The Nuclear Equation of State and Neutron Star Masses

Abstract

Neutron stars are valuable laboratories for the study of dense matter. Recent observations have uncovered both massive and low-mass neutron stars and have also set constraints on neutron star radii. The largest mass measurements are powerfully influencing the high-density equation of state because of the existence of the neutron star maximum mass. The smallest mass measurements, and the distributions of masses, have implications for the progenitors and formation mechanisms of neutron stars. The ensemble of mass and radius observations can realistically restrict the properties of dense matter, and, in particular, the behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy near the nuclear saturation density. Simultaneously, various nuclear experiments are progressively restricting the ranges of parameters describing the symmetry properties of the nuclear equation of state. In addition, new theoretical studies of pure neutron matter are providing insights. These observational, experimental and theoretical constraints of dense matter, when combined, are now revealing a remarkable convergence.

61 pages including 13 figures

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• How serious can the stealth bias be in gravitational wave parameter estimation?
• Nuclear pasta structures and symmetry energy
• New quasi-universal relations for static and rapid rotating neutron stars
• Unified nuclear matter EOSs constrained by the in-medium balance in density-dependent covariant density functionals
• The induced surface tension contribution for the equation of state of neutron stars
• The Second Plateau in X-ray Afterglow Providing Additional Evidence for Rapidly Spinning Magnetars as the GRB Central Engine
• Charged $\rho$-meson condensation in neutron stars
• Revisiting Hartle's model using perturbed matching theory to second order: amending the change in mass
• Probable Dormant Neutron Star in a Short-Period Binary System
• Searching for the Donor Stars of ULX Pulsars
• Breaking the EOS-Gravity Degeneracy with Masses and Pulsating Frequencies of Neutron Stars
• PTF11agg as the First Evidence for Reverse Shock Emission from a Postmerger Millisecond Magnetar
• Indirect methods in nuclear astrophysics with relativistic radioactive beams
• Relativistic Gravothermal Instabilities
• The Role of Baryon Structure in Neutron Stars
• Neutron Star Mergers Chirp About Vacuum Energy
• Millisecond pulsars modelled as strange quark stars admixed with condensed dark matter
• Effect of nuclear saturation parameters on possible maximum mass of neutron stars
• Second and fourth moments of the charge density and neutron-skin thickness of atomic nuclei
• Reconstructing Masses of Merging Neutron Stars from Stellar $R$-Process Abundance Signatures
• X-PSI Parameter Recovery for Temperature Map Configurations Inspired by PSR J0030+0451
• Thermal Mass limit of Neutron Cores
• The ultracool helium-atmosphere white dwarf companion of PSR J0740+6620?
• Setting nonperturbative uncertainties on finite-temperature properties of neutron matter
• Equation of state constraints from multi-messenger observations of neutron star mergers
• Hydrostatic equilibrium configurations of neutron stars in a non-minimal geometry-matter coupling theory of gravity
• Compact Star of Holographic Nuclear Matter and GW170817
• Constraining scalar-tensor theories using neutron star mass and radius measurements
• Observational constraint from the heaviest pulsar PSR J0952-0607 on the equation of state of dense matter in relativistic mean field model
• Template bank for spinning compact binary mergers in the second observation run of Advanced LIGO and the first observation run of Advanced Virgo
• Extended reduced-order surrogate models for scalar-tensor gravity in the strong field and applications to binary pulsars and gravitational waves
• Pulsed VHE emission from the Crab Pulsar in the context of magnetocentrifugal particle acceleration
• An XMM-Newton and NuSTAR study of IGR J18214-1318: a non-pulsating high-mass X-ray binary with a neutron star
• Relativistic approach for the determination of nuclear and neutron star properties in consideration of PREX-II results
• Mixed phase transition from hypernuclear matter to deconfined quark matter fulfilling mass-radius constraints of neutron stars
• Effective interactions of hyperons and mass-radius relation of neutron stars
• RELXILL_NK: a relativistic reflection model for testing Einstein's gravity
• Magnetar QPOs and neutron star crust elasticity
• Weakly Charged Compact Stars in $f\left(R\right)$ gravity
• Universal relations for innermost stable circular orbits around rapidly rotating neutron stars
• The chiral condensate in neutron matter
• Electromagnetic Follow-up Observations of Binary Neutron Star Mergers with Early Warnings from Decihertz Gravitational-wave Observatories
