Gravitational-wave sensitivity curves

Abstract

There are several common conventions in use by the gravitational-wave community to describe the amplitude of sources and the sensitivity of detectors. These are frequently confused. We outline the merits of and differences between the various quantities used for parameterizing noise curves and characterizing gravitational-wave amplitudes. We conclude by producing plots that consistently compare different detectors. Similar figures can be generated on-line for general use at \url{http://rhcole.com/apps/GWplotter}.

Paper to accompany resource at http://rhcole.com/apps/GWplotter

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• Constraining changes in the merger history of (P)BH binaries with the stochastic gravitational wave background
• Measuring neutron-star distances and properties with gravitational-wave parallax
• Very extreme mass-ratio bursts in the Galaxy and neighbouring galaxies in relation to space-borne detectors
• Searching for gravitational waves via Doppler tracking by future missions to Uranus and Neptune
• Probing ultralight scalar, vector and tensor dark matter with pulsar timing arrays
• On Detecting Nearby Nano-Hertz Gravitational Wave Sources via Pulsar Timing Arrays
• On the possibility of detecting ultra-short period exoplanets with LISA
• Discerning Singlet and Triplet scalars at the electroweak phase transition and Gravitational Wave
• Constraining the history of reheating with the NANOGrav 15-year data
• On the gauge dependence of scalar induced secondary gravitational waves during radiation and matter domination eras
• Transition of EMRIs through resonance: corrections to higher order in the on-resonance flux modification
• Did Goryachev et al. detect megahertz gravitational waves?
• Gravitational Waves from Incomplete Inflationary Phase Transitions
• Scalar induced gravitational waves in symmetric teleparallel gravity with a parity-violating term
• Probe for Type Ia supernova progenitor in decihertz gravitational wave astronomy
• Strongly Magnetized Hot QCD Matter and Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
• Primordial Black Holes and Induced Gravitational Waves from a Smooth Crossover beyond Standard Model
• Signatures of linearized gravity in atom interferometers: A simplified computational framework
• Extragalactic neutrino emission induced by Supermassive and Stellar Mass Black Hole mergers
• Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from inflation in the Horndeski theory of gravity
• $\mathcal{O}(10)M_{\odot }$ primordial black holes and string axion dark matter
• Gravitational wave source counts at high redshift and in models with extra dimensions
• Solar Mass Primordial Black Holes in Moduli Dominated Universe
• Probing new physics with multi-vacua quantum tunnelings beyond standard model through gravitational waves
• Evolution of a black hole cluster in full general relativity
• Detection of gravitational waves in circular particle accelerators
• Quantum gravitational signatures in next-generation gravitational wave detectors
• Gravitational Waves from the Propagation of Long Gamma-Ray Burst jets
• Constraining models of Inflationary Magnetogenesis with NANOGrav
• Postmerger multimessenger analysis of binary neutron stars: Effect of the magnetic field strength and topology
• Expected insights on type Ia supernovae from LISA's gravitational wave observations
• The rise of the primordial tensor spectrum from an early scalar-tensor epoch
• Continuous gravitational wave detection to understand the generation mechanism of fast radio bursts
• Gravitational wave emission from dynamical stellar interactions
• Proving the short-wavelength approximation in Pulsar Timing Array gravitational-wave background searches
• Subdominant Modes of Scalar Superradiant Instability and Gravitational Wave Beats
• Study on the detectability of gravitational radiation from single-binary encounters between black holes in nuclear star cluster: the case of hyperbolic flybys
• Minihalos as probes of the inflationary spectrum: accurate boost factor calculation and new CMB constraints
• Gravitational wave cosmology I: high frequency approximation
• Gravitational waves and primordial black holes from chirality imbalanced QCD first-order phase transition with $\mathcal{P}$ and $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ violation
• Decihertz gravitational waves from double white dwarf merger remnants
• Post-inflationary GW production in generic higher (infinite) derivative gravity
• Nondegenerate internal squeezing: an all-optical, loss-resistant quantum technique for gravitational-wave detection
• Light Dark Matter Scattering in Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Modeling lunar response to gravitational waves using normal-mode approach and tidal forcing
• Primordial Black Holes and Scalar-induced Gravitational Waves in Sneutrino Hybrid Inflation
• Sensitivity of gravitational waves from preheating to a scalar field's interactions
• Prospects of Probing Dark Matter Condensates with Gravitational Waves
• Were recently reported MHz events planet mass primordial black hole mergers?
