Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the Optical Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source

Abstract

On 2017 August 17, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer detected gravitational waves emanating from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817. Nearly simultaneously, the Fermi and INTEGRAL telescopes detected a gamma-ray transient, GRB 170817A. 10.9 hours after the gravitational wave trigger, we discovered a transient and fading optical source, Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), coincident with GW170817. SSS17a is located in NGC 4993, an S0 galaxy at a distance of 40 megaparsecs. The precise location of GW170817 provides an opportunity to probe the nature of these cataclysmic events by combining electromagnetic and gravitational-wave observations.

25 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, published today in Science

References in corpus (6)

• Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• Light Curves of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for R-Process Nucleosynthesis
• Electromagnetic Evidence that SSS17a is the Result of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
• A Neutron Star Binary Merger Model for GW170817/GRB170817a/SSS17a
• The Old Host-Galaxy Environment of SSS17a, the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source
• The Unprecedented Properties of the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source

Cited by in corpus (414)

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• Does Gravity Fall Down? Evidence for Gravitational Wave Deflection Along the Line of Sight to GW 170817
• Multi-scale VLBI observations of the candidate host galaxy of GRB 200716C
• WINTER on S250206dm: A near-infrared search for an electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational-wave event
• Optimal Follow-Up of Gravitational-Wave Events with the UltraViolet EXplorer (UVEX)
• Interpolated kilonova spectra models: necessity for a phenomenological, blue component in the fitting of AT2017gfo spectra
• Constraining parameters of low mass merging compact binary systems with Einstein Telescope alone
• Limiting the Number of Extra Dimensions with Shortcuts
• Modeling the fast optical transient SN 2019bkc/ATLAS19dqr with a central engine and implication for its origin
• Constraining the effective field theory of dark energy with multimessenger astronomy
• An Analytic Description of Electron Thermalization in Kilonovae Ejecta
• GRB Afterglow of the Sub-relativistic Materials with Energy Injection
• Subsequent Nonthermal Emission due to the Kilonova Ejecta in GW 170817
• Emergent modified gravity: Polarized Gowdy model on a torus
• Methods for relativistic self-gravitating fluids: From binary neutron stars to black hole-disks and magnetized rotating neutron stars
• Modeling the Multi-band Light Curves of the Afterglows of Three Gamma-Ray Bursts and Their Associated Supernovae
• New measures to test modified gravity cosmologies
• Constraining the $f$-mode oscillations frequency in Neutron Stars through Universal Relations in the realm of Energy-Momentum Squared Gravity
• Multi-messenger standard-siren cosmology for third-generation gravitational-wave detectors: forecasts considering observations of gamma-ray bursts and kilonovae
• A Very-High-Energy Gamma-Ray View of the Transient Sky
• Double neutron star formation via consecutive type II supernova explosions
• Kilonova-Targeting Lightcurve Classification for Wide Field Survey Telescope
• The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO): prototype performance and prospects for transient science
• Electromagnetic Follow-up to Gravitational Wave Events with the UltraViolet EXplorer (UVEX)
• An Archival Search for Neutron-Star Mergers in Gravitational Waves and Very-High-Energy Gamma Rays
• Event Rate of Fast Radio Burst from Binary Neutron-star Mergers
• Identification of Strongly Lensed Gravitational Wave Events Using Squeeze-and-Excitation Multilayer Perceptron Data-efficient Image Transformer
• What to expect: kilonova light curve predictions via equation of state marginalization
• Spacetime Curvature as a Probe of Exotic Core Phases in Neutron Stars within Modified Gravity
• Binary Neutron Star (BNS) merger: What we learned from relativistic ejecta of GW/GRB~170817A
• High-energy emissions from neutron star mergers
• Light Travel Time Effects in Kilonova Models
• Features and prospects for kilonova remnant detection with current and future surveys
• Multi-Messenger Astrophysics with THESEUS in the 2030s
• Impact of in situ nuclear networks and atomic opacities on neutron star merger ejecta dynamics, nucleosynthesis, and kilonovae
• RADAR-Radio Afterglow Detection and AI-driven Response: A Federated Framework for Gravitational Wave Event Follow-Up
• Gravitational Waves and Electromagnetic Transients
• On the use of galaxy catalogs in gravitational-wave parameter estimation
• El-CID: A filter for Gravitational-wave Electromagnetic Counterpart Identification
