Constraints on the dense matter equation of state and neutron star properties from NICER's mass-radius estimate of PSR J0740+6620 and multimessenger observations

Abstract

In recent years our understanding of the dense matter equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars has significantly improved by analyzing multimessenger data from radio/X-ray pulsars, gravitational wave events, and from nuclear physics constraints. Here we study the additional impact on the EOS from the jointly estimated mass and radius of PSR J0740+6620, presented in Riley et al. (2021) by analyzing a combined dataset from X-ray telescopes NICER and XMM-Newton. We employ two different high-density EOS parameterizations: a piecewise-polytropic (PP) model and a model based on the speed of sound in a neutron star (CS). At nuclear densities these are connected to microscopic calculations of neutron matter based on chiral effective field theory interactions. In addition to the new NICER data for this heavy neutron star, we separately study constraints from the radio timing mass measurement of PSR J0740+6620, the gravitational wave events of binary neutron stars GW190425 and GW170817, and for the latter the associated kilonova AT2017gfo. By combining all these, and the NICER mass-radius estimate of PSR J0030+0451 we find the radius of a 1.4 solar mass neutron star to be constrained to the 95% credible ranges 12.33^{+0.76}_{-0.81} km (PP model) and 12.18^{+0.56}_{-0.79} km (CS model). In addition, we explore different chiral effective field theory calculations and show that the new NICER results provide tight constraints for the pressure of neutron star matter at around twice saturation density, which shows the power of these observations to constrain dense matter interactions at intermediate densities.

arXiv comment17 pages, 8 figures; accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters

References in corpus (107)

