The s Process: Nuclear Physics, Stellar Models, Observations

Abstract

Nucleosynthesis in the s process takes place in the He burning layers of low mass AGB stars and during the He and C burning phases of massive stars. The s process contributes about half of the element abundances between Cu and Bi in solar system material. Depending on stellar mass and metallicity the resulting s-abundance patterns exhibit characteristic features, which provide comprehensive information for our understanding of the stellar life cycle and for the chemical evolution of galaxies. The rapidly growing body of detailed abundance observations, in particular for AGB and post-AGB stars, for objects in binary systems, and for the very faint metal-poor population represents exciting challenges and constraints for stellar model calculations. Based on updated and improved nuclear physics data for the s-process reaction network, current models are aiming at ab initio solution for the stellar physics related to convection and mixing processes. Progress in the intimately related areas of observations, nuclear and atomic physics, and stellar modeling is reviewed and the corresponding interplay is illustrated by the general abundance patterns of the elements beyond iron and by the effect of sensitive branching points along the s-process path. The strong variations of the s-process efficiency with metallicity bear also interesting consequences for Galactic chemical evolution.

53 pages, 20 figures, 3 tables; Reviews of Modern Physics, accepted

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• High precision half-life measurement of ${}^{95}$Ru, ${}^{95}$Tc and ${}^{95m}$Tc with $\gamma$-spectroscopy
• A method to correct differential nonlinearities in subranging analog-to-digital converters used for digital gamma-ray spectroscopy
• Experimental ${}^7$Be production cross section from the ${}^7$Li(p,n)${}^7$Be reaction at E${}_p=3.5-13$ MeV
• Chemical abundances of three new Ba stars from the Keck/HIRES spectra
• Production of Quasi-Stellar Neutron Field at Explosive Stellar Temperatures
• Rare Find: Discovery and chemo-dynamical properties of two s-process enhanced RR Lyrae stars
• Multilayer network analysis of nuclear reactions
• Modeling the progenitors of low-mass post-accretion binaries
• Sensitivity to neutron captures and beta-decays of the enhanced s-process in rotating massive stars at low metallicities
• Spectroscopy of supergiants with infrared excess: results of 1998-2018
• Investigation of 90,92Zr(n,γ) 91,93Zr in the s process nucleosynthesis
• Impact of $\text{T}$- and $\rho$-dependent decay rates and new (n,$\gamma$) cross sections on the $\text{s}$ process in low-mass AGB stars
• $\beta$-Decay Properties of Neutron-rich Yttrium Isotopes
• The chemical DNA of the Magellanic Clouds V. R-process dominates neutron capture elements production in the oldest SMC stars
• Full abundance study of two newly discovered barium giants
• Nuclear Reactions For Nucleosynthesis Beyond Fe
• Strontium-84 Enrichments in Presolar Grains Provide First Evidence of p-process Nucleosynthesis in Core-collapse Supernovae
• Radiative neutron capture reaction rates for r-process nucleosynthesis
• Conceptual Design of a Low-Energy Ion Beam Storage Ring and a Recoil Separator to Study Radiative Neutron Capture by Radioactive Ions
• Nuclear Reactions in Evolving Stars
• Status and future directions for direct cross-section measurements of the 13C(a,n)16O reaction for astrophysics
• Heavy Elements -- They came out of the blue
• Quantification of Uncertainties in Nuclear Density Functional theory
• Experiments towards a neutron target for measurements in inverse kinematics
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Extraction of neutron-capture cross sections on ${}^{92}$Zr using the charge-exchange Oslo method
• Impact of the latest 22Ne+α reaction rates on nucleosynthesis in massive stars and galactic chemical evolution
• Investigation of $\beta$-decay properties of neutron-rich Cerium isotopes
• Production of n-rich nuclei in red giant stars
• A statistical method for the identification of stars enriched in neutron-capture elements from medium-resolution spectra
• Measurements of neutron-induced reactions in inverse kinematics and applications to nuclear astrophysics
• Chemical Abundances of Eight Highly Extincted Milky Way Planetary Nebulae
• Successful $\nu p$-process in neutrino-driven outflows in core-collapse supernovae
• miniBELEN: a modular neutron counter for (alpha,n) reactions
• Stellar s-process neutron capture cross sections on A-Se and A-Ce
• Review and new concepts for neutron-capture measurements of astrophysical interest
• Transfer reactions as a Tool in Nuclear Astrophysics
• CEMP-s and CEMP-s/r stars: last update
• Impact of microscopic structural transitions on particle stability and lifetimes of hot nuclei
• Silicon and Strontium abundances of very metal-poor stars determined from near-infrared spectra
• Stellar ${\beta }^{-}$-decay rate of ${}^{63}$Ni and its impact on the $s$-process nucleosynthesis in massive stars
• Impacts of nuclear-physics uncertainty in stellar temperatures on the s-process nucleosynthesis