The Galactic Center Massive Black Hole and Nuclear Star Cluster

Abstract

The Galactic Center is an excellent laboratory for studying phenomena and physical processes that may be occurring in many other galactic nuclei. The Center of our Milky Way is by far the closest galactic nucleus, and observations with exquisite resolution and sensitivity cover 18 orders of magnitude in energy of electromagnetic radiation. Theoretical simulations have become increasingly more powerful in explaining these measurements. This review summarizes the recent progress in observational and theoretical work on the central parsec, with a strong emphasis on the current empirical evidence for a central massive black hole and on the processes in the surrounding dense nuclear star cluster. We present the current evidence, from the analysis of the orbits of more than two dozen stars and from the measurements of the size and motion of the central compact radio source, Sgr A*, that this radio source must be a massive black hole of about 4.4 \times 1e6 Msun, beyond any reasonable doubt. We report what is known about the structure and evolution of the dense nuclear star cluster surrounding this black hole, including the astounding fact that stars have been forming in the vicinity of Sgr A* recently, apparently with a top-heavy stellar mass function. We discuss a dense concentration of fainter stars centered in the immediate vicinity of the massive black hole, three of which have orbital peri-bothroi of less than one light day. This 'S-star cluster' appears to consist mainly of young early-type stars, in contrast to the predicted properties of an equilibrium 'stellar cusp' around a black hole. This constitutes a remarkable and presently not fully understood 'paradox of youth'. We also summarize what is known about the emission properties of the accreting gas onto Sgr A* and how this emission is beginning to delineate the physical properties in the hot accretion zone around the event horizon.

accepted by Rev.Mod.Phys. Aug 30, 2010

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Cited by in corpus (777)

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• Deep Images of the Galactic Center with GRAVITY
• The Second Galactic Center Black Hole?; A Possible Detection of Ionized Gas Orbiting around an IMBH embedded in the Galactic Center IRS13E complex
• Galactic Bulge Population II Cepheids in the VVV Survey: Period-Luminosity Relations and a Distance to the Galactic Center
• Search for gamma-ray emission from $p$-wave dark matter annihilation in the Galactic Center
• X-ray polarization evidence for a 200 years-old flare of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• On Socially Distant Neighbors: Using Binaries to Constrain the Density of Objects in the Galactic Center
• H3+ Spectroscopy and the Ionization Rate of Molecular Hydrogen in the Central Few Parsecs of the Galaxy
• Blocking low-eccentricity EMRIs: A statistical direct-summation N-body study of the Schwarzschild barrier
• An Inverse Compton Scattering Origin of X-ray Flares from Sgr A*
• A Critical Reevaluation of Radio Constraints on Annihilating Dark Matter
• Probing the Interstellar Dust towards the Galactic Centre: Dust Scattering Halo around AX J1745.6-2901
• Clump formation through colliding stellar winds in the Galactic Centre
• A Consistent Set of Empirical Scaling Relations for Spiral Galaxies: The $(v_{\max },M_{\mathrm{DM}})$-$({\sigma }_0,M_{\mathrm{BH}},\varphi )$ Relations
• Estimating the Parameters of Extended Gravity Theories with the Schwarzschild Precession of S2 Star
• Observations of Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the G2 object with MAGIC
• The radio emission from Active Galactic Nuclei
• On the origin of the B-stars in the Galactic center
• Time Delay between Relativistic Images as a probe of Cosmic Censorship
• Spin and mass of the nearest supermassive black hole
• The role of feedback in accretion on Low Luminosity AGN: Sgr A* case study
• Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity in Quiescent Regime
• Near-Infrared Variability Study of the Central 2.3 arcmin x 2.3 arcmin of the Galactic Centre II. Identification of RR Lyrae Stars in the Milky Way Nuclear Star Cluster
• The Galactic Center: Improved Relative Astrometry for Velocities, Accelerations, and Orbits near the Supermassive Black Hole