• SciPy 1.0--Fundamental Algorithms for Scientific Computing in Python
• The NumPy array: a structure for efficient numerical computation
• GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Gravitational Waves and Gamma-rays from a Binary Neutron Star Merger: GW170817 and GRB 170817A
• GWTC-1: A Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog of Compact Binary Mergers Observed by LIGO and Virgo during the First and Second Observing Runs
• MultiNest: an efficient and robust Bayesian inference tool for cosmology and particle physics
• GW170817: Measurements of Neutron Star Radii and Equation of State
• GWTC-2: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the First Half of the Third Observing Run
• GW190814: Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 23 M${}_{\odot }$ Black Hole with a 2.6 M${}_{\odot }$ Compact Object
• PSR J0030+0451 Mass and Radius from NICER Data and Implications for the Properties of Neutron Star Matter
• A NICER View of PSR J0030+0451: Millisecond Pulsar Parameter Estimation
• X-ray spectral modelling of the AGN obscuring region in the CDFS: Bayesian model selection and catalogue
• GW190425: Observation of a Compact Binary Coalescence with Total Mass $\sim 3.4M_{\odot }$
• Relativistic Shapiro delay measurements of an extremely massive millisecond pulsar
• Transient Events from Neutron Star Mergers
• Properties of the binary neutron star merger GW170817
• Constraining neutron star tidal Love numbers with gravitational wave detectors
• Science Case for the Einstein Telescope
• A NICER View of the Massive Pulsar PSR J0740+6620 Informed by Radio Timing and XMM-Newton Spectroscopy
• Electromagnetic Counterparts of Compact Object Mergers Powered by the Radioactive Decay of R-process Nuclei
• Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the Optical Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source
• Frequency-domain gravitational waves from non-precessing black-hole binaries. II. A phenomenological model for the advanced detector era
• Tidal deformability of neutron stars with realistic equations of state and their gravitational wave signatures in binary inspiral
• The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. II. UV, Optical, and Near-IR Light Curves and Comparison to Kilonova Models
• Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron star merger
• A kilonova as the electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave source
• The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational wave event GW 170817
• Light Curves of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for R-Process Nucleosynthesis
• Illuminating Gravitational Waves: A Concordant Picture of Photons from a Neutron Star Merger
• Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars From Multi-Messenger Observations of GW170817
• The Emergence of a Lanthanide-Rich Kilonova Following the Merger of Two Neutron Stars
• Equation of state and neutron star properties constrained by nuclear physics and observation
• Constraints on the symmetry energy and neutron skins from experiments and theory
• A simple model of complete precessing black-hole-binary gravitational waveforms
• Evidence for quark-matter cores in massive neutron stars
• Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of ${}^{208}$Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering
• Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger
• The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. IV. Detection of Near-infrared Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis with Gemini-South
• A Radio Counterpart to a Neutron Star Merger
• Implications of PREX-II on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter
• Constraining the Symmetry Parameters of the Nuclear Interaction
• The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. III. Optical and UV Spectra of a Blue Kilonova From Fast Polar Ejecta
• Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications
• GW170817, General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations, and the Neutron Star Maximum Mass
• Chiral three-nucleon forces and neutron matter
• Neutron matter at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory
• The Electromagnetic Counterpart of the Binary Neutron Star Merger LIGO/VIRGO GW170817. V. Rising X-ray Emission from an Off-Axis Jet
• Stringent constraints on neutron-star radii from multimessenger observations and nuclear theory
• Nonparametric constraints on neutron star matter with existing and upcoming gravitational wave and pulsar observations
• Chiral interactions up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order and nuclear saturation
• How well do we know the neutron-matter equation of state at the densities inside neutron stars? A Bayesian approach with correlated uncertainties
• Dynamical mass ejection from the merger of asymmetric binary neutron stars: Radiation-hydrodynamics study in general relativity
• Chiral Three-Nucleon Interactions in Light Nuclei, Neutron-$\alpha$ Scattering, and Neutron Matter
• A NICER view of PSR J0030+0451: Implications for the dense matter equation of state
• Multi-messenger Bayesian parameter inference of a binary neutron-star merger
• Systematic Opacity Calculations for Kilonovae
• The neutron skin thickness from the measured electric dipole polarizability in ${}^{68}$Ni, ${}^{120}$Sn, and ${}^{208}$Pb
• Constraining the dense matter equation of state with joint analysis of NICER and LIGO/Virgo measurements
• Nuclear forces and their impact on neutron-rich nuclei and neutron-rich matter
• Constraints on the neutron star equation of state from AT2017gfo using radiative transfer simulations
• Matter imprints in waveform models for neutron star binaries: tidal and self-spin effects
• Multimessenger Parameter Estimation of GW170817
• Non-parametric inference of the neutron star equation of state from gravitational wave observations
• Nonparametric Inference of Neutron Star Composition, Equation of State, and Maximum Mass with GW170817
• Electric dipole polarizability of ${}^{48}$Ca and implications for the neutron skin
• Equation of state sensitivities when inferring neutron star and dense matter properties
• Modeling dynamical ejecta from binary neutron star mergers and implications for electromagnetic counterparts
• Limiting masses and radii of neutron stars and their implications
• Estimates for Disk and Ejecta Masses Produced in Compact Binary Mergers
• Numerical Relativity Simulations of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817: Long-Term Remnant Evolutions, Winds, Remnant Disks, and Nucleosynthesis
• Three-Nucleon Forces: Implementation and Applications to Atomic Nuclei and Dense Matter
• Direct Astrophysical Tests of Chiral Effective Field Theory at Supranuclear Densities
• Spitzer Mid-Infrared Detections of Neutron Star Merger GW170817 Suggests Synthesis of the Heaviest Elements
• Axisymmetric Radiative Transfer Models of Kilonovae
• Modeling Supernova-like Explosions Associated with Gamma-ray Bursts with Short Durations
• AT2017gfo: Bayesian inference and model selection of multi-component kilonovae and constraints on the neutron star equation of state
• New equations of state constrained by nuclear physics, observations, and QCD calculations of high-density nuclear matter
• Combining Electromagnetic and Gravitational-Wave Constraints on Neutron-Star Masses and Radii
• Radioactive heating rate of r-process elements and macronova light curve
• Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties
• Causal Representations of Neutron-Star Equations of State
• Tight multi-messenger constraints on the neutron star equation of state from GW170817 and a forward model for kilonova light curve synthesis
• PSR J0030+0451, GW170817 and the nuclear data: joint constraints on equation of state and bulk properties of neutron stars
• A Parametrized Equation of State for Neutron Star Matter with Continuous Sound Speed
• Towards mitigation of apparent tension between nuclear physics and astrophysical observations by improved modeling of neutron star matter
• Distinguishing the nature of comparable-mass neutron star binary systems with multimessenger observations: GW170817 case study
• Waveform systematics in the gravitational-wave inference of tidal parameters and equation of state from binary neutron star signals
• Was GW170817 a canonical neutron star merger? Bayesian analysis with a third family of compact stars
• Viscous-Dynamical Ejecta from Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Twin stars and the stiffness of the nuclear equation of state: ruling out strong phase transitions below $1.7n_0$ with the new NICER radius measurements
• On the possibility of GW190425 being a black hole--neutron star binary merger
• Bayesian inference of dense matter EOS encapsulating a first-order hadron-quark phase transition from observables of canonical neutron stars
• The Challenges Ahead for Multimessenger Analyses of Gravitational Waves and Kilonova: a Case Study on GW190425
• Can we distinguish low mass black holes in neutron star binaries?
• Comparing inclination dependent analyses of kilonova transients
• Can a black hole-neutron star merger explain GW170817, AT2017gfo, GRB170817A?
• Is GW190425 consistent with being a neutron star$-$black hole merger?
• Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the second part of the Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run: lessons learned for future follow-up observations
• A scalable random forest regressor for combining neutron-star equation of state measurements: A case study with GW170817 and GW190425
• Charge radius of the short-lived ${}^{68}$Ni and correlation with the dipole polarizability
• On parametrised cold dense matter equation of state inference
• Finite tidal effects in GW170817: Observational evidence or model assumptions?
• The Radius of PSR J0740+6620 from NICER and XMM-Newton Data
• Constraint on phase transition with the multimessenger data of neutron stars
• Constraining the Neutron Star Radius with Joint Gravitational-Wave and Short Gamma-Ray Burst Observations of Neutron Star-Black Hole Coalescing Binaries
• Studying the Landau mass parameter of the extended $\sigma$-$\omega$ model for neutron star matter

Cited by in corpus (10)

• Constraining Neutron-Star Matter with Microscopic and Macroscopic Collisions
• Imposing multi-physics constraints at different densities on the Neutron Star Equation of State
• Peaks of sound velocity in two color dense QCD: quark saturation effects and semishort range correlations
• Holographic QCD in the NICER era
• Baryonic dense matter in view of gravitational-wave observations
• Delineating chiral separation effect in two-color dense QCD
• Nuclear-Physics Multi-Messenger Astrophysics Constraints on the Neutron-Star Equation of State: Adding NICER's PSR J0740+6620 Measurement
• Density Functional Equation of State and Its Application to the Phenomenology of Heavy-Ion Collisions
• Chiral condensates for neutron stars in hadron-quark crossover; from a parity doublet nucleon model to an NJL quark model
• The nuclear matter density functional under the nucleonic hypothesis