal phase transition in the presence of a small chemical potential
• The QCD Equation of State with almost Physical Quark Masses
• Equation of state and QCD transition at finite temperature
• Finite density QCD via imaginary chemical potential
• Highly Improved Staggered Quarks on the Lattice, with Applications to Charm Physics
• Maximum Entropy Analysis of the Spectral Functions in Lattice QCD
• Real-time static potential in hot QCD
• A new method to study lattice QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential
• $J/\psi$ and ${\eta }_c$ in the Deconfined Plasma from Lattice QCD
• Static quark-antiquark pairs at finite temperature
• Full nonperturbative QCD simulations with 2+1 flavors of improved staggered quarks
• A calculation of the bulk viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• The pressure of hot QCD up to g^6 ln(1/g)
• Chirally improving Wilson fermions - I. O(a) improvement
• Behavior of Charmonium Systems after Deconfinement
• A calculation of the shear viscosity in SU(3) gluodynamics
• Free Energy of QCD at High Temperature
• Quark mass thresholds in QCD thermodynamics
• The Pressure in 2, 2+1 and 3 Flavour QCD
• Light hadrons with improved staggered quarks: approaching the continuum limit
• Variants of fattening and flavor symmetry restoration
• Spectral functions at small energies and the electrical conductivity in hot, quenched lattice QCD
• QCD at finite chemical potential with six time slices
• The chiral critical line of N_f=2+1 QCD at zero and non-zero baryon density
• The critical end point of QCD
• Flavor-Symmetry Restoration and Symanzik Improvement for Staggered Quarks
• QCD Thermodynamics with Three Flavors of Improved Staggered Quarks
• Lattice QCD at finite isospin density at zero and finite temperature
• The Status of Lattice QCD at Finite Temperature
• Pressure and non-linear susceptibilities in QCD at finite chemical potentials
• Equation of State for the SU(3) Gauge Theory
• Can stochastic quantization evade the sign problem? -- the relativistic Bose gas at finite chemical potential
• The electrical conductivity and soft photon emissivity of the QCD plasma
• Charmonium at high temperature in two-flavor QCD
• Testing improved actions for dynamical Kogut-Susskind quarks
• Can quarkonia survive deconfinement ?
• Charmonium at finite temperature in quenched lattice QCD
• Phase structure and critical temperature of two-flavor QCD with a renormalization group improved gauge action and clover improved Wilson quark action
• Results on Finite Density QCD
• Hadronic Spectral Functions in Lattice QCD
• Chirally improving Wilson fermions
• The density of states method at non-zero chemical potential
• The Chiral Critical Point in 3-Flavour QCD
• Lattice QCD at finite density via a new canonical approach
• The chiral critical point of Nf=3 QCD at finite density to the order (mu/T)^4
• Finite density QCD with a canonical approach
• A Lattice Calculation of Thermal Dilepton Rates
• Stochastic quantization at finite chemical potential
• Where is the chiral critical point in 3-flavor QCD?
• Non-relativistic bound states at finite temperature (I): the hydrogen atom
• Equation of state in finite-temperature QCD with two flavors of improved Wilson quarks
• Dynamical overlap fermions, results with hybrid Monte-Carlo algorithm
• Scaling tests of the improved Kogut-Susskind quark action
• Spectral flow, condensate and topology in lattice QCD
• On the existence of the critical point in finite density lattice QCD
• Lattice Simulations of the Thermodynamics of Strongly Interacting Elementary Particles and the Exploration of New Phases of Matter in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions
• The Polyakov Loop and its Relation to Static Quark Potentials and Free Energies
• Two flavor QCD and Confinement
• The quenched limit of lattice QCD at non-zero baryon number
• Improved staggered quark actions with reduced flavour symmetry violations for lattice QCD
• Improved Staggered Fermion Actions for QCD Thermodynamics
• Fixed Scale Approach to Equation of State in Lattice QCD
• Perturbative Improvement for Lattice QCD: An Update
• Complex Langevin dynamics at finite chemical potential: mean field analysis in the relativistic Bose gas
• Energy-momentum tensor correlators and spectral functions
• Quenched hadron spectroscopy with improved staggered quark action
• Localization and chiral symmetry in 2+1 flavor domain wall QCD
• The Low-Lying Dirac Spectrum of Staggered Quarks
• Breakdown of staggered fermions at nonzero chemical potential
• QCD thermodynamics with 2+1 flavors at nonzero chemical potential
• Progress on Perfect Lattice Actions for QCD
• The finite temperature QCD phase transition with domain wall fermions
• Localization properties of lattice fermions with plaquette and improved gauge actions
• Lattice QCD at finite temperature : present status
• Evidence for O(2) universality at the finite temperature transition for lattice QCD with 2 flavours of massless staggered quarks
• Tests of Improved Kogut-Susskind Fermion Actions
• Lattice QCD at finite temperature and density in the phase-quenched approximation
• The Spatial String Tension and Dimensional Reduction in QCD
• QCD In Extreme Conditions
• Improving the staggered quark action to reduce flavour symmetry violations
• Lattice cut-off effects and their reduction in studies of QCD thermodynamics at non-zero temperature and chemical potential
• Two-flavor QCD Thermodynamics using Anisotropic Lattices
• Fluctuations of Goldstone modes and the chiral transition in QCD
• Finite Density Simulations with Canonical Ensemble
• Winding number expansion for the canonical approach to finite density simulations
• Toward a precise determination of Tc with 2+1 flavors of quarks
• Thermodynamics and heavy-quark free energies at finite temperature and density with two flavors of improved Wilson quarks
• On the phase diagram of QCD at finite isospin density
• Lattice QCD thermodynamics with Wilson quarks
• Quark Mass Dependence of the QCD Equation of State on N_tau=8 Lattices

Cited by in corpus (69)

• Heavy quarkonium: progress, puzzles, and opportunities
• The equation of state in (2+1)-flavor QCD
• The phase diagram of dense QCD
• QCD and strongly coupled gauge theories: challenges and perspectives
• Full nonperturbative QCD simulations with 2+1 flavors of improved staggered quarks
• Quantum Simulation for High Energy Physics
• Thermodynamics of the QCD plasma and the large-N limit
• SU(N) gauge theories at large N
• Hadron Production in Ultra-relativistic Nuclear Collisions: Quarkyonic Matter and a Triple Point in the Phase Diagram of QCD
• Transport Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma -- A Lattice QCD Perspective
• Production and Elliptic Flow of Dileptons and Photons in the semi-Quark Gluon Plasma
• Prelude to Compressed Baryonic Matter
• Effective matrix model for deconfinement in pure gauge theories
• Twenty-first Century Lattice Gauge Theory: Results from the QCD Lagrangian
• How Wide is the Transition to Deconfinement?