• Molecular Gas Feeding the Circumnuclear Disk of the Galactic Center
• The proper motion of Palomar 5
• Strong gravitational lensing for black hole with scalar charge in massive gravity
• Statistical mechanics of self-gravitating systems in general relativity: I. The quantum Fermi gas
• Strong gravitational lensing in a rotating Kaluza-Klein black hole with squashed horizons
• The morphology and kinematics of the gaseous circumgalactic medium of Milky Way mass galaxies -- II. comparison of IllustrisTNG and Illustris simulation results
• Expectations for extreme-mass-ratio bursts from the Galactic Centre
• Accelerated orbital decay of supermassive black hole binaries in merging nuclear star clusters
• Coronal radiation of a cusp of spun-up stars and the X-ray luminosity of Sgr A*
• Constraints on Yukawa gravity parameters from observations of bright stars
• The Galactic Center as a laboratory for theories of gravity and dark matter
• A magnetohydrodynamic model for multi-wavelength flares from Sagittarius~A${}^{\star }$ (I): model and the near-infrared and X-ray flares
• Vector Resonant Relaxation of Stars around a Massive Black Hole
• Multiwavelength study of the flaring activity of Sgr A* in 2014 February-April
• The Effect of Stars on the Dark Matter Spike Around a Black Hole: A Tale of Two Treatments
• Sagittarius A* High Energy X-ray Flare Properties During NuSTAR Monitoring of the Galactic Center from 2012 to 2015
• 3D simulations of clump formation in stellar wind collisions
• Monitoring dusty sources in the vicinity of Sgr A*
• 3+1 geodesic equation and images in numerical spacetimes
• An artificial neural network to discover Hypervelocity stars: Candidates in Gaia DR1/TGAS
• The Galactic centre mini-spiral in the mm-regime
• Gamma-ray observations of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei
• Stellar collisions in flattened and rotating Pop. III star clusters
• Testing the nature of the supermassive black hole candidate in SgrA* with light curves and images of hot spots
• Asymmetric structure in Sgr A* at 3mm from closure phase measurements with VLBA, GBT and LMT
• The inner cavity of the circumnuclear disc
• Massive binary star mergers in galactic nuclei: implications for blue stragglers, binary S-stars and gravitational waves
• Dwarf AGNs from Variability for the Origins of Seeds (DAVOS): Intermediate-mass black hole demographics from optical synoptic surveys
• The nuclear star cluster and nuclear stellar disc of the Milky Way: Different stellar population and star formation history
• Active Galactic Nuclei: Boon or Bane for Biota?
• Time Variations in the Flux Density of Sgr A* at 230 GHz Detected with ALMA
• On measuring the Galactic dark matter halo with hypervelocity stars
• 2D kinematics of massive stars near the Galactic Center
• A KMOS survey of the nuclear disk of the Milky Way I: Survey design and metallicities
• Is there an intermediate massive black hole in the Galactic center: Imprints on the stellar tidal-disruption rate
• Modelling the thermal X-ray emission around the Galactic Centre from colliding Wolf-Rayet winds
• Ionized Gas in the Galactic Center: New Observations and Interpretation
• Global instability by runaway collisions in nuclear stellar clusters: Numerical tests of a route for massive black hole formation
• Nature of the Galactic centre NIR-excess sources. I. What can we learn from the continuum observations of the DSO/G2 source?
• The Cosmic Ray Population of the Galactic Central Molecular Zone
• Extreme-mass-ratio burst detection with TianQin
• Effects of Homogeneous Plasma on Strong Gravitational Lensing of Kerr Black Holes
• HST Observations of the Stellar Distribution Near Sgr A*
• The intrinsic structure of Sagittarius A* at 1.3 cm and 7 mm
• A Possible Model for the Long-Term Flares of Sgr A*
• Probing the formation history of the nuclear star cluster at the Galactic Centre with millisecond pulsars
• The centres of M83 and the Milky Way: opposite extremes of a common star formation cycle
• Strong gravitational lensing in a spacetime with topological charge within the Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld gravity
• Can Star-Disk Collisions Explain the Missing Red Giants Problem in the Galactic Center?
