Horizons: Nuclear Astrophysics in the 2020s and Beyond

Abstract

Nuclear Astrophysics is a field at the intersection of nuclear physics and astrophysics, which seeks to understand the nuclear engines of astronomical objects and the origin of the chemical elements. This white paper summarizes progress and status of the field, the new open questions that have emerged, and the tremendous scientific opportunities that have opened up with major advances in capabilities across an ever growing number of disciplines and subfields that need to be integrated. We take a holistic view of the field discussing the unique challenges and opportunities in nuclear astrophysics in regards to science, diversity, education, and the interdisciplinarity and breadth of the field. Clearly nuclear astrophysics is a dynamic field with a bright future that is entering a new era of discovery opportunities.

96 pages. Submitted to Journal of Physics G

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• Does the Sun Shine by pp or CNO Fusion Reactions?
• Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Simulations of Convective Nuclear Burning In Massive Stars Near Iron Core Collapse
• Direct measurements of 22Na(p,g)23Mg resonances and consequences for 22Na production in classical novae
• Stellar abundances and presolar grains trace the nucleosynthetic origin of molybdenum and ruthenium
• Concurrent application of ANC and THM to assess the ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}(\alpha ,n{)}^{16}\mathrm{O}$ absolute cross section at astrophysical energies and possible consequences for neutron production in low-mass AGB stars
• A uniform search for thermonuclear burst oscillations in the RXTE legacy dataset
• Nuclear Mass Measurements Map the Structure of Atomic Nuclei and Accreting Neutron Stars
• Thermonuclear burst observations for model comparisons: a reference sample
• Presupernova neutrino events relating to the final evolution of massive stars
• The R-Process Alliance: Discovery of the first metal-poor star with a combined r- and s-process element signature
• Abundances of neutron-capture elements in thin- and thick-disc stars in the solar neighbourhood
• On Presolar Stardust Grains from CO Classical Novae
• Quantifying Uncertainties on Fission Fragment Mass Yields With Mixture Density Networks
• Isospin Mixing Reveals ${}^{30}$P($p,\gamma$)${}^{31}$S Resonance Influencing Nova Nucleosynthesis
• Status on ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}+{}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ fusion at deep subbarrier energies: impact of resonances on astrophysical $S^{\ast }$ factors
• Seismic signature of electron degeneracy in the core of red giants: hints for mass transfer between close red-giant companions
• Sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande with Gadolinium to Low Energy Anti-neutrinos from Pre-supernova Emission
• A spallation-based neutron target for direct studies of neutron-induced reactions in inverse kinematics
• Uncertainties in $\nu$p-process nucleosynthesis from Monte Carlo variation of reaction rates
• Multi-epoch X-ray burst modelling: MCMC with large grids of 1D simulations
• Stochastic Chemical Evolution of Radioactive Isotopes with a Monte Carlo Approach
• Models for Type Ia supernovae and related astrophysical transients
• Neutron star mergers as the astrophysical site of the r-process in the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies
• Nuclear Burning in Collapsar Accretion Disks
• Recent advances in the quantification of uncertainties in reaction theory
• Origin of large meteoritic SiC stardust grains in metal-rich AGB stars
• The AMBRE Project: r-process elements in the Milky Way thin and thick discs
• NICER Detection of Strong Photospheric Expansion during a Thermonuclear X-Ray Burst from 4U 1820-30
• On The Development of Multidimensional Progenitor Models For Core-collapse Supernovae
• The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data
• Constraining the neutron star equation of state using Pulse Profile Modeling
• Nucleosynthesis Constraints on the Explosion Mechanism for Type Ia Supernovae
• The Nucleosynthetic Yields of Core-Collapse Supernovae, prospects for the Next Generation of Gamma-Ray Astronomy
• Insights on pion production mechanism and symmetry energy at high density
• Elemental Abundances in the Ejecta of Old Classical Novae from Late-Epoch Spitzer Spectra
• The Source of Solar Energy, ca. 1840-1910: From Meteoric Hypothesis to Radioactive Speculations
• CNO Solar Neutrinos in Next-Generation Dark Matter Experiments
• First direct measurement of ${}^{22}$Mg($\alpha$,p)${}^{25}$Al and implications for X-ray burst model-observation comparisons
• Study of $(\mathbf{\alpha },\mathbf{p})$ and $(\mathbf{\alpha },\mathbf{n})$ reactions with a Multi-Sampling Ionization Chamber
• Measurement of 1323 and 1487 keV resonances in 15N(α, γ)19F with the recoil separator ERNA
• Status of the JENSA gas-jet target for experiments with rare isotope beams
• Condensation of SiC Stardust in CO Nova Outbursts
• Constraining the ${}^{22}$Ne($\alpha$,$\gamma$)${}^{26}$Mg and ${}^{22}$Ne($\alpha$,n)${}^{25}$Mg reaction rates using sub-Coulomb $\alpha$-transfer reactions
• New \textsl{s}-process Mechanism in Rapidly-Rotating Massive Pop II Stars
• High-precision mass measurement of ${}^{56}$Cu and the redirection of the rp-process flow
• Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies II: Challenges for the s- and i-processes at low metallicity
• The impact of (n,$\gamma$) reaction rate uncertainties of unstable isotopes on the i-process nucleosynthesis of the elements from Ba to W
