The QCD Equation of State with almost Physical Quark Masses

Abstract

We present results on the equation of state in QCD with two light quark flavors and a heavier strange quark. Calculations with improved staggered fermions have been performed on lattices with temporal extent Nt =4 and 6 on a line of constant physics with almost physical quark mass values; the pion mass is about 220 MeV, and the strange quark mass is adjusted to its physical value. High statistics results on large lattices are obtained for bulk thermodynamic observables, i.e. pressure, energy and entropy density, at vanishing quark chemical potential for a wide range of temperatures, 140 MeV < T < 800 MeV. We present a detailed discussion of finite cut-off effects which become particularly significant for temperatures larger than about twice the transition temperature. At these high temperatures we also performed calculations of the trace anomaly on lattices with temporal extent Nt=8. Furthermore, we have performed an extensive analysis of zero temperature observables including the light and strange quark condensates and the static quark potential at zero temperature. These are used to set the temperature scale for thermodynamic observables and to calculate renormalized observables that are sensitive to deconfinement and chiral symmetry restoration and become order parameters in the infinite and zero quark mass limits, respectively.

arXiv comment22 pages, 17 EPS-figures; revised version, updated references, data added in Tab.1, several smaller changes

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• Modifications on nucleon parameters at finite temperature
• Energy scan by $\varphi$ mesons and threshold energy for the confinement-deconfinement phase transition
• Some Comments on Relativistic Hydrodynamics and Fuzzy Bags
• Soft Physics from RHIC to LHC
• Low-energy QCD and hadronic structure
• Impact of Baryon anti-Baryon annihilation on hyperon ($\Lambda$, $\bar{\Lambda }$) production and apparent strangeness enhancement in $\bar{\Lambda }/\bar{p}$ in heavy ion collisions at SPS energy
• Constraints on Kinetic Mixing of Dark Photons from Dilepton Spectra
• Study of the crossover transition of a gas of extended hadrons
• Screening properties of quark-gluon plasma obtained from distribution and correlation functions of the constituent quasiparticle model
• Derivation of Meson Masses in SU(3) and SU(4) Extended Linear-Sigma Model at Finite Temperature
• Polyakov loop renormalization with gradient flow
• On the Baryonic Density and Susceptibilities in a Holographic Model of QCD
• Study of hot and dense nuclear matter in effective QCD model
• Parton saturation at strong coupling from AdS/CFT
• The QGP dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• The quest for the quark-gluon plasma from the perspective of dynamical models of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• AdS/CFT aspects of the cosmological QCD phase transition
• Bulk Viscosity and Particle Creation in the Inflationary Cosmology
• The QCD equation of state and transition at finite temperature
• Flavored aspects of QCD thermodynamics from Lattice QCD
• Transport coefficients of the quark-gluon plasma in ultrarelativistic limit
• Thermal ground state for pure SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics
• Symmetries and symmetry breaking patterns in QCD: chiral and deconfinement transitions