• The Galactic LMXB Population and the Galactic Centre Region
• Second Scale Submillimeter Variability of Sagittarius A* during flaring activity of 2019: On the Origin of Bright Near Infrared Flares
• Magnetically Arrested Disks in Quiescent Black-Hole Binaries: Formation Scenario, Observable Signatures, and Potential PeVatrons
• Constraining ultralight bosonic dark matter with Keck observations of S2's orbit and kinematics
• A magnetized torus for modeling Sgr A* millimeter images and spectra
• Neutrinos and γ-rays from the Galactic Center Region After H.E.S.S. Multi-TeV Measurements
• Accumulated Tidal Heating of Stars Over Multiple Pericenter Passages Near SgrA*
• Capture of non-relativistic particles in eccentric orbits by a Kerr black hole
• Magnetized accretion disks around Kerr black holes with scalar hair - I. Constant angular momentum disks
• A novel black-hole mass scaling relation based on coronal gas, and its dependence with the accretion disc
• On the Newtonian and Spin-induced Perturbations felt by the Stars Orbiting around the Massive Black Hole in the Galactic Center
• An analysis of HCN observations of the Circumnuclear Disk at the galactic centre
• Density waves in debris discs and galactic nuclei
• Sixteen years of X-ray monitoring of Sagittarius A*: Evidence for a decay of the faint flaring rate from 2013 August, 13 months before a rise in the bright flaring rate
• Depletion of bright red giants in the Galactic center during its active phases
• Precessing and periodic timelike orbits and their potential applications in Einsteinian cubic gravity
• Stochastic Noncircular Motion and Outflows Driven by Magnetic Activity in the Galactic Bulge Region
• Star Formation and Dynamics in the Galactic Centre
• Modelling Accretion Disk and Stellar Wind Interactions: the Case of Sgr A*
• A Scaling Relation Between Megamaser Disk Radius and Black Hole Mass in Active Galactic Nuclei
• Periodic orbits and gravitational wave radiation in short hair black hole spacetimes for an extreme mass ratio system
• Constraints on the Galactic Centre environment from Gaia hypervelocity stars
• Properties of bow-shock sources at the Galactic center
• Caloric curves of self-gravitating fermions in general relativity
• Timelike bound orbits and pericenter precession around black hole with conformally coupled scalar hair
• A magnetic reconnection model for quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole systems
• A "coronal-mass-ejection'' model for flares in Sagittarius A*
• Searching for pulsars in the Galactic Centre at 3 and 2 mm
• Extreme mass ratio inspirals into black holes surrounded by matter
• An analytic toy model for relativistic accretion in Kerr spacetime
• Colliding Winds in and around the Stellar Group IRS 13E at the Galactic Center
• Threshold of Primordial Black Hole Formation against Velocity Dispersion in Matter-Dominated Era
• Star formation at the Galactic Centre: coevolution of multiple young stellar discs
• Study of the X-ray activity of Sgr A* during the 2011 XMM-Newton campaign
• Testing Chern-Simons gravity with black holes?
• The influence of the secular perturbation of an intermediate-mass companion: I. Eccentricity excitation of disk stars at the Galactic center
• A population of compact radio variables and transients in the radio bright zone at the Galactic center observed with the Jansky Very Large Array
• Dynamics of Intermediate-Mass Black Holes Wandering in the Milky Way Galaxy Using the Illustris TNG50 Simulation
• Predictive model of fermionic dark matter halos with a quantum core and an isothermal atmosphere
• The Magnetic Field in the central parsec of the Galaxy
• Far Infrared Variability of Sagittarius A*: 25.5 Hours of Monitoring with $Herschel$
• Dust within the old nuclear star cluster in the Milky Way
• Simultaneous Monitoring of X-ray and Radio Variability in Sagittarius A*
• A Black Hole Mass-Variability Time Scale Correlation at Submillimeter Wavelengths
• Understanding AGB evolution in Galactic bulge stars from high-resolution infrared spectroscopy
• Flares and variability from Sagittarius A*: five nights of simultaneous multi-wavelength observations
• A Leptonic Model of Steady High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission from Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• Gravitational lensing of charged Ayon-Beato-Garcia black holes and non-linear effects of Maxwell fields
• Signatures of Young Star Formation Activity Within Two Parsecs of Sgr A*
• The gravitational capture of compact objects by massive black holes
• Testing the Galactic Centre potential with S-stars
• Strong gravitational lensing by a Konoplya-Zhidenko rotating non-Kerr compact object
• Effect of an isotropic outflow from the Galactic centre on the bow-shock evolution along the orbit