• Constraints on Bygone Nucleosynthesis of Accreting Neutron Stars
• Urca Cooling in Neutron Star Crusts and Oceans: Effects of Nuclear Excitations
• The Status and Future of Direct Nuclear Reaction Measurements for Stellar Burning
• Unusual neutron-capture nucleosynthesis in a carbon-rich Galactic bulge star
• Low-lying level structure of ${}^{56}$Cu and its implications on the rp process
• Neutron star cooling and the rp process in thermonuclear X-ray bursts
• Reaction rates of ${}^{64}$Ge($p,\gamma$)${}^{65}$As and ${}^{65}$As($p,\gamma$)${}^{66}$Se and the extent of nucleosynthesis in type I X-ray bursts
• Investigation of thermonuclear ${}^{18}$Ne($\alpha$,$p$)${}^{21}$Na rate via resonant elastic scattering of ${}^{21}$Na+$p$
• 3D1D hydro-nucleosynthesis simulations. I. Advective-reactive post-processing method and its application to H ingestion into He-shell flash convection in rapidly accreting white dwarfs
• Background in $\gamma$-ray detectors and carbon beam tests in the Felsenkeller shallow-underground accelerator laboratory
• On Stellar Evolution In A Neutrino Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
• Low Energy measurement of the ${}^{96}\mathrm{Zr}(\alpha ,n{)}^{99}\mathrm{Mo}$ reaction cross section and its impact on weak r-process nucleosynthesis
• Photoneutron reaction cross section measurements on 94Mo and 90Zr relevant to the p-process nucleosynthesis
• Sensitivity of Type Ia supernovae to electron capture rates
• Trends in Nuclear Astrophysics
• Comparison of two- and three-dimensional compressible convection in a pre-main sequence star
• Metallicity-Dependent Galactic Isotopic Decomposition for Nucleosynthesis
• Light Curves of 213 Type Ia Supernovae from the ESSENCE Survey
• First inverse kinematics study of the ${}^{22}$Ne$(p,\gamma {)}^{23}$Na reaction and its role in AGB star and classical nova nucleosynthesis
• Post-explosion evolution of core-collapse supernovae
• Constraining the Neutron Star Compactness: Extraction of the ${}^{23}$Al($p,\gamma$) Reaction Rate for the $rp$-Process
• Neutron flux and spectrum in the Dresden Felsenkeller underground facility studied by moderated ${}^3$He counters
• Heavy Elements Nucleosynthesis On Accreting White Dwarfs: building seeds for the p-process
• Cross section of $\alpha$-induced reactions on iridium isotopes obtained from thick target yield measurement for the astrophysical $\gamma$ process
• First Direct Measurement of an Astrophysical p-Process Reaction Cross Section Using a Radioactive Ion Beam
• Statistical tools for a better optical model
• Low-energy ${}^{23}$Al $\beta$-delayed proton decay and ${}^{22}$Na destruction in novae
• On The Impact Of 22Ne On The Pulsation Periods Of Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs With Helium Dominated Atmospheres
• $\beta$-decay of ${}^{61}$V and its Role in Cooling Accreted Neutron Star Crusts
• Presolar Grains from Novae: Evidence from Neon and Helium Isotopes in Comet Dust Collections
• Efficacy of the symmetry-adapted basis for ab initio nucleon-nucleus interactions for light- and intermediate-mass nuclei
• Neutron elastic scattering on calcium isotopes from chiral nuclear optical potentials
• Nucleosynthesis in Primordial Hypernovae
• The unreasonable weakness of r-process cosmic rays in the neutron-star-merger nucleosynthesis scenario
• Paving the way to simultaneous multi-wavelength astronomy
• Path integral action in the generalized uncertainty principle framework
• Initial operation of the recoil mass spectrometer EMMA at the ISAC-II facility of TRIUMF
• Dynamics of Laterally Propagating Flames in X-ray Bursts. I. Burning Front Structure
• Neutron transfer reactions in accreting neutron stars
• Activation cross section measurement of the 14N(p,gamma)15O astrophysical key reaction
• Burning in the tail: implications for a burst oscillation model
• Disentangling the role of vibration, rotation, and neutron transfer in the fusion of neutron-rich mid-mass nuclei
• Prospects for Pre-supernova Neutrino Observation in Future Large Liquid-scintillator Detectors
• First inverse kinematics measurement of key resonances in the ${}^{22}\text{Ne}(p,\gamma {)}^{23}\text{Na}$ reaction at stellar temperatures
• Photonuclear Reactions in Astrophysics
• R-process Element Cosmic Rays from Neutron Star Mergers
• Ab initio framework for nuclear scattering and reactions induced by light projectiles
• Lifetime measurements of excited states in ${}^{15}$O
• In-flight production of an isomeric beam of ${}^{16}$N
• Thermonuclear Reaction Rate of ${}^{30}$Si(p,$\gamma$)${}^{31}$P
• Superconducting phases in a two-component microscale model of neutron star cores
• Measurement of the ${}^{18}$Ne($\alpha ,p$)${}^{21}$Na reaction with ANASEN at $E_{c.m.}=$ 2.5-4 MeV
• New $\gamma$-ray Transitions Observed in ${}^{19}$Ne with Implications for the ${}^{15}$O($\alpha$,$\gamma$)${}^{19}$Ne Reaction Rate
• Dynamics of Laterally Propagating Flames in X-ray Bursts. II. Realistic Burning & Rotation
• Crust Cooling Models are Insensitive to the Crust-Core Transition Pressure for Realistic Equations of State
• Energy Acceptance of the St. George Recoil Separator
• Nuclear Resonances, Scattering and Reactions from First Principles: Progress and Prospects
• Progress in Nuclear Astrophysics of East and Southeast Asia
• Determination of the ${}^{60}$Zn level density from neutron evaporation spectra
• A technique for the study of (p,n) reactions with unstable isotopes at energies relevant to astrophysics
• Current problems in stellar evolution
• Digital Infrastructure in Astrophysics
• Modelling the chemical evolution of the Milky Way
• Women Scientists Who Made Nuclear Astrophysics

