Helium features are inconsistent with the spectral evolution of the kilonova AT2017gfo
arXiv:2407.12907 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202451450
Abstract
The spectral features observed in kilonovae (KNe) reveal the elemental composition and the velocity structures of matter ejected from neutron star mergers. In the spectra of the kilonova AT2017gfo, a P Cygni line at about 1m has been linked to Sr II, providing the first direct evidence of freshly synthesised -process material. An alternative explanation to Sr II was proposed - He I nm under certain non-local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (NLTE) conditions. A key way to robustly discriminate between these identifications, and indeed other proposed identifications, is to analyse the temporal emergence and evolution of the feature. In this analysis we trace the earliest appearance of the observed feature and detail its spectro-temporal evolution, which we compare with a collisional-radiative model of helium. We show that the 1m P Cygni line is inconsistent with a He I interpretation both in emergence time and in subsequent spectral evolution. Self-consistent helium masses cannot reproduce the observed feature, due to the diminishing strength of radiative pathways leaving triplet helium.
10 pages, 6 figures. A&A, 692
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