The impact of convective criteria on the properties of massive stars
arXiv:2310.18139 · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202346638
Abstract
We study the differences between models computed with Ledoux and Schwarzschild criteria on the internal structure, evolutionary track in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD), lifetimes, evolution of the surface abundances and velocities, and masses of the He and CO cores. We investigate the consequences on the nature of the supernova (SN) progenitors and the type of SN events, as well as on the yields of light elements. We also study the impact on the outputs of population synthesis models. Models with initial masses between 7 and 120 M at solar metallicity (=0.014) and with an initial rotation equal to 0 or 0.4 times the critical velocity at the zero-age main sequence were computed with either the Schwarzschild or the Ledoux criterion until the end of the C-burning phase. Models with initial masses between 15 and 32 M computed with the Schwarzschild criterion show larger intermediate convective zones attached to the H-burning shell than models computed with the Ledoux criterion. Their CO cores and outer convective zones in the red supergiant (RSG) phase are also smaller. This impacts many outputs of stars during the core He-burning phase. Schwarzschild models have smaller CO cores and outer convective zones in the RSG phase, and their blue-to-red supergiant ratio is much higher than for Ledoux models. They also produce longer crossings of the Hertzsprung gap and favour blue loops. The upper luminosity of RSGs is little affected by the change in the convective criterion. The maximum luminosity of RSG progenitors for type II-P SN events is lowered from 5.2 to 4.95 when the Ledoux criterion is used instead of the Schwarzschild criterion in non-rotating models. The Schwarzschild criterion predicts longer-lasting, less nitrogen-enriched, and faster-rotating Cepheids. Rotational mixing decreases the differences between Schwarzschild and Ledoux models.
arXiv commentAccepted for publication in A&A (17 October 2023); 20 pages, 14 figures
References in corpus (47)
- Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA)
- Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Giant Planets, Oscillations, Rotation, and Massive Stars
- Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Binaries, Pulsations, and Explosions
- Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA): Convective Boundaries, Element Diffusion, and Massive Star Explosions
- Mass-loss predictions for O and B stars as a function of metallicity
- Grids of stellar models with rotation - I. Models from 0.8 to 120 Msun at solar metallicity (Z = 0.014)
- The evolution of rotating stars
- Presupernova evolution and explosive nucleosynthesis of rotating massive stars in the metallicity range -3 <=[Fe/H]<= 0
- Stellar evolution with rotation X: Wolf-Rayet star populations at solar metallicity
- Stellar evolution with rotation VII: Low metallicity models and the blue to red supergiant ratio in the SMC
- A two-parameter criterion for classifying the explodability of massive stars by the neutrino-driven mechanism
- Turbulent Convection in Stellar Interiors. I. Hydrodynamic Simulation
- On the massive stellar population of the Super Star Cluster Westerlund 1
- Grids of stellar models with rotation II. WR populations and supernovae/GRB progenitors at Z = 0.014
- New Period-Luminosity and Period-Color Relations of Classical Cepheids: I. Cepheids in the Galaxy
- Mass loss from late-type WN stars and its Z-dependence: very massive stars approaching the Eddington limit
- A census of the Wolf-Rayet content in Westerlund 1 from near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy
- The Explosion of Helium Stars Evolved With Mass Loss
- Intermediate-mass star models with different helium and metal contents
- Constraining mixing in massive stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
- Populations of rotating stars III. SYCLIST, the new Geneva Population Synthesis code
- Constraining the Axion-Photon Coupling with Massive Stars
- The population of OB supergiants in the starburst cluster Westerlund 1
- Towards a Realistic Explosion Landscape for Binary Population Synthesis
- Idealised hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent oxygen-burning shell convection in 4π geometry
- 3D Hydrodynamic Simulations of Carbon Burning in Massive Stars
- Evolution of blue supergiants and αCygni variables; Puzzling CNO surface abundances
- On the effect of rotation on populations of classical Cepheids I. Predictions at solar metallicity
- Hydrodynamic simulations of He-shell flash convection
- Toward a consistent use of overshooting parametrizations in 1D stellar evolution codes
- Effects of anisotropic winds on massive stars evolution
- Convective core entrainment in 1D main sequence stellar models
- The puzzle of the CNO abundances of α Cygni variables resolved by the Ledoux criterion?
- Grids of stellar models with rotation VII: Models from 0.8 to 300 M at super-solar metallicity (Z = 0.020)
- Convective core sizes in rotating massive stars: I. Constraints from solar metallicity OB field stars
- On the Blue Loops of Intermediate-Mass Stars
- Evolutionary models of red supergiants: Evidence for a metallicity-dependent mixing length and implications for Type IIP supernova progenitors
- The Age of Westerlund 1 Revisited
- Numerical experiments to help understand cause and effect in massive star evolution
- A study of convective core overshooting as a function of stellar mass based on two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations
- Schwarzschild and Ledoux are equivalent on evolutionary timescales
- The magneto-rotational instability in massive stars
- Blue supergiants as tests for stellar physics
- Multidimensional low-Mach number time-implicit hydrodynamic simulations of convective helium shell burning in a massive star
- Key Issues Review: Numerical studies of turbulence in stars
- Elimination of the Blue Loops in the Evolution of Intermediate-mass Stars by the Neutrino Magnetic Moment and Large Extra Dimensions
- The effects of convection criteria on the evolution of population III stars and the detectability of their supernovae
Cited by in corpus (10)
- Pre-supernova evolution and final fate of stellar mergers and accretors of binary mass transfer
- It's written in the massive stars: The role of stellar physics in the formation of black holes
- Rapidly rotating Population III stellar models as a source of primary nitrogen
- Impact of main-sequence mass loss on the appearance, structure and evolution of Wolf-Rayet stars
- The population synthesis of Wolf-Rayet stars involving binary merger channels
- Evolution of stars with 60 and 200 Msun: predictions for WNh stars in the Milky Way
- Stellar evolution through the Red Supergiant phase
- Critical Metallicity of Cool Supergiant Formation. II. Physical Origin
- The effect of near-core mixing on rejuvenation and the asteroseismic properties of massive accretors
- Revisiting the Evolutionary Status of Massive Stars at the central parsec of the Milky Way