Light Curves of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for R-Process Nucleosynthesis

Abstract

On 2017 August 17, gravitational waves were detected from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, along with a coincident short gamma-ray burst, GRB170817A. An optical transient source, Swope Supernova Survey 17a (SSS17a), was subsequently identified as the counterpart of this event. We present ultraviolet, optical and infrared light curves of SSS17a extending from 10.9 hours to 18 days post-merger. We constrain the radioactively-powered transient resulting from the ejection of neutron-rich material. The fast rise of the light curves, subsequent decay, and rapid color evolution are consistent with multiple ejecta components of differing lanthanide abundance. The late-time light curve indicates that SSS17a produced at least ~0.05 solar masses of heavy elements, demonstrating that neutron star mergers play a role in r-process nucleosynthesis in the Universe.

Accepted to Science

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• Inferring kilonova ejecta photospheric properties from early blackbody spectra
• Gamma-ray bursts at extremely small fluence
• Las Cumbres Observatory Gravitational-Wave Follow-up in the Third and Fourth Observing Runs: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Rapid Response Galaxy Targeted Strategy
• Chandra X-ray Observations of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Thermal X-Ray Emission From a Kilonova Remnant?
• An introduction to astrophysical observables in gravitational wave detections
• Host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers across the cosmic time: Detectability of GW170817-like events
• SOAR/Goodman Spectroscopic Assessment of Candidate Counterparts of the LIGO-Virgo Event GW190814
• Insights into the equation of state of neutron-rich matter since GW170817
• Resolving the fastest ejecta from binary Neutron Star mergers: implications for electromagnetic counterparts
• Gamma-ray Bursts
• On the use of CHIME to Detect Long-Duration Radio Transients from Neutron Star Mergers
• Gamma-radiation sky maps from compact binaries
• Similar Fermi-GBM sGRBs to GW/sGRB 170817A in MeV-GeV energies
• Are Interactions with Neutron Star Merger Winds Shaping the Jets?
• GW170817 and GW190814: tension on the maximum mass
• Light curves and polarizations of gravitationally lensed kilonovae
• Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks
• Novae breves from magnetar giant flares: Potential probes of neutron star crusts