Presupernova Evolution of Differentially Rotating Massive Stars Including Magnetic Fields

Abstract

As a massive star evolves through multiple stages of nuclear burning on its way to becoming a supernova, a complex, differentially rotating structure is set up. Angular momentum is transported by a variety of classic instabilities, and also by magnetic torques from fields generated by the differential rotation. We present the first stellar evolution calculations to follow the evolution of rotating massive stars including, at least approximately, all these effects, magnetic and non-magnetic, from the zero-age main sequence until the onset of iron-core collapse. The evolution and action of the magnetic fields is as described by Spruit 2002 and a range of uncertain parameters is explored. In general, we find that magnetic torques decrease the final rotation rate of the collapsing iron core by about a factor of 30 to 50 when compared with the non-magnetic counterparts. Angular momentum in that part of the presupernova star destined to become a neutron star is an increasing function of main sequence mass. That is, pulsars derived from more massive stars will rotate faster and rotation will play a more dominant role in the star's explosion. The final angular momentum of the core is determined - to within a factor of two - by the time the star ignites carbon burning. For the lighter stars studied, around 15 solar masses, we predict pulsar periods at birth near 15 ms, though a factor of two range is easily tolerated by the uncertainties. Several mechanisms for additional braking in a young neutron star, especially by fall back, are also explored.

32 pages, 3 figures (8 eps files), submitted to ApJ

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• Cosmic backgrounds due to the formation of the first generation of supermassive black holes
• Tossing Black Hole Spin Axes
• Blue supergiants as descendants of magnetic main sequence stars
• Comparing supernova remnants around strongly magnetized and canonical pulsars
• A Linear and Quadratic Time-Frequency Analysis of Gravitational Waves from Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Is Betelgeuse the Outcome of a Past Merger?
• Asteroseismology of the Nearby SN-II Progenitor: Rigel Part I. The MOST High Precision Photometry and Radial Velocity Monitoring
• Numerical Simulations of Equatorially-Asymmetric Magnetized Supernovae: Formation of Magnetars and Their Kicks
• AMR simulations of the low T/|W| bar-mode instability of neutron stars
• Identifying rotation in SASI-dominated core-collapse supernovae with a neutrino gyroscope
• Gravitational waves from supernova matter
• Circular polarization of gravitational waves from non-rotating supernova cores: a new probe into the pre-explosion hydrodynamics
• The needle in the haystack - Where to look for more isolated cooling neutron stars
• Influence of Magnetorotational Instability on Neutrino Heating: A New Mechanism for Weakly Magnetized Core-Collapse Supernovae
• A three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulation of oxygen-shell burning in the final evolution of a fast-rotating massive star
• Magnetized massive stars as magnetar progenitors
• Failure of a neutrino-driven explosion after core-collapse may lead to a thermonuclear supernova
• Aluminium-26 from massive binary stars II. Rotating single stars up to core-collapse and their impact on the early Solar System
• Spatially resolved X-ray study of supernova remnants that host magnetars: Implication of their fossil field origin
• Magnetar Powered Ordinary Type IIP Supernovae
• Chemical Mixing Induced by Internal Gravity Waves in Intermediate Mass Stars
• Helium ignition in rotating magnetized CO white dwarfs leading to fast and faint rather than classical type Ia supernovae
• Discovery of gamma-ray emission from the extragalactic pulsar wind nebula N157B with the High Energy Stereoscopic System
• Discovery of magnetic A supergiants: the descendants of magnetic main sequence B stars
• Two-dimensional numerical study for magnetic field dependence of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova models
• The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution: IV. Grids of models at Solar, LMC, and SMC metallicities
• Do high-spin high-mass X-ray binaries contribute to the population of merging binary black holes?
• Gravitational Wave Signals from Two-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models with Rotation and Magnetic Fields
• New \textsl{s}-process Mechanism in Rapidly-Rotating Massive Pop II Stars
• Fallback accretion powered supernova light curves based on a neutrino-driven explosion simulation of a 40 Msun star
• Understanding the Engines and Progenitors of Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Asymmetric core collapse of rapidly rotating massive star
• Stromlo Stellar Tracks: non-solar scaled abundances for massive stars
• SNAPSHOT: Connections between Internal and Surface Properties of Massive Stars
• Expansion of Kes 73, a Shell Supernova Remnant Containing a Magnetar
• Alfven Wave-Driven Supernova Explosion
• The Zwicky Transient Facility phase I sample of hydrogen-rich superluminous supernovae without strong narrow emission lines
• Detectability of small-scale magnetic fields in early-type stars
• Mass-loss predictions for evolved very metal-poor massive stars
• Three Dimensional Magneto Hydrodynamical Simulations of Gravitational Collapse of a 15Msun Star
• The Final Fate of Supermassive $M\sim 5\times 10^4{M}_{\odot }$ Pop III Stars: Explosion or Collapse?