• Detection Prospects of Dark Matter in Einstein Telescope
• Detection of gravitational wave mixed polarization with single space-based detectors
• Stellar Interferometry for Gravitational Waves
• Growth of Massive Black Hole Seeds by Migration of Stellar and Primordial Black Holes: Gravitational Waves and Stochastic Background
• Secondary spins of extreme mass ratio inspirals: A probe to the formation channels
• Gravitational radiation by magnetic field: application to millisecond magnetars
• On the detectability of massive black hole merger eventsby LISA
• The Host Galaxy of the Recoiling Black Hole Candidate in 3C 186: An Old Major Merger Remnant at the Center of a z=1 Cluster
• Gravitational wave spectral synthesis
• Universal relations to measure neutron star properties from targeted r-mode searches
• Observable tensor-to-scalar ratio and secondary gravitational wave background
• Transition rate and gravitational wave spectrum from first-order QCD phase transitions
• Forecasting Gamma-Ray Bursts using Gravitational Waves
• Differential Interferometric Signatures of Close Binaries of Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei: II. Merged Broad Line Regions
• Modified Gravitational Waves Across Galaxies from Macroscopic Gravity
• Primordial Gravitational Waves in Running Vacuum Cosmologies
• Properties of rapidly rotating hot neutron stars with antikaon condensates at constant entropy per baryon
• On the Expected Production of Gravitational Waves During Preheating
• Gravitational Waves from Massive Black Hole Mergers in ASTRID: Predictions for LISA
• Resolving dichotomy in compact objects through continuous gravitational waves observation
• Proper Time Observables of General Gravitational Perturbations in Laser Interferometry-based Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Blind source separation in 3rd generation gravitational-wave detectors
• Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background from Exoplanets
• On the Expected Backreaction During Preheating
• Primordial black holes and scalar induced gravitational waves from Higgs inflation with non-canonical kinetic term
• Can we use next-generation gravitational wave detectors for terrestrial precision measurements of Shapiro delay?
• Magnetic fields in a hot dense neutrino plasma and the Gravitational Waves
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• Bursts of Gravitational Waves due to Crustquake from Pulsars
• Leakage of gravitational waves into an extra dimension in the DGP model
• What do gravitational wave detectors say about polymer quantum effects?
• Lensing of gravitational waves from tidal disruption events
• Constraining the ellipticity and frequency of binary neutron star remnant via its gravitational-wave and electromagnetic radiations
• Extended mass distribution of PBHs during QCD phase transition: SGWB and mini-EMRIs
• Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves Generated by Eccentric Neutron Star Binaries
• Primordial black holes in SB SUSY Gauss-Bonnet inflation
• Unravelling the formation of the first supermassive black holes with the SKA pulsar timing array
• Exploring Dark Forces with Multimessenger Studies of Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Intermediate mass ratio inspirals in dark matter halos
• Probing AGN jet precession with LISA
• Improving the detection sensitivity to primordial stochastic gravitational waves with reduced astrophysical foregrounds. II. Subthreshold binary neutron stars
• Imprints of massive black-hole binaries on neighbouring decihertz gravitational-wave sources
• Cumulative effect of orbital resonances in extreme-mass-ratio inspirals
• Probing intermediate-mass black hole binaries with the Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna
• Imprints of Early Universe on Gravitational Waves from First-Order Phase Transition in QCD
• Using Gravitational Wave Signals to Disentangle Early Matter Dominated Epochs
• Significance of soft-scale breaking on primordial black hole production in Coleman-Weinberg type supercooling-phase transition
• Parameter estimation of protoneutron stars from gravitational wave signals using the Hilbert-Huang transform
• Polarization Properties of the Electromagnetic Response to High-frequency Gravitational Wave
• Likelihood smoothing using gravitational wave surrogate models
• Revealing Double White Dwarf Mergers with Multi-messenger Signals
• Detecting gravitational signatures of dark matter with atom gradiometers
• Modified propagation of gravitational waves from the early radiation era
• On the waveform of the scalar induced gravitational waves
• Inflation with two-form field: the production of primordial black holes and gravitational waves
• Optical ultra-stable optical clock cavities as resonant mass gravitational wave detectors in search for new physics
• Scalar Gravitational Wave Signals from Core Collapse in Massive Scalar-Tensor Gravity with Triple-Scalar Interactions
• Gravitational waves from two scalar fields unifying the dark sector with inflation
• Different effects of the Lorentz and Gaussian bump functions on the formation of primordial black holes and secondary gravitational waves
• Photon ring autocorrelations from gravitational fluctuations around a black hole
• Gravitational Waves from Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter Spikes
• Effect of magnetic fields on the dynamics and gravitational wave emission of PPI-saturated self-gravitating accretion disks: simulations in full GR
• Intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals with general dynamical friction in dark matter minispikes
• A follow-up on intermediate-mass black hole candidates in the second LIGO-Virgo observing run with the Bayes Coherence Ratio
• Gravitational wave footprints from Higgs-portal scalegenesis with multiple dark chiral scalars
• The prospects of gravitational waves on constraining the anisotropy of the Universe
• Chiral gravitational waves from thermalized neutrinos in the early Universe
• Unified laboratory-frame analysis of atomic gravitational-wave sensors
• Examination of orbital evolution and gravitational waves of OJ 287 in the 4PN order
• Comment on "Hearing the signal of dark sectors with gravitational wave detectors" [Phys. Rev. D 94, no. 10, 103519 (2016)]
• Quantum sensors with matter waves for GW observation
• An SZ-Like Effect on Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds
• Gravitational Wave Emission from Close-in Strange Quark Planets Around Strange Stars with Magnetic Interactions
• Primordial gravitational waves from the space-condensate inflation model
• Primary gravitational waves at high frequencies I: Origin of suppression in the power spectrum
• Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves from the polynomial attractor model
• Probing supermassive stars and massive black hole seeds through gravitational wave inspirals
• Detection of gravitational waves by light perturbation
• Geodesic Noise and Gravitational Wave Observations by Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Limits on the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background and Prospects for Single Source Detection with GRACE Follow-On
• Even-parity stability of hairy black holes in $U(1)$ gauge-invariant scalar-vector-tensor theories
• Breaking the degeneracy of non-canonical quartic inflation by reheating considerations
• Can the Near-Horizon Black Hole Memory be detected through Binary Inspirals?