• Detection probability of light compact binary mergers in future observing runs of the current ground-based gravitational wave detector network
• Enhancing gravitational-wave host localization with SKYFAST: rapid volume and inclination angle reconstruction
• Rapid Hierarchical Inference of Neutron Star Equation of State from multiple Gravitational Wave Observations of Binary Neutron Star Coalescences
• An Online Framework for Fitting Fast Transient Lightcurves
• Plasma Instabilities Dominate Radioactive Transients Magnetic Fields: The self-confinement of leptons in Type Ia and Core-Collapse Supernovae, and Kilonovae
• Evolutionary tracks of binary neutron star progenitors across cosmic times
• Shared Properties of Merger-driven Long-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
• A constraint on superheavy elements of the GRB-kilonova AT 2023vfi
• Equation of State of Decompressed Quark Matter, and Observational Signatures of Quark-Star Mergers
• Machine-directed gravitational-wave counterpart discovery
• Illuminating the Mass Gap Through Deep Optical Constraint on a Neutron Star Merger Candidate S250206dm
• Constraining the quantum gravity polymer scale using LIGO data
• Gravitational Lensing of Gravitational Waves from Astrophysical Sources: Theory, Detection, and Applications
• 3D Localization of FRB 20190425A for Its Potential Host Galaxy and Implications
• Adding Gamma-ray Polarimetry to the Multi-Messenger Era
• Gravitational physics in the context of Indian astronomy: A vision document
• Probing millisecond magnetar formation in binary neutron star mergers through X-ray follow-up of gravitational wave alerts
• Exploring Composition Mixing in Kilonova Ejecta with Ray-by-ray Simulations
• Gamma-ray bursts at extremely small fluence
• Simulation Study on Constraining GW Propagation Speed by GW and GRB Joint Observation on Binary Neutron Star Mergers
• Kilonova and progenitor properties of merger-driven gamma-ray bursts
• Distribution of Europium in The Milky Way Disk; Its Connection to Planetary Habitability and The Source of The R-Process
• ASAS-SN search for optical counterparts of gravitational-wave events from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO/Virgo
• Neutron star evolution by combining discontinuous Galerkin and finite volume methods
• Cosmic evolution in DHOST theories with scaling solutions
• Does a long-lived remnant neutron star exist after short gamma-ray burst GRB 160821B?
• Kilohertz Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Full Spectrum Analyses and High-density Constraints on Neutron Star Matter
• Chiral Effective Field Theory's Impact on Advancing Quantum Monte Carlo Methods
• Challenging a binary neutron star merger interpretation of GW230529
• Measurement of the Hubble constant using the Dark Energy Survey Year 6 Gold galaxy catalogue and the fourth Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalogue
• On the hosts of neutron star mergers in the nearby Universe
• Constraints on the Neutron Star Equation of State from GW170817
• Radial perturbations of scalar-Gauss-Bonnet black holes beyond spontaneous scalarization
• Novae breves from magnetar giant flares: Potential probes of neutron star crusts
• Identifying Host Galaxies of Binary Black Hole Mergers with Next-Generation Gravitational Wave Detector Networks
• Toward a Unified Understanding of the Dense Matter Equation of State
• Astrophysical or Terrestrial: Machine learning classification of gravitational-wave candidates using multiple-search information
• Modelling the host galaxies of binary compact object mergers with observational scaling relations
• Las Cumbres Observatory Gravitational-Wave Follow-up in the Third and Fourth Observing Runs: Strengths and Weaknesses of a Rapid Response Galaxy Targeted Strategy
• Early Warning From Eccentric Compact Binaries: Template Initialization And Sub-dominant Mode Effects
• Deep ATCA and VLA radio observations of short-GRB host galaxies. Constraints on star-formation rates, afterglow flux, and kilonova radio flares
• Light curves and polarizations of gravitationally lensed kilonovae
• A Study of Systematics on the Cosmological Inference of the Hubble Constant from Gravitational Wave Standard Sirens
• Optimising the observation of optical kilonovae with medium size telescopes
• Gamma-ray Bursts
• Electromagnetic Precursors to Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Kinetic Simulations of Magnetospheric Flaring
• On the use of CHIME to Detect Long-Duration Radio Transients from Neutron Star Mergers
• Similar Fermi-GBM sGRBs to GW/sGRB 170817A in MeV-GeV energies
• The thermal index of neutron-star matter in the virial approximation
• Generalized Linear Models of T${}_{90}$-T${}_{50}$ relation to classify GRBs
• Host galaxies and electromagnetic counterparts to binary neutron star mergers across the cosmic time: Detectability of GW170817-like events
• Incorporating a radiative hydrodynamics scheme in the numerical-relativity code BAM