Centrality dependence of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in high energy nuclear collisions

Abstract

Centrality-dependent double-differential transverse momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and (anti)protons produced in mid-pseudorapidity interval in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV gold-gold and deuteron-gold collisions with different centralities are analyzed by the blast-wave model with Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. Meanwhile, the mentioned spectra in mid-rapidity interval in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV lead-lead and $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV proton-lead collisions with different centralities are analyzed by the same model. The model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data in special transverse momentum ranges. It is shown that with the increase of event centrality and energy, the kinetic freeze-out temperature of the emission source and the transverse flow velocity of the produced particles slightly increase in some cases but they do not give an obvious change in other cases. Meanwhile, the kinetic freeze-out temperature (transverse flow velocity) increases (decreases) with the increase of particle mass. The average transverse momentum and initial temperature increase with the increase of event centrality, collision energy, and particle mass. This work also confirms the maximum size dependent effect, which states that the main parameters such as the kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity are mainly determined by the heaviest nucleus from proton-nucleus to nucleus-nucleus collisions.

18 pages, 6 figures. Indian Journal of Physics, accepted

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Cited by in corpus (9)

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• Study of Dependence of Kinetic Freezeout Temperature on the Production Cross Section of Particles in Various Centrality Intervals in Au Au and Pb Pb Collisions at High Energies
• Investigation of the freeze-out parameters in B-B, O-O, Ca-Ca and Au-Au collisions at 39 GeV
• Thermodynamic Signatures and Phase Transitions in High-Energy Au-Au Collisions
• Role of chemical potential at kinetic freeze-out using Tsallis non-extensive statistics in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider
• Particle species and energy dependencies of freeze-out parameters in high-energy proton-proton collisions
• On Extracting Thermal Parameters and Scenario in High-Energy Collisions
• Comment on "Evaluation of kinetic freeze-out properties in different relativistic heavy-ion collision systems at \sqrtsNN = 200 GeV'' (Eur. Phys. J. Plus (2025) 140:179) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06119-0
• Observation of different scenarios in different temperatures in small and large collision systems