• The Role of the Magnetorotational Instability in the Sun
• Three Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamical Simulations of Core Collapse Supernova
• The need for hypercritical accretion in massive black-hole binaries with large Kerr parameters
• Dynamics of an Alfven surface in core collapse supernovae
• Revisiting the Flowers-Ruderman instability of magnetic stars
• The Evolution of Helium Star Plus Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarf Binary Systems and Implications for Diverse Stellar Transients and Hypervelocity Stars
• On the anomalously large extension of the Pulsar Wind Nebula HESS J1825-137
• Rotating Stars and the Formation of Bipolar Planetary Nebulae II: Tidal Spin-up
• The magneto-rotational instability in massive stars
• Pulsar spin-velocity alignment from single and binary neutron star progenitors
• On the duration of long GRBs: effects of black hole spin
• Gamma-ray bursts and Population III stars
• Rapidly rotating Population III stellar models as a source of primary nitrogen
• Internal circulation in tidally locked massive binary stars -- Consequences for double black hole formation
• Which black hole is spinning? Probing the origin of black-hole spin with gravitational waves
• Explodability criteria for the neutrino-driven supernova mechanism
• Is Betelgeuse Really Rotating? Synthetic ALMA Observations of Large-scale Convection in 3D Simulations of Red Supergiants
• Evaluating chemically homogeneous evolution in stellar binaries: Electromagnetic implications -- Ionizing photons, SLSN-I, GRB, Ic-BL
• 3-Dimensional Simulations of the Reorganization of a Quark Star's Magnetic Field as Induced by the Meissner Effect
• Optical Multi-Channel Intensity Interferometry - or: How To Resolve O-Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
• Supernovae Powered by Collapsar Accretion in Gamma-Ray Burst Sources
• Critical angular momentum distributions in collapsars: quiescent periods from accretion state transitions in long gamma-ray bursts
• On the Angular Momentum Transport Efficiency within the Star Constrained from Gravitational-wave Observations
• Dynamical Bar-Mode Instability in Differentially Rotating Magnetized Neutron Stars
• Chemical abundances of fast-rotating massive stars. II. Interpretation and comparison with evolutionary models
• Detecting deep axisymmetric toroidal magnetic fields in stars. The traditional approximation of rotation for differentially rotating deep spherical shells with a general azimuthal magnetic field
• A Comparison of 2D Magnetohydrodynamic Supernova Simulations with the CoCoNuT-FMT and Aenus-Alcar Codes
• Effects of QCD phase transition on gravitational radiation from two-dimensional collapse and bounce of massive stars
• Residual Carbon in Oxygen-Neon White Dwarfs and its Implications for Accretion-Induced Collapse
• Post-explosion evolution of core-collapse supernovae
• The propagation of choked jet outflows in power-law external media
• The Gravitational Wave Signature of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Effects of rotation and magnetic field on the revival of a stalled shock in supernova explosions
• Reverse Algols and hydrogen-rich Wolf-Rayet stars from very massive binaries
• Relativistic stars with purely toroidal magnetic fields with realistic equations of state
• Origin of TeV Galactic Cosmic Rays
• A Two-Dimensional MagnetoHydrodynamics Scheme for General Unstructured Grids
• Hypercritical Accretion for Black Hole High Spin in Cygnus X-1
• Convection and rotation boosted prescription of magnetic braking: application to the formation of extremely low-mass white dwarfs
• Stability of the toroidal magnetic field in stellar radiation zones
• The evolution of massive and very massive stars in clusters
• Stellar evolution of massive stars at very low metallicities
• On The Impact Of 22Ne On The Pulsation Periods Of Carbon-Oxygen White Dwarfs With Helium Dominated Atmospheres
• Testing the concept of integral approach to derivatives within the smoothed particle hydrodynamics technique in astrophysical scenarios
• Can MAD accretion disks launching structured jets explain both GRB and AGN engines? Magnetically arrested accretion disks launching structured jets in application to GRB and AGN engines
• Differential Rotation in a 3D Simulation of Oxygen Shell Burning
• Merging binary black holes formed through double-core evolution
• A Common Envelope Binary Star Origin of Long Gamma-ray Bursts