• Universal transition diagram from dormant to actively accreting supermassive black holes
• Flares and their echoes can help distinguish photon rings from black holes with space-Earth very long baseline interferometry
• Structural Analogs of the Milky Way Galaxy: Stellar Populations in the Boxy Bulges of NGC 4565 and NGC 5746
• The short-period S-stars S4711, S62, S4714 and the Lense-Thirring effect due to the spin of Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• Testing Horndeski gravity with S2 star orbit
• Gravitational radiation driven capture in unequal mass black hole encounters
• Stellar dynamics and tidal disruption events in galactic nuclei
• Formation of episodic jets and associated flares from black hole accretion systems
• The first IRAM/PdBI polarimetric millimeter survey of active galactic nuclei. II. Activity and properties of individual sources
• No asymmetric outflows from Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the gas cloud G2
• A Supernova-driven, Magnetically-collimated Outflow as the Origin of the Galactic Center Radio Bubbles
• Kinetic temperatures toward X1/X2 orbit interceptions regions and Giant Molecular Loops in the Galactic center region
• Leptonic origin of the 100 MeV gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Centre
• General relativistic effects and the near-infrared and X-ray variability of Sgr A* I
• A new bow-shock source with bipolar morphology in the vicinity of Sgr A*
• ALMA and VLA observations of emission from the environment of Sgr A*
• No sign of G2's encounter affecting Sgr A*'s X-ray flaring rate from $Chandra$ observations
• Near-infrared spectroscopic observations of massive young stellar object candidates in the Central Molecular Zone
• First results from a large-scale proper motion study of the Galactic Centre
• Narrowing the allowed mass range of ultralight bosons with the S2 star
• Rotating Ionized Gas Ring around the Galactic Center IRS13E3
• Constraining the accretion flow density profile near Sgr A* using the $L^{\prime }$-band emission of the S2 star
• Topologically Charged Holonomy corrected Schwarzschild black hole lensing
• Imaging black holes: past, present and future
• Effect of the initial mass function on the dynamical SMBH mass estimate in the nucleated early-type galaxy FCC 47
• Dark Matter Line Searches with the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Multi-wavelength Variability of Sagittarius A* in July 2019
• Overlapping inflows as catalysts of AGN activity - II: Relative importance of turbulence and inflow-disc interaction
• Influence of bulk mass distribution on orbital precession of S2 star in Yukawa gravity
• Dark Matter Inelastic Up-Scattering with the Interstellar Plasma: An Exciting New Source of X-Ray Lines, including at 3.5 keV
• Probing spacetime around Sagittarius A* using modeled VLBI closure phases
• Seeing Black Holes : from the Computer to the Telescope
• Comparing hypervelocity star populations from the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way
• Constraints on the Galactic Centre environment from \textit{Gaia} hypervelocity stars III: Insights on a possible companion to Sgr A*
• Close stellar encounters at the Galactic Centre I: The effect on the observed stellar populations
• Counter-rotating stellar discs around a massive black hole: self-consistent, time-dependent dynamics
• Introduction to multi-messenger astronomy
• Sgr A* and its Environment: Low Mass Star Formation, the Origin of X-ray Gas and Collimated Outflow
• Shock Breakouts from Tidal Disruption Events
• Principles of Gravitational-Wave Detection with Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Stellar Dynamics around a Massive Black Hole I: Secular Collisionless Theory
• Relaxation near supermassive black holes driven by nuclear spiral arms: anisotropic hypervelocity stars, S-stars and tidal disruption events
• Multiple accretion events as a trigger for Sgr A* activity
• LLAMA: Nuclear stellar properties of Swift BAT AGN and matched inactive galaxies
• A numerical study of stellar discs in galactic nuclei
• PHANGS-JWST First Results: A combined HST and JWST analysis of the nuclear star cluster in NGC 628
• Estimating the parameters of Hybrid Palatini gravity model with the Schwarzschild precession of S2, S38 and S55 stars: case of bulk mass distribution
• Asymmetric Dark Matter Imprint on Low-mass Main-sequence Stars in the Milky Way Nuclear Star Cluster
• High-speed molecular cloudlets around the Galactic Center supermassive black hole
• Geodesics, accretion disk, gravitational lensing, time delay, and effects on neutrinos induced by a non-commutative black hole
• Multi-epoch searches for relativistic binary pulsars and fast transients in the Galactic Centre
• Constraints on the Galactic Centre environment from Gaia hypervelocity stars