Frontiers in Nuclear Astrophysics

Abstract

The synthesis of nuclei in diverse cosmic scenarios is reviewed, with a summary of the basic concepts involved before a discussion of the current status in each case is made. We review the physics of the early universe, the proton to neutron ratio influence in the observed helium abundance, reaction networks, the formation of elements up to beryllium, the inhomogeneous Big Bang model, and the Big Bang nucleosynthesis constraints on cosmological models. Attention is paid to element production in stars, together with the details of the pp chain, the pp reaction, ${}^3$He formation and destruction, electron capture on ${}^7$Be, the importance of ${}^8$B formation and its relation to solar neutrinos, and neutrino oscillations. Nucleosynthesis in massive stars is also reviewed, with focus on the CNO cycle and its hot companion cycle, the rp-process, triple-$\alpha$ capture, and red giants and AGB stars. The stellar burning of carbon, neon, oxygen, and silicon is presented in a separate section, as well as the slow and rapid nucleon capture processes and the importance of medium modifications due to electrons also for pycnonuclear reactions. The nucleosynthesis in cataclysmic events such as in novae, X-ray bursters and in core-collapse supernovae, the role of neutrinos, and the supernova radioactivity and light-curve is further discussed, as well as the structure of neutron stars and its equation of state. A brief review of the element composition found in cosmic rays is made in the end.

arXiv comment88 pages, 10 figures, 613 references, Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 2016