• Helium and Nitrogen Enrichment in Massive Main Sequence Stars: Mechanisms and Implications for the Origin of WNL Stars
• The Tayler Instability in the Anelastic Approximation
• Induced differential rotation and mixing in asynchronous binary stars
• Low-$T/|W|$ instabilities in differentially rotating proto-neutron stars with magnetic fields
• Charm contribution to ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from newborn magnetars
• Long-duration Gamma-ray Burst Progenitors and Magnetar Formation
• A Fallback Disk Accretion-Involved Formation Channel to PSR J1903+0327
• Radio Loud vs. Radio Quiet Gamma-ray Bursts: the Role of Binary Progenitors
• Magneto-Rotational Transport in the Early Sun
• Exploring Supernova Gravitational Waves with Machine Learning
• Boron depletion in Galactic early B-type stars reveals two different main sequence star populations
• The spins of stripped B stars support magnetic internal angular momentum transport
• Relativistic hybrid stars with super-strong toroidal magnetic fields: An evolutionary track with QCD phase transition
• Toward a magnetohydrodynamic theory of the stationary accretion shock: toy model of the advective-acoustic cycle in a magnetized flow
• Supernovae and Gaia
• Formation of long-period post-common-envelope binaries II. Explaining the self-lensing binary KOI 3278
• Rapidly rotating neutron star progenitors
• A systematic study of magnetar-powered hydrogen-rich supernovae
• On the Role of the $\Omega \Gamma$ Limit in the Formation of Population III Massive Stars
• Electromagnetic priors for black hole spindown in searches for gravitational-waves from supernovae and long GRBs
• Looking deep into the Cat's Eye: Structure and rotation in the fast wind of the PN central star of NGC6543
• Spin evolution of a proto-neutron star
• Rotation and Magnetism of Massive Stellar Cores
• Strongly magnetized pulsars: explosive events and evolution
• Inferring physical properties of stellar collapse by third-generation gravitational-wave detectors
• Three-Dimensional Simulations of Massive Stars: II. Age Dependence
• The Three-Dimensional Collapse of a Rapidly Rotating 16 $M_{\odot }$ Star
• Can very massive Population III stars produce a super-collapsar?
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• Effects of Resistivity on Magnetized Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Neutrino-dominated accretion flows: second nucleosynthesis factory in core-collapse supernovae and regulation of iron markets in galaxies
• The formation of the magnetic symbiotic star FN Sgr
• gamma Peg: testing Vega-like magnetic fields in B stars
• thornado-hydro: a discontinuous Galerkin method for supernova hydrodynamics with nuclear equations of state
• Stellar models of Betelgeuse constrained using observed surface conditions
• Critical fields and growth rates of the Tayler instability as probed by a columnar gallium experiment
• Standing Accretion Shock Instability in the Collapse of a Rotating Stellar Core
• Theoretical investigation of the occurrence of tidally excited oscillations in massive eccentric binary systems
• Probing nuclear physics with supernova gravitational waves and machine learning
• Stochastic Core Spin-Up in Massive Stars -- Implications of 3D Simulations of Oxygen Shell Burning
• Photometric White Dwarf Rotation
• Presupernova Structure of Massive Stars
• Rapid Spin Deceleration of Magnetized Proto-Neutron Stars via Asymmetric Neutrino Emission
• Flare-less long Gamma-ray Bursts and the properties of their massive star progenitors
• Resonant Spin-Flavor Conversion of Supernova Neutrinos: Dependence on Electron Mole Fraction
• Bringing Stellar Evolution & Feedback Together: Summary of proposals from the Lorentz Center Workshop, 2022
• Fallback onto Kicked Neutron Stars and its Effect on Spin-Kick Alignment
• Gamma-Ray Burst in a Binary System
• On the initial spin period distribution of neutron stars
• Anomalous dynamics triggered by a non-convex equation of state in relativistic flows
• Spin-down of neutron stars by neutrino emission
• Impact of rotation on the evolution of convective vortices in collapsing stars
• Impact of Rotation on the Multimessenger Signatures of a Hadron-quark Phase Transition in Core-collapse Supernovae
• Spatial distribution of radionuclides in 3D models of SN 1987A and Cas A
• Cosmological Gravitational Wave Background from Phase Transitions in Neutron Stars
• How Efficient is Rotational Mixing in Massive Stars ?