• Properties of neutron star described by a relativistic $abinitio$ model
• Effects of the equation of state on the core-crust interface of slowly rotating neutron stars
• Breaking of universal relationships of axial wI-modes in hybrid stars: rapid and slow hadron-quark conversion scenarios
• Variable spreading layer in 4U 1608-52 during thermonuclear X-ray bursts in the soft state
• Neutron stars in the braneworld within the Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
• Heavy-ion Collisions: Direct and indirect probes of the density and temperature dependence of Esym
• Causal thermodynamics of a gravitational collapse model for an anisotropic fluid with dissipative flows
• Toward ab initio charge symmetry breaking in nuclear energy density functionals
• Kilonova and Optical Afterglow from Binary Neutron Star Mergers. II. Optimal Search Strategy for Serendipitous Observations and Target-of-opportunity Observations of Gravitational-wave Triggers
• Probing Strange Stars with Advanced Gravitational Wave Detectors
• Observational constraints on spinning, relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate stars
• On obtaining neutron-star mass and radius constraints from quiescent low-mass X-ray binaries in the Galactic plane
• Signs of Higher Multipoles and Orbital Precession in GW151226
• Uniqueness of the Inflationary Higgs Scalar for Neutron Stars and Failure of non-inflationary Approximations
• Generating ultra compact boson stars with modified scalar potentials
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• Equation of State of Neutron Stars with Junction Conditions in the Starobinsky Model
• Nucleon radius effects on neutron stars in quark mean field model
• Fast cooling and internal heating in hyperon stars
• Optically thin outbursts of rotating neutron stars can not be spherical
• Cosmological and Astrophysical Probes of Vacuum Energy
• Neutron star parameter constraints for accretion-powered millisecond pulsars from the simulated IXPE data
• Neutron star-black hole coalescence rate inferred from macronova/kilonova observations
• The universality of the rapid neutron-capture process revealed by a possible disrupted dwarf galaxy star
• Constraining the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy from an X-ray bursting neutron star
• Small radii of neutron stars as an indication of novel in-medium effects
• Anisotropic relativistic fluid spheres with a linear equation of state
• Intersections of ultracold atomic polarons and nuclear clusters: How is a chart of nuclides modified in dilute neutron matter?
• Constructing Love-Q-Relations with Gravitational Wave Detections
• Influence of pressure anisotropy and non-metricity parameter on mass-radius relation and stability of millisecond pulsar in $f(Q)$ gravity
• Spin-polarized neutron matter, the maximum mass of neutron stars, and GW170817
• Novel Scalings of Neutron Star Properties from Analyzing Dimensionless Tolman--Oppenheimer--Volkoff Equations
• Nuclear skin and the curvature of the symmetry energy
• I-Love-Q to the extreme
• Model Atmospheres for X-ray Bursting Neutron Stars
• Exploiting neutron-rich radioactive ion beams to constrain the symmetry energy
• Pulse Profile Modeling of Thermonuclear Burst Oscillations I: The Effect of Neglecting Variability
• Gravitational waves from neutron-star mountains
• Nonparametric Representation of Neutron Star Equation of State Using Variational Autoencoder
• Hot subdwarf B stars with neutron star components II: Binary population synthesis
• Symmetry energy dependence of long timescale isospin transport
• Titanium and Iron in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• Long-lived neutron-star remnants from asymmetric binary neutron star mergers: element formation, kilonova signals and gravitational waves
• Many-body approximations to the superfluid gap and critical temperature in pure neutron matter
• Propagation of uncertainties in the nuclear DFT models
• Empirical neutron star mass formula based on experimental observables
• Characterization of low-significance gravitational-wave compact binary sources
• Detection possibility of continuous gravitational waves from rotating magnetized neutron stars
• Quantifying Correlations Between Isovector Observables and the Density Dependence of Nuclear Symmetry Energy away from Saturation Density
• Diversities in the properties of neutron stars at a fixed neutron-skin thickness in ${}^{208}$Pb nucleus
• Constraining the properties of dense neutron star cores: The case of the low-mass X-ray binary HETE J1900.1-2455
• Early-time Searches for Coherent Radio Emission from Short GRBs with the Murchison Widefield Array
• Systematic effects from black hole-neutron star waveform model uncertainties on the neutron star equation of state
• Equation of State Dependence of Nonlinear Mode-tide Coupling in Coalescing Binary Neutron Stars
• Does Dark Matter admixed pulsar exist ?
