The evolution of rotating stars

Abstract

First, we review the main physical effects to be considered in the building of evolutionary models of rotating stars on the Upper Main-Sequence (MS). The internal rotation law evolves as a result of contraction and expansion, meridional circulation, diffusion processes and mass loss. In turn, differential rotation and mixing exert a feedback on circulation and diffusion, so that a consistent treatment is necessary. We review recent results on the evolution of internal rotation and the surface rotational velocities for stars on the Upper MS, for red giants, supergiants and W-R stars. A fast rotation is enhancing the mass loss by stellar winds and reciprocally high mass loss is removing a lot of angular momentum. The problem of the ``break-up'' or $\Omega$-limit is critically examined in connection with the origin of Be and LBV stars. The effects of rotation on the tracks in the HR diagram, the lifetimes, the isochrones, the blue to red supergiant ratios, the formation of W-R stars, the chemical abundances in massive stars as well as in red giants and AGB stars, are reviewed in relation to recent observations for stars in the Galaxy and Magellanic Clouds. The effects of rotation on the final stages and on the chemical yields are examined, as well as the constraints placed by the periods of pulsars. On the whole, this review points out that stellar evolution is not only a function of mass M and metallicity Z, but of angular velocity $\Omega$ as well.

78 pages, 7 figures, review for Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, vol. 38 (2000)

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• Spatially Resolved Chandra Spectroscopy of the Large Magellanic Cloud Supernova Remnant N132D
• Modelling the optical spectrum of Romano's star
• The Secret Lives of Cepheids: Evolution, Mass Loss, and Ultraviolet Emission of the Long-Period Classical Cepheid $l$ Carinae
• The possible disappearance of a massive star in the low metallicity galaxy PHL 293B
• The IACOB project XI. No increase of mass-loss rates over the bistability region
• Impact of main-sequence mass loss on the appearance, structure and evolution of Wolf-Rayet stars
• A Comparison of Rotating and Binary Stellar Evolution Models: Effects on Massive Star Populations
• Dissecting the microphysics behind the metallicity-dependence of massive stars radii
• Clumping in the Winds of Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Spinning up the Surface: Evidence for Planetary Engulfment or Unexpected Angular Momentum Transport?
• Deep inside low-mass stars
• Rectangular core-collapse supernova remnants: application to Puppis A
• Detailed theoretical models for extra-solar planet-host stars: The "red stragglers" HD37124 and HD46375
• Gravity darkening in stars with surface differential rotation
• Differential Rotation in a 3D Simulation of Oxygen Shell Burning
• The impact of metallicity on nova populations
• Inferring the velocity of early massive stars from the abundances of extremely metal-poor stars
• The binary merger channel for the progenitor of the fastest rotating O-type star VFTS102
• Turbulent transport by diffusive stratified shear flows: from local to global models. III. A closure model
• Surface and core detonations in rotating white dwarfs
• The role of binarity and stellar rotation in the split main sequence of NGC 2422
• Induced differential rotation and mixing in asynchronous binary stars
• Galactic O-type stars in LAMOST data
• The spins of stripped B stars support magnetic internal angular momentum transport
• The impact of convective criteria on the properties of massive stars
• Episodic modulations in supernova radio light curves from luminous blue variable supernova progenitor models
• Rapidly rotating neutron star progenitors
• A versatile numerical method for obtaining structures of rapidly rotating baroclinic stars: self-consistent and systematic solutions with shellular-type rotation
• Long uninterrupted photometric observations of the Wolf-Rayet star EZ CMa by the Toronto {\em{BRITE}} satellite reveal a very fast apsidal motion
• Mapping the core of the Tarantula Nebula with VLT-MUSE II. The spectroscopic Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of OB stars in NGC 2070
• What Regulates Galaxy Evolution? Open Questions in Our Understanding of Galaxy Formation and Evolution
• Exploring the stellar rotation of early-type stars in the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Survey. II. Statistics
• Analysis of high-resolution FEROS spectroscopy for a sample of variable B-type stars assembled from TESS photometry
• The Birth-Cluster of the Galactic Luminous Blue Variable WRA751
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Enhanced multiplicity of early B-type dwarfs and giants at $Z=0.2{\mathrm{Z}}_{\odot }$
• The Neon Abundance of Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars
• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
• Time-dependent, long-term hydrodynamic simulations of the inner protoplanetary disk II: The importance of stellar rotation
