Disentangling random thermal motion of particles and collective expansion of source from transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions

Abstract

In the framework of a multisource thermal model, we describe experimental results of the transverse momentum spectra of final-state light flavour particles produced in gold-gold (Au-Au), copper-copper (Cu-Cu), lead-lead (Pb-Pb), proton-lead ($p$-Pb), and proton-proton ($p$-$p$) collisions at various energies, measured by the PHENIX, STAR, ALICE, and CMS Collaborations, by using the Tsallis-standard (Tsallis form of Fermi-Dirac or Bose-Einstein), Tsallis, and two- or three-component standard distributions which can be in fact regarded as different types of "thermometers" or "thermometric scales" and "speedometers". A central parameter in the three distributions is the effective temperature which contains information on the kinetic freeze-out temperature of the emitting source and reflects the effects of random thermal motion of particles as well as collective expansion of the source. To disentangle both effects, we extract the kinetic freeze-out temperature from the intercept of the effective temperature ($T$) curve as a function of particle's rest mass ($m_0$) when plotting $T$ versus $m_0$, and the mean transverse flow velocity from the slope of the mean transverse momentum ($⟨p_T⟩$) curve as a function of mean moving mass ($\overline{m}$) when plotting $⟨p_T⟩$ versus $\overline{m}$.

19 pages, 12 figures. Journal of Physics G, accepted

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Cited by in corpus (23)

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• Examining the model dependence of the determination of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in small collision system
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• Excitation Functions of Tsallis-like Parameters in High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
• Effects of coalescence and isospin symmetry on the freezeout of light nuclei and their anti-particles
• Possible scenarios for single, double, or multiple kinetic freeze-out in high energy collisions
• Centrality dependence of kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in high energy nuclear collisions
• Extraction of different temperatures and kinetic freeze-out volume in high energy collisions
• Study of kinetic freeze-out parameters as function of rapidity in pp collisions at CERN SPS energies
• Study of Dependence of Kinetic Freezeout Temperature on the Production Cross Section of Particles in Various Centrality Intervals in Au Au and Pb Pb Collisions at High Energies
• Kinetic freeze-out properties from transverse momentum spectra of pions in high energy proton-proton collisions
• Energy dependent kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in high energy collisions
• Comparing standard distribution and its Tsallis form of transverse momenta in high energy collisions
• Dependence of temperatures and kinetic freeze-out volume on centrality in Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions at high energy
• Extensive/nonextensive statistics for $p_T$ distributions of various charged particles produced in p+p and A+A collisions in a wide range of energies
• Dependence of related parameters on centrality and mass in a new treatment for transverse momentum spectra in high energy collisions
• Initial- and final-state temperatures of emission source from differential cross-section in squared momentum transfer in high energy collisions
• Thermodynamic Signatures and Phase Transitions in High-Energy Au-Au Collisions
• Extracting Kinetic Freeze-out Properties in High Energy Collisions Using a Multi-source Thermal Model
• Multi-Source Thermal Model Describing Transverse Momentum Spectra of Final-State Particles in High Energy Collisions
• Kinetic freeze-out temperature and transverse flow velocity in Au-Au collisions at RHIC-BES energies