• Extended NJL model for baryonic matter and quark matter
• Examination of an isospin-dependent single-nucleon momentum distribution for the isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter in heavy-ion collisions
• Compact Stars in Vector-Tensor-Horndeski Theory of Gravity
• Accreting Black Holes
• Towards an accurate description of an accretion induced collapse and the associated ejected mass
• Hard-core Radius of Nucleons within the Induced Surface Tension Approach
• The luminosity functions of kilonovae from binary neutron star mergers under different equation of states
• Polarized radiation from an accretion shock in accreting millisecond pulsars using exact Compton scattering formalism
• The shear viscosity of two-flavor crystalline color superconducting quark matter
• Quarkyonic matter and quarkyonic stars in an extended RMF model
• Biexciton-like quartet condensates in an electron-hole liquid
• Nucleon Effective E-Mass in Neutron-Rich Matter from the Migdal-Luttinger Jump
• Fast neutrino cooling in the accreting neutron star MXB 1659-29
• High-Order Multipole and Binary Love Number Universal Relations
• Stability of Neutron Stars with Dark Matter Core Using Three Crustal Types and the Impact on Mass-Radius Relations
• Effects of retarded electrical fields on observables sensitive to the high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• A young white dwarf orbiting PSR J1835-3259B in the bulge globular cluster NGC 6652
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• On the possibility of rho-meson condensation in neutron stars
• Incompressibility and Symmetry Energy of Neutron Star
• The Gravothermal Instability at all scales: from Turnaround Radius to Supernovae
• Observational constraints on the origin of the elements. IX. 3D NLTE abundances of metals in the context of Galactic Chemical Evolution Models and 4MOST
• Pulse Profile Modelling of Thermonuclear Burst Oscillations II: Handling variability
• Nuclear Symmetry Energy and Neutron Skin Thickness of ${}^{208}Pb$ using a finite range effective interaction
• Quasi-universal relations in the context of future neutron star detections
• Towards constraining QCD phase transitions in neutron star interiors: Bayesian Inference with TOV linear response analysis
• A VOEvent based automatic trigger system for the Murchison Widefield Array
• Gravitational collapse for a radiating anisotropic fluid
• Neutron stars within the Skyrme model
• Nuclear breathing mode in neutron-rich Nickel isotopes: sensitivity to the symmetry energy and the role of the continuum
• Inferring the Equation of State from Neutron Star Observables via Machine Learning
• Chaos in Inhomogeneous Neutrino Fast Flavor Instability
• Investigating the role of nuclear parameters on oscillation modes in hot Neutron Stars
• Beam energy dependence of the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio in heavy-ion collisions
• Determining the Hubble Constant with AGN-assisted Black Hole Mergers
• Can a binary neutron star merger in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole enable a detection of a post-merger gravitational wave signal?
• Appearance of innermost stable circular orbits of accretion discs around rotating neutron stars
• Dark lens candidates from Gaia Data Release 3
• Relativistic self-energy decomposition of nuclear symmetry energy and equation of state of neutron matter within QCD sum rules
• Atmospheric oscillations provide simultaneous measurement of neutron star mass and radius
• Equation of State in the Presence of Gravity
• Searching for ejected supernova companions in the era of precise proper motion and radial velocity measurements
• Compact stars with strongly coupled quark matter in a strong magnetic field
• Nuclear-Physics Multi-Messenger Astrophysics Constraints on the Neutron-Star Equation of State: Adding NICER's PSR J0740+6620 Measurement
• Simultaneous constraints on the mass and radius of Aql X-1 from quiescence and X-ray burst observations
• Screened and Unscreened Solutions for Relativistic Star in de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) Massive Gravity
• Refinement of the timing-based estimator of pulsar magnetic fields
• A Nuclear Equation of State Inferred from Stellar r-process Abundances
• Forecasting Gamma-Ray Bursts using Gravitational Waves
• Compact Objects in Alternative Gravities
• Effects of incompressibility $K_0$ in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies
• $f$-mode oscillations of dark matter admixed quarkyonic neutron star
• Exploring pathways to forming twin stars
• Order-of-magnitude physics of neutron stars
• Crust Cooling Models are Insensitive to the Crust-Core Transition Pressure for Realistic Equations of State
• Relativistic stellar modeling with perfect fluid core and anisotropic envelope fluid
• Relating Braking Indices of Young Pulsars to the Dynamics of Superfluid Cores
• The masses of neutron stars
• On the Testability of the Quark-Hadron Transition Using Gravitational Waves From Merging Binary Neutron Stars