• Phase diagram and surface tension in the three-flavor Polyakov-quark-meson model
• QCD matter in extreme environments
• Towards finite density QCD with Taylor expansions
• Finite size effects in the presence of a chemical potential: A study in the classical non-linear O(2) sigma-model
• Small shear viscosity in the semi quark gluon plasma
• The Bulk Channel in Thermal Gauge Theories
• Critical endpoint for deconfinement in matrix and other effective models
• Thermodynamics of (2+1)-flavor strongly interacting matter at nonzero isospin
• Thermodynamics of SU(N) Yang-Mills theories in 2+1 dimensions II - The deconfined phase
• Casimir scaling and renormalization of Polyakov loops in large-N gauge theories
• Introductory lectures to large-N QCD phenomenology and lattice results
• Probing the finite temperature phase transition with Nf=2 nonperturbatively improved Wilson fermions
• Quarkonium in Hot Medium
• Second-order and Fluctuation-induced First-order Phase Transitions with Functional Renormalization Group Equations
• Dilepton and photon production in the presence of a nontrivial Polyakov loop
• Chiral symmetry restoration at high matter density observed in pionic atoms
• Pion structure in the nuclear medium
• The equation of state of quark-gluon matter from lattice QCD with two flavors of twisted-mass Wilson fermions
• Holographic Roberge-Weiss Transitions
• Cosmic-ray antiproton constraints on light singlino-like dark matter candidates
• Collisional energy loss above the critical temperature in QCD
• Thermodynamic potential with correct asymptotics for PNJL model
• Gross-Witten-Wadia transition in a matrix model of deconfinement
• Gravitational waves from chiral phase transition in a conformally extended standard model
• Phase diagram of hot and dense QCD constrained by the Statistical Model
• Stealth dark matter confinement transition and gravitational waves
• $Abinitio$ derivation of lattice gauge theory dynamics for cold gases in optical lattices
• Breaking of universal relationships of axial wI-modes in hybrid stars: rapid and slow hadron-quark conversion scenarios
• Isospin Breaking and chiral symmetry restoration
• Effects of QCD Equation of State on the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Effects of finite volume and magnetic fields on thermodynamic properties of quark matter and fluctuations of conserved charges
• Minimal length, maximal momentum and stochastic gravitational waves spectrum generated from cosmological QCD phase transition
• A minimal quasiparticle approach for the QGP and its large-$N_c$ limits
• Zero interface tension at the deconfining phase transition for a matrix model of a $SU(\infty )$ gauge theory
• Matrix model for deconfinement in an SU(2) gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions
• Chiral soliton model at finite temperature and density
• QCD Phase Diagram by Holography
• Generalized uncertainty principle and stochastic gravitational wave background spectrum
• Proper heavy-quark potential from a spectral decomposition of the thermal Wilson loop
• Effective Model Approach to the Dense State of QCD Matter
• Heavy Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and Higgs Naturalness from a Strongly Interacting Hidden Sector
• Renormalized Polyakov loop in the Fixed Scale Approach
• Hubble selection of the weak scale from QCD quantum critical point
• QCD at non-zero temperature: bulk properties and heavy quarks
• Glueballs, gluon condensate, and pure glue QCD below T_c
• Chiral transition and deconfinement transition in QCD with the highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action
• Path-Integral Approach to Scale Anomaly at Finite Temperature
• In-medium hadron properties from lattice QCD
• Inhomogeneous Polyakov loop induced by inhomogeneous chiral condensates
• External Fields and the Dynamics of Fundamental Flavours in Holographic Duals of Large N Gauge Theories
• Primordial magnetic field generation in the Quark Gluon Plasma phase
• Gapless deconfined phase in a ${\mathbb{Z}}_N$ symmetric Hamiltonian created in a cold-atom setup
• Momentum space topology of QCD
• Looking for $U(1{)}_A$ Restoration in Hot QCD with Domain Wall Fermions