• Revealing the Asymmetry of the Wind of the Variable Wolf-Rayet Star WR1 (HD4004) Through Spectropolarization
• Stellar populations in star clusters
• V363 Cas: a new lithium rich Galactic Cepheid
• Neutron stars formation and Core Collapse Supernovae
• Violation of Richardson's Criterion via Introduction of a Magnetic Field
• Impact of binary interaction on the evolution of blue supergiants
• Critical study of the distribution of rotational velocities of Be stars; II: Differential rotation and some hidden effects interfering with the interpretation of the Vsin i parameter
• Structure and evolution of rotationally and tidally distorted stars
• Signatures of Rapidly Rotating Stars with Chemically Homogeneous Evolution in the First Galaxies
• A Near-Infrared Survey for Galactic Wolf-Rayet Stars
• gamma Peg: testing Vega-like magnetic fields in B stars
• Tayler Instability Revisited
• Observational implications of cosmologically coupled black holes
• The effects of rotation on massive star spectroscopic observables
• Five WC9 stars discovered in the AAO/UKST H-alpha Survey
• The IACOB project XIII. Helium enrichment in O-type stars as a tracer of past binary interaction
• Physics of mass loss in massive stars
• On the origin of the split main sequences of the young massive cluster NGC 1856
• A New Luminous blue variable in the outskirt of the Andromeda Galaxy
• Stellar winds as a mechanism to tilt the spin axes of Sun-like stars
• Impact of distance determinations on Galactic structure. II. Old tracers
• Exploring the helium core of the delta Scuti star CoRoT 102749568 with asteroseismology
• Asteroseismology of close binary stars
• The Extremely Metal-Poor SN 2023ufx: A Local Analog to High-Redshift Type II Supernovae
• Rotational Variation Allows for Narrow Age Spread in the Extended Main Sequence Turnoff of Massive Cluster NGC 1846
• Compact Objects in close orbits as Gravitational Wave Sources: Formation Scenarios and Properties
• Investigating the Hubble Tension: Effect of Cepheid Calibration
• Rotating massive stars: Pre-SN models and stellar yields at solar metallicity
• The Galactic 26Al Problem and The Close Binary SNIb/c Solution?
• Bringing Stellar Evolution & Feedback Together: Summary of proposals from the Lorentz Center Workshop, 2022
• Effects of the core-collapse supernova ejecta impact on a rapidly rotating massive companion star
• Impact of the physical processes in the modeling of HD49933
• Period Change Rates of Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids using MESA
• Critical Balance and Scaling of Strongly Stratified Turbulence at Low Prandtl Number
• Chemical composition of A--F type post-AGB candidates
• UVMag: stellar formation, evolution, structure and environment with space UV and visible spectropolarimetry
• Magnetic Archaeology of Early-Type Stellar Dynamos
• BH-BH mergers with & without EM counterpart: A model for stable tertiary mass transfer in hierarchical triple systems
• The Massive Stellar Population in the Young Association LH 95 in the LMC
• The formation of the stripped envelope type II b Supernova progenitors: Rotation, Metallicity and Overshooting
• He abundance of Dense Circumstellar Clumps in the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• Building galaxies, stars, planets and the ingredients for life between the stars. A scientific proposal for a European Ultraviolet-Visible Observatory (EUVO)
• Blue luminous stars in nearby galaxies - UIT005: a possible link to the luminous blue variable stage
• The IACOB project XIV. New clues on the location of the TAMS in the massive star domain
• Asteroseismic age constraints on the open cluster NGC 2477 using oscillating stars identified with TESS FFI
• Nucleosynthesis from massive stars 50 years after B2FH
• Numerical Tests of Rotational Mixing in Massive Stars with the new Population Synthesis Code BONNFIRES
• Hot and cool: two emission-line stars with constrasting behaviours in the same XMM-Newton field
• Modeling Magnetically Channeled Winds in 3D: I. Isothermal Simulations of a Magnetic O Supergiant
• MUSE observations of NGC330 in the Small Magellanic Cloud. Helium abundance of bright main sequence stars
• Long Gamma-Ray Bursts and the Morphology of their Host Galaxies
• Rotation profiles of solar-like stars with magnetic fields
• Overshooting in the core helium burning stage of a $30M_{\odot }$ star using the $k$-$\omega$ model
• Pair-Instability Supernovae of Fast Rotating Stars
• Close binary evolution based on Gaia DR2: the origin of late WC-type Wolf-Rayet stars with low luminosity
• Grids of rotating stellar models with masses between 1.0 and 3.0 Msun
• The origins of low-luminosity supernovae: the case of SN 2016bkv
• A Bound on the Light Emitted During the TP-AGB Phase
• The 2D dynamics of radiative zones of low-mass stars
• LAMOST J040643.69+542347.8: the fastest Rotator in the Galaxy
• Revision of Star-Formation Measures
• Hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet stars: Helium stars with envelope-inflation structure and rotation