• Neutron stars: A novel equation of state with induced surface tension
• Self-Trapping of Diskoseismic Corrugation Modes in Neutron Star Spacetimes
• CMB Spectral Distortions from Cooling Macroscopic Dark Matter
• Equation of state in neutron stars and supernovae
• Optimized Statistical Approach for Comparing Multi-Messenger Neutron Star Data
• The impact of hyperons on neutron star mergers: gravitational waves, mass ejection and black hole formation
• Relativistic scattering of a fast spinning neutron star by a massive black hole
• Density-Induced Hadron-Quark Crossover via the Formation of Cooper Triples
• Testing Gravity with Black Hole X-Ray Data
• Measuring spin in coalescing binaries of neutron stars showing double precursors
• Bayesian Analysis of the Neutron Star Equation of State and Model Comparison: Insights from PSR J0437+4715, PSR J0614+3329, and Other Multi-Physics Data
• Bayesian analysis of a relativistic hadronic model constrained by recent astrophysical observations
• Modeling matter(s) in SEOBNRv5THM: Generating fast and accurate effective-one-body waveforms for spin-aligned binary neutron stars
• Orbital and epicyclic frequencies in massive scalar-tensor theory with self-interaction
• The nuclear symmetry energy and the neutron skin thickness in nuclei
• Hyperon puzzle and the RMF model with scaled hadron masses and coupling constants
• Symmetry energy of super-dense neutron-rich matter from integrating barotropic pressures in neutron stars and heavy-ion reactions
• Neutron star structure in an in-medium modified chiral soliton model
• Effects of Compton scattering on the neutron star radius constraints in rotation-powered millisecond pulsars
• Ridges in rotating neutron-star properties due to first order phase transitions
• Symmetry energy effects on isovector properties of neutron rich nuclei with a Thomas-Fermi approach
• Baryonic matter and the medium modification of the baryon masses
• Testing the $\delta$-Kerr metric with black hole X-ray data
• A new estimation method for mass of an isolated neutron star using gravitational waves
• The evolution effects of radius and moment of inertia for rapidly rotating neutron stars
• Anti-de Sitter neutron stars in the theory of gravity with nonminimal derivative coupling
• Cooling of the Cassiopeia A neutron star and the effect of diffusive nuclear burning
• Dark Matter Influence on Quarkyonic Stars: A Relativistic Mean Field Analysis
• Modeling the structure of magnetic fields in Neutron Stars: from the interior to the magnetosphere
• Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
• Investigating the role of nuclear parameters in Neutron Star oscillations: a model comparison
• Neutron stars as probes of extreme energy density matter
• Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD
• Gravitational-wave searches in the era of Advanced LIGO and Virgo
• Matter Equation of State in General Relativity
• Pygmy resonances and symmetry energy
• Modelling polarized X-ray pulses from accreting millisecond pulsars with X-PSI, using different hot spot locations and shapes
• Radiation Driven Warping of Accretion Discs Due to X-ray Bursts
• Suitable resolution for EOS tables in neutron star investigation
• Neutron stars in general relativity and scalar-tensor theory of gravity
• Disentangling the potential dark matter origin of LIGO's black holes
• I-C-Q relations for rapidly rotating stable hybrid stars
• Neutron matter within QCD sum rules
• Dependence of postmerger properties on the thermal heating efficiency in neutron star mergers
• Necessity of selfconsistent calculations for the electromagnetic field in probing the nuclear symmetry energy using pion observables in heavy-ion collisions
• Constraining parameters of low mass merging compact binary systems with Einstein Telescope alone
• Construction of energy density functional for arbitrary spin polarization using functional renormalization group
• Triggering Electron Capture Supernovae: Dark Matter Effects in Degenerate White-Dwarf-like Cores of Super-Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
• How to Test the Two-Families Scenario
• Review of Conformally Flat Approximation for Binary Neutron Star Initial Conditions
• Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
• Fundamental and higher-order excited modes of radial oscillation of neutron stars for various types of cold nucleonic and hyperonic matter
• Mass Distribution and "Mass Gap" of Compact Stellar Remnants in Binary Systems
• Deriving Neutron Star Equation of State from AdS/QCD
• Constraints on Explosion Timescale of Core-Collapse Supernovae Based on Systematic Analysis of Light Curves
• Stellar-Mass Black Holes
• Constraining soft and hard X-ray irradiation in ultraluminous X-ray sources
• Compact Stars as Hideouts For Color-spin-locked Quark Matter: Implications for Powering High-energy Electromagnetic Emissions
• Neutron Star Radii from Laboratory Experiments
• Is scalar-tensor gravity consistent with polytropic stellar models?