• Analytic approximations for massive close post-mass transfer binary systems
• Accretion induced black hole spin up revised by numerical GR MHD simulations
• Formation of twin compact stars in low-mass X-ray binaries: Implications on eccentric and isolated millisecond pulsar populations
• Nonideal evolution of nonaxisymmetric, force-free magnetic fields in a magnetar
• Supernovae from rotating stars
• Evolutionary process of the interacting binary V495 Centauri
• The IACOB project XIV. New clues on the location of the TAMS in the massive star domain
• An Argument for Weakly-Magnetized, Slowly-Rotating Progenitors of Long Gamma-Ray Bursts
• Metal-enriched Pair-instability supernovae: Effects of rotation
• Effects of Rotationally-Induced Mixing in Compact Binary Systems with Low-Mass Secondaries and in Single Solar-Type Stars
• Turning Points in the Evolution of Isolated Neutron Stars' Magnetic Fields
• Stability of the toroidal magnetic field in rotating stars
• Massive stellar models: rotational evolution, metallicity effects
• Determination of the angular momentum distribution of supernovae from gravitational wave observations
• The Core-Collapse Supernova Explosion Mechanism
• Hyperons and $\Delta$'s in rotating protoneutron stars: Global properties
• Progenitor constraint with circumstellar material for the magnetar-hosting supernova remnant RCW 103
• Storing magnetic fields in pre-collapse cores of massive stars
• Stellar Evolution at Low Metallicity
• Impact of rotation on stellar models
• Pair-Instability Supernovae of Fast Rotating Stars
• Exploring the relativistic regime with Newtonian hydrodynamics: II. An effective gravitational potential for rapid rotation
• Eddy viscosity and turbulent Schmidt number by kink-type instability of strong toroidal magnetic fields
• Deep-Learning Classification and Parameter Inference of Rotational Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Magnetic quadri-dipolar stars rotating in vacuum
• Diffuse Neutrino Background from Magnetorotational Stellar Core Collapses
• A new long gamma-ray burst formation pathway at solar metallicity
• Massive stars, successes and challenges
• Anisotropic turbulent transport with horizontal shear in stellar radiative zones
• Influence of magnetic field on beta-processes in supernova matter
• Magnetars From Magnetized Cores Created by a Strong Interaction Phase Transition
• Asteroseismology of the young open cluster NGC 2516 II. Constraining cluster age using gravity-mode pulsators
• Pre-supernova outbursts by core magnetic activity
• A mixed helium-oxygen shell in some core-collapse supernova progenitors
• Standing torsional Alfvén waves as the source of the rotational period variation in magnetic early-type stars
• Deciphering the period spacing pattern in the oscillation spectrum of the SPB star KIC 7760680
• Estimate of the Detectability of the Circular Polarisation Signature of Supernova Gravitational Waves Using the Stokes Parameters
• Exploring the internal rotation of the extremely low-mass He-core white dwarf GD 278 with TESS asteroseismology
• Going out with a bang: compact object collisions resulting from supernovae in binary systems
• Magnetic field generation by the stationary accretion shock instability
• Analysis and simulations of binary black hole merger spins -- the question of spin-axis tossing at black hole formation
• The rotational shear in pre-collapse cores of massive stars
• Magnetic Fields in Stars: Origin and Impact
• Evidence for Three Subpopulations of Merging Binary Black Holes at Different Primary Masses
• Turbulent magnetic field amplification from spiral SASI modes in core-collapse supernovae
• Detailed evolutionary models of massive contact binaries: I. Model grids and synthetic populations for the Magellanic Clouds
• Possible evolution of dim radio quiet neutron star 1E 1207.4-5209 based on a B-decay model
• Jet-driven active galactic nucleus feedback in galaxy formation before black hole formation
• Between the cosmic-ray `knee' and the `ankle': Contribution from star clusters
• Asteroseismology and spectropolarimetry: opening new windows on the internal dynamics of massive stars
• From Main Sequence Binary to Blast: MESA Modeling of the Double-Detonation Progenitor PTF1~J2238+7430
• Evolution of progenitor stars of Type Ibc supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts
• Supernova neutrino signals by liquid Argon detector and neutrino magnetic moment
• Exploring the probing power of gamma-Dor's inertial dip for core magnetism: case of a toroidal field
• Evolution of stars with 60 and 200 Msun: predictions for WNh stars in the Milky Way
• Resonant amplification of multimessenger emission in rotating stellar core collapse
• Numerical Simulations of the Random Angular Momentum in Convection: Implications for Supergiant Collapse to Form Black Holes
• Three-dimensional GRMHD simulations of jet formation and propagation in self-gravitating collapsing stars
• Co-existence of Internal Gravity Waves and Tayler-Spruit Magnetic Fields in the Radiative Core of Low-mass Stars
• Efficient approximations of neutrino physics for three-dimensional simulations of stellar core collapse
• Apsidal motion and proximity effects in the massive binary BD+60 497
• Assessing the Distance for Probing the Nuclear Equation of State with Supernova Gravitational Waves
• On the Origin of Pulsar and Magnetar Magnetic Fields
• A web-tool for population synthesis of near-by cooling neutron stars: An on-line test for cooling curves
• Magnetic pinch-type instability in stellar radiative zones
• Impact of stellar rotation on type II supernova progenitor masses from pre-explosion imaging
• Toward a Comprehensive Grid of Cepheid Models with MESA. IV. Modest Effects of Rotation on Blue Loops
• Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Comprehensive neutrino light curves and spectra: from pre-supernova evolution to early supernova phase
• Evolution and chemical and dynamical effects of high-mass stars
• Mixing of CNO-cycled matter in massive stars
• Distinguishing Dirac and Majorana Neutrinos: Resonant Spin-Flavor Precession of GeV-Scale Astrophysical Transients
• A choked jet in SN 2023ixf?