Gravitational waves from chiral phase transition in a conformally extended standard model

Abstract

The gravitational wave (GW) background produced at the cosmological chiral phase transition in a conformal extension of the standard model is studied. To obtain the bounce solution of coupled field equations we implement an iterative method. We find that the corresponding $O(3)$ symmetric Euclidean action $S_3$ divided by the temperature $T$ has a simple behavior near the critical temperature $T_C$: $S_3/T\propto (1-T/T_C{)}^{-\gamma }$, which is subsequently used to determine the transition's inverse duration $\beta$ normalized to the Hubble parameter $H$. It turns out that $\beta /H\gtrsim 10^3$, implying that the sound wave period ${\tau }_{\text{sw}}$ as an active GW source, too, can be much shorter than the Hubble time. We therefore compute ${\tau }_{\text{sw}}H$ and use it as the reduction factor for the sound wave contribution. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for Deci-Hertz Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (DECIGO) and Big Bang Observer (BBO) is evaluated, with the result: SNR${}^{\text{DECIGO}}\lesssim 1.2$ and SNR${}^{\text{BBO}}\lesssim 12.0$ for five years observation, from which we conclude that the GW signal predicted by the model in the optimistic case could be detected at BBO.

27 pages, 10 figures, version published in JCAP

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• Scale-genesis by Dark Matter and Its Gravitational Wave Signal
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• Inflation and dark matter after spontaneous Planck scale generation by hidden chiral symmetry breaking
• Heavy Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and Higgs Naturalness from a Strongly Interacting Hidden Sector
• Fate of the first-order chiral phase transition in QCD: Implications for dark QCD studied via a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
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