Cited by in corpus (24)

• Origin of neutron capture elements with the Gaia-ESO survey: the evolution of s- and r-process elements across the Milky Way
• The Influence of Beta Decay Rates on r-Process Observables
• Dense Matter in Neutron Stars with eXTP
• The R-Process Alliance: Fifth Data Release from the Search for R-Process-Enhanced Metal-poor Stars in the Galactic Halo with the GTC
• Advances and new ideas for neutron-capture astrophysics experiments at CERN n_TOF
• Emulating \emph{ab initio} computations of infinite nucleonic matter
• Extremely metal-poor stars in the Fornax and Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Turbulence modelling in neutron star merger simulations
• Impact of The Newly Revised Gravitational Redshift of X-ray Burster GS 1826-24 on The Equation of State of Supradense Neutron-Rich Matter
• Tidal Deformability Doppelgangers: Implications of a low-density phase transition in the neutron star equation of state
• Unveiling the chemical fingerprint of phosphorus-rich stars I. In the infrared region of APOGEE-2
• Proposed Lunar Measurements of $r$-Process Radioisotopes to Distinguish Origin of Deep-sea 244Pu
• Electromagnetic moments of the odd-mass nickel isotopes ${}^{59-67}$Ni
• A chemodynamical analysis of bright metal-poor stars from the HESP-GOMPA survey -- Indications of a non-prevailing site for light r-process elements
• Postfission properties of uranium isotopes: A hybrid method with Langevin dynamics and the Hauser-Feshbach statistical model
• neuSIM4: A comprehensive GEANT4 based neutron simulation code
• Recent Advances in Understanding R-Process Nucleosynthesis in Metal-Poor Stars and Stellar Systems
• Bayesian model mixing with multi-reference energy density functional
• Nuclear Reactions in Evolving Stars
• Neutron-rich nuclei and neutron skins from chiral low-resolution interactions
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Implications of low neutron star merger rates for gamma-ray bursts, r-process production and Galactic double neutron stars
• Impact of microscopic structural transitions on particle stability and lifetimes of hot nuclei
• In-Medium Similarity Renormalization Group at Finite Temperature