• Role of particle diffusion in shaping the gravitational wave signal from neutron star inspirals
• Concept Study of a Storage Ring-based Gravitational Wave Observatory: Gravitational Wave Strain and Synchrotron Radiation Noise
• Signal-to-noise Ratio Analytic Formulae of the Inspiral Binary Black Holes in TianQin
• Experimental Limits on Planetary Mass Primordial Black Hole Mergers
• An array of bulk-acoustic-wave sensors as a high-frequency antenna for gravitational waves
• Topology of the Superconducting Heart of Neutron Stars: Effects of Microphysics and Gravitational-Wave Signatures
• Bayesian Analysis of Wave-Optics Gravitationally Lensed Massive Black Hole Binaries with Space-Based Gravitational Wave Detector
• Gravitational Wave Strain and Orbital Dynamics of Binary Pulsars from LIGO-Virgo to LISA
• Low-frequency gravitational wave memory from gamma-ray burst afterglows with energy injection
• Gravitational Waves from Strange Star Core-Crust Oscillation
• Of Mountains and Molehills : Gravitational Waves from Neutron Stars
• Identifying the Quadrupolar Nature of Gravitational Wave Background through Space-based Missions
• Probing Dark Matter Clumps, Strings and Domain Walls with Gravitational Wave Detectors
• The imprint of gas on gravitational waves from LISA intermediate-mass black hole binaries
• Constraining Fundamental Constant Variations from Ultralight Dark Matter with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Gravitational Wave Memory from Accelerating Relativistic Jets in Multiple Thick Shell Scenarios
• A Gravitational non-Radiative Memory Effect
• Dynamical evolution timescales for the supermassive black hole system in the galaxy NGC 7727 (Arp 222)
• Linear instability of hairy black holes in Horndeski theory
• Resonant amplification of multimessenger emission in rotating stellar core collapse
• Spontaneous baryogenesis and generation of gravitational waves in a new model of quintessential $\alpha$-attractor
• Astrophysical and Cosmological Relevance of the High-Frequency Features in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background
• Gravitational waves from warm inflation in the weak dissipative regime
• Mass Oscillations in Superconducting Junctions for Gravitational Wave Emission and Detection
• Gravitational waves from primordial black holes passing by neutron stars: observational prospects for the Galactic center
• Primordial black holes and induced gravitational waves from localized features in DBI inflation
• Comparing eccentric waveform models based on post-Newtonian and effective-one-body approaches, over an observationally relevant parameter space
• Gravitational Radiation from Accelerating Jets
• Development of generic no-scale inflation
• GRB variabilities and following gravitational waves induced by gravitational instability in NDAFs
• Description and Application of the Surfing Effect
• Aspects of astrophysical particle production and beyond the Standard Model phenomenology
• Advantages of Including Globular Cluster Millisecond Pulsars in Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Gravitational Wave Gastronomy
• A fully-automated end-to-end pipeline for massive black hole binary signal extraction from LISA data
• Cosmological Gravitational Waves from Ultralight Vector Dark Matter
• Bremsstrahlung of Light through Spontaneous Emission of Gravitational Waves
• Dirty waveforms: multiband harmonic content of gas-embedded gravitational wave sources
• Detectability of continuous gravitational waves from planetary-mass companions orbiting compact stars
• Cosmology of the companion-axion model: dark matter, gravitational waves, and primordial black holes
• Continuous Gravitational Waves from Supersoft X-ray Sources: Promising Targets for deci-Hz Detectors
• Gravitational Waves and Primordial Black Holes produced by Dark Meta Stable Vacuum Decay
• Primordial black holes and uncertainties in the choice of the window function
• The new generation lunar gravitational wave detectors: sky map resolution and joint analysis
• $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation on the stochastic background of primordial gravitational waves with BKP18
• Searching Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Landscape Across Frequency Bands
• Time-dependent deflection reconstruction: new technique to search for gravitational waves with the cosmic microwave background
• Reheating and relic gravitational waves as remedies for degeneracies of non-canonical natural inflation
• Extending the micro-Hertz detection horizons via orbital resonance effect for geocentric gravitational wave antennas
• Physics beyond the Standard Model with the DSA-2000
• Multi-detector characterization of gravitational-wave burst tensor polarizations with the BayesWave algorithm
• Detection of the stochastic gravitational wave background with the space-borne gravitational-wave detector network
• Gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars as not-quite-standard sirens
• Mutated hilltop inflation in light of Planck/ACT observations