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• The role of neutron star mergers in the chemical evolution of the Galactic halo
• The Strange Star Surface: A Crust with Nuggets
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• Estimating reaction rates and uncertainties for primordial nucleosynthesis
• The reaction 13C(alpha,n)16O: a background for the observation of geo-neutrinos
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• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with a New Neutron Lifetime
• Direct Evidence for Hadronic Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the Supernova Renmant IC 443
• Enrichment of r-process elements in dwarf spheroidal galaxies in chemo-dynamical evolution model
• Spin-Peierls and Antiferromagnetic Phases in Cu{1-x}Zn{x}GeO{3}: A Neutron Scattering Study
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• Neutron Stars for Undergraduates
• Production of 26Al, 44Ti, and 60Fe in Core-Collapse Supernovae: Sensitivity to the Rates of the Triple Alpha and 12C(a,g)16O Reactions
• Searches for Point-like and extended neutrino sources close to the Galactic Centre using the ANTARES neutrino Telescope
• Pygmy dipole resonance in 208Pb
• Hydrodynamic Models of Type I X-Ray Bursts: Metallicity Effects
• n+p -> d+gamma for Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Big Bang nucleosynthesis revisited via Trojan Horse Method measurements
• Implication of the proton-deuteron radiative capture for Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
• Relative contributions of the weak, main and fission-recycling r-process
• Solar Neutrino Constraints on the BBN Production of Li
• Nuclear Astrophysics with Radioactive Beams
• Reaction rates for the s-process neutron source 22Ne+α
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• Asymptotic Giant Branch models at very low metallicity
• The 3He(alpha,gamma)7Be S-factor at solar energies: the prompt gamma experiment at LUNA
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• r-Process in Prompt Supernova Explosions Revisited
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• Nuclear-Astrophysics Lessons from INTEGRAL
• Abundances and Evolution of Lithium in the Galactic Halo and Disk
• Quantum three-body calculation of the nonresonant triple-αreaction rate at low temperatures
• Element Synthesis in Stars
• Low-energy electric dipole response in 120Sn
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• The Impact of Uncertainties in Reaction Q-values on Nucleosynthesis in Type I X-Ray Bursts
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• Measurement of the (gamma,n) reaction rates of the nuclides 190Pt, 192Pt, and 198Pt in the astrophysical gamma-process
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• Recurrent very-long type-I X-ray bursts in the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53
• Quark mass variation constraints from Big Bang nucleosynthesis
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• Proton-Proton Fusion in Effective Field Theory to Fifth Order
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• One fewer solution to the cosmological lithium problem
• Three-body calculations of triple-alpha reaction
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• Energy Loss, Electron Screening, and the Astrophysical 3He(d,p)4He cross section
• A loophole to the universal photon spectrum in electromagnetic cascades: application to the "cosmological lithium problem"
• Low-Energy Photodisintegration of the Deuteron and Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis
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• Electron screening and its effects on Big-Bang nucleosynthesis
• Inhomogeneous Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Revisited
• Probing nuclear skins and halos with elastic electron scattering
• Cosmological solutions to the Lithium problem: Big-bang nucleosynthesis with photon cooling, $X$-particle decay and a primordial magnetic field
• Total cross section of the 3H(p,n)3He reaction from threshold to 4.5 MeV
• Empirical Survey of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Matrix Elements
• An analysis of constraints on relativistic species from primordial nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background
• Role of pairing in the description of Giant Monopole Resonances
• Evolutionary implications of the new triple-alpha nuclear reaction rate for low mass stars
• Time Dependent Quark Masses and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis Revisited
• The 13N(d,n)14O Reaction and the Astrophysical 13N(p,g)14O Reaction Rate
• New results on catalyzed BBN with a long-lived negatively-charged massive particle
• Fusion rate enhancement due to energy spread of colliding nuclei
• Cosmic Ray Origin: Lessons from Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays and the Galactic/Extragalactic Transition
• Continuum quasiparticle random phase approximation for astrophysical direct neutron capture reaction of neutron-rich nuclei
• New s-process path and its implication to 187Re-187Os nucleo-cosmochronometer
• The nuclear energy density functional formalism
• A Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis Limit on the Neutral Fermion Decays into Neutrinos
• BBN with light dark matter
• Light-Element Reaction Flow and the Conditions for r-Process Nucleosynthesis
• Nuclear astrophysical plasmas: ion distribution functions and fusion rates
• Low-Energy Direct Capture in the 16O(alpha,gamma)20Ne Reaction
• Precise measurement of cross section of 3He(3He,2p)4He by using He-3 doubly charged beam
• Solution to Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis in Hybrid Axion Dark Matter Model
• Standard Solar Models
• Electronic stopping in astrophysical fusion reactions
• Helioseismology can test the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution
• Chemical separation of primordial Li${}^{+}$ during structure formation caused by nanogauss magnetic field
• Supernova Neutrino-Effects on R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Black Hole Formation
• Strong plasma screening in thermonuclear reactions: Electron drop model
• Relativistic outflow from two thermonuclear shell flashes on neutron stars
• R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion
• Relation between the 16O(alpha,gamma)20Ne reaction and its reverse 20Ne(gamma,alpha)16O reaction in stars and in the laboratory
• Radiation correction to astrophysical fusion reactions and the electron screening problem
• The stopping of swift protons in matter and its implication for astrophysical fusion reactions
• Fermi and Gamow-Teller Strength in Charge Exchange with Radioactive Beams
• Do Hadronic Charge Exchange Reactions Measure Electroweak L = 1 Strength?
• Photon-induced Reactions in Stars and in the Laboratory: A Critical Comparison
• Charge-exchange reaction cross sections and the Gamow-Teller strength for double beta decay
• Nuclear Structure and the Fate of Core Collapse (Type II) Supernova
• Comment on "Influence of protons on the capture of electrons by 7Be in the Sun"
• Barrier penetration effects in the triple-alpha reaction at low energies

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• New results for radiative 3He(2H,gamma)5Li capture at astrophysical energy and its possible role in accumulation of 6Li at the BBN
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• Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia
• Corrections to nucleon capture cross sections computed in truncated Hilbert spaces
• Nuclear Processes in Other Universes: Varying the Strength of the Weak Force
• Big Bang nucleosynthesis as a probe of new physics
• New determination of proton spectroscopic factors and reduced widths for ${}^8$Be states in the $16.5-18.0$ MeV excitation energy region via the study of the ${}^7$Li(${}^3$He,d)${}^8$Be transfer reaction at E${}_{lab}$ $=20$ MeV
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• Cosmological Lithium Problems
• Study of nonlocality effects in direct capture reactions with Lagrange-mesh $R$-matrix method
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• Determination of electron screening potential of 6 Li(p,α)3 He reaction using MultiLayer Perceptron based neural network
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• Relativistic effects in heavy-ion Coulomb scattering
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• Exploring the spectral characteristics of the periodic burster 4U 1323-62: Type-I X-ray burst and persistent emission