• $f$-mode oscillations in hot Neutron Stars: Effect of hyperons and neutrino trapping
• Revealing physical activity of GRB central engine with macronova/kilonova data
• Innermost stable circular orbits of neutron stars in dilatonic-Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory
• Neural Network Representations of Multiphase Equations of State
• Coupling between collective modes in the deformed ${}^{98}$Zr nucleus: Insights from consistent HFB+QRPA calculations with the Gogny interaction
• Dependence of the Sr-to-Ba and Sr-to-Eu Ratio on the Nuclear Equation of State in Metal Poor Halo Stars
• Skewness of nuclear matter and three-particle correlations
• On the role of magnetic fields into the dynamics and gravitational wave emission of binary neutron stars
• The stifness of the supranuclear equation of state (once again)
• Quantum statistics effects near the critical point in systems with different inter-particle interactions
• Effect of spin in binary neutron star mergers
• Characterization of the inner edge of the neutron star crust
• Compact stars in Einstein-scalar-Gauss-Bonnet gravity: regular and divergent scalar field configurations
• Multimessenger signatures of a deformed magnetar in gamma-ray bursts
• Properties and microscopic structures of dense stellar matter in RMF models
• Neutron Star Mergers and the Quark Matter Equation of State
• Neutron stars and supernova explosions in the framework of Landau's theory
• A metric on the space of neutron star models in general relativity and modified gravity
• Tests of General Relativity using black hole X-ray data
• Estimation of neutron star mass and radius of FRB 20240114A by identification of crustal oscillations
• Origins and Impacts of High-Density Symmetry Energy
• Optical spectral observations of three binary millisecond pulsars
• Are NICER and GW170817 constraints suggesting a compactified scenario for Neutron stars?
• Search For Gravitational Redshifted Absorption Lines In LMXB Serpens X-1
• Neutron Star News and Puzzles
• Mass-Radius Constraints for 2S 0918-549 from an RXTE Superexpansion Burst: A Direct Cooling-Tail Analysis
• Light and heavy $\Lambda$ hyperclusters in nuclear matter with relativistic-mean-field models
• Pulsar glitch and nuclear EoS: Applicability of superfluid model
• A comprehensive search for high-velocity X-ray sources: New compact object binary candidates in the Gaia era
• Radiant gravitational collapse with anisotropy in pressures and bulk viscosity
• Particle motion around luminous neutron stars: effects of deviation from Schwarzschild spacetime
• What We Have Learned from NICER About Neutron Star Radii
• Slowly rotating condensate dark stars beyond the mean-field approximation
• On the Destabilization of High-Mass Neutron Stars by the Emergence of $d^{\ast }$-Hexaquarks
• Nuclear constraints on the EoS and rotating neutron stars
• P-stars in the gravitational wave era
• Equation-of-State Independent Relations in Rapidly Rotating Hybrid Stars
• New Insights into Uncertainties in the Relic Neutrino Background and Effects from the Nuclear Equation of State
• Bayesian Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State with a Smooth Hadron-Quark Crossover
• Astrometric microlensing probes of the isolated neutron star population with Roman
• Updated estimates of post-merger gravitational wave energy released in GW170817 and the maximum neutron star mass
• The Completeness of Accreting Neutron Star Binary Candidates from the Chinese Space Station Telescope
• Particle-number fluctuations near the critical point of nuclear matter
• Classification of Pulsars using Extreme Deconvolution
• Shedding Light on the EOS-Gravity Degeneracy and Constraining the Nuclear Symmetry Energy from the Gravitational Binding Energy of Neutron Stars
• Transport Model Comparison Studies of Intermediate-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Searching for Isolated Black Hole Candidates within 15 pc of the Solar System in Gaia DR3
• Structure of Anisotropic Magnetized Neutron Stars in f(R,T) Gravity with Realistic Equation of State
• Radial oscillations of quark stars in light of current astrophysical constraints: A comparative study
• Light scalars in neutron star mergers
• Realistic Equations of State Informing Neutron Star Post-Merger Gravitational-Wave Frequencies
• The spin-polarized ferromagnetic state of a cold Fermi gas
• Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State from GW170817
• Numerical Approach to the Exterior Solution of Spherically Symmetric and Static Configuration in Scalar-Tensor Theories