• Modelling $\delta$ Scuti pulsations: A new grid of p, g, and f modes across pre-main-sequence to post-main-sequence evolution
• Low-metallicity massive single stars with rotation. III. Source of ionization and C-IV emission in I Zw 18
• On over-reflection and generation of Gravito-Alfven waves in solar-type stars
• Asteroseismic Determination of Stellar Rotation: On Synchronization in the Close Eclipsing Binaries AB Cas and OO Dra
• Exploring the Stellar Rotation of Early-type Stars in the LAMOST Medium-resolution Survey. III. Evolution
• Evolution of Massive Stars along the Cosmic History
• Recombination Lines and Free-Free Continua formed in Asymptotic Ionized Winds: Analytic solution for the radiative transfer
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): Projected rotational velocities
• Hα imaging for BeXRBs in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• The Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Emission Line Survey of Andromeda. I: Classical Be Stars
• Effects of chemically homogeneous evolution of the first stars on the 21-cm signal and reionization
• Two New Rapidly-Rotating ON Stars Found With LAMOST
• Neutrino flavour as a test of the explosion mechanism of core-collapse supernovae
• A New Feature in the Spectrum of the Superluminous LMC Supergiant HDE 269896
• Impact of accretion-induced chemically homogeneous evolution on stellar and compact binary populations
• How Rotation Affects Masses and Ages of Classical Cepheids
• PAH Marks the Spot: Digging for Buried Clusters in Nearby Star-forming Galaxies
• Mixing due to internal gravity waves can explain the CNO surface abundances of B-type detached eclipsing binaries and single stars
• At what mass are stars braked? The implication from the turnoff morphology of NGC 6819
• The Environments around W Serpentis Systems: Independent Limits on System Masses and Extended Envelopes
• Chemical evolution of close massive binaries -- tidally-enhanced or tidally-suppressed mixing?
• Evolutionary synthesis models as a tool and guide towards the first galaxies
• Study of a Sample of Faint Be Stars in the Exofield of CoRoT. Part III. Global Spectroscopic Characterization and Astrophysical Parameters of the Central Stars
• Constraining differential rotation in gamma Doradus stars from inertial dips properties
• The K supergiant runaway star HD 137071
• Two-dimensional models of early-type fast rotating stars: new challenges in stellar physics
• Constraining the Rotation Profile in a Low-Luminosity Subgiant with a Surface Rotation Measurement
• Extended Main Sequences in Star Clusters
• Tidal Flows in asynchronous binaries: The beta-factor
• Evolution of progenitor stars of Type Ibc supernovae and long gamma-ray bursts
• Can pulsational instabilities impact a massive star's rotational evolution?
• Toward a Comprehensive Grid of Cepheid Models with MESA. III. Evolutionary and Pulsation Relations for Models with Core and Envelope Overshooting
• Large-scale variability in macroturbulence driven by pulsations in the rapidly rotating massive star Zeta Oph from high-cadence ESPRESSO spectroscopy and TESS photometry
• Modeling rotating stars in two dimensions
• Rotational Dynamics in Pulsational Pair-Instability Supernovae: Implications for Mass-Loss and Transient Events
• Massive star evolution: from the early to the present day Universe
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy reveals a hot and luminous companion to the Be star+black hole candidate MWC 656
• Engulfment of a hot Jupiter as a possible origin of the rapid spin and internal spin misalignment of the planet-hosting red giant Kepler-56
• JWST Detection of Hydrocarbon Ices and Methane Gas on Makemake
• Mixing of CNO-cycled matter in pulsationally and magnetically active massive stars
• A Lagrangian construction of rotating stars
• Testing Evolutionary Models with Red Supergiant and Wolf-Rayet Populations
• 200,000+ Deep Learning-inferred Periods of Stellar Variability from the All-Sky Automated Survey for Supernovae
• The first stars
• Nuclear astrophysics
• Rotating models for evolved low-mass stars
• SILCC -- IX. The multi-phase interstellar medium at low metallicity
• Massive star evolution revealed in the Mass-Luminosity plane
• Formation of black holes from He stars
• 2D dynamics of the radiative core of low mass stars
• Impact of stellar rotation on type II supernova progenitor masses from pre-explosion imaging
• Quantifying Systematic Age Discrepancies in Very Young Star Clusters
• Massive stars evolution: feedbacks in low-Z environment
• The AMBRE Project: Line-broadening and stellar rotation of ESO/FEROS archived spectra
• Toward a Comprehensive Grid of Cepheid Models with MESA. IV. Modest Effects of Rotation on Blue Loops
• Mixing of CNO-cycled matter in massive stars
• Understanding hydrodynamical wave-driven shear mixing in stellar radiation zones. Looking in the mirror of the dyapicnal oceanic mixing
• Binarity at LOw Metallicity (BLOeM): massive star variability revealed using a novel software tool for point-spread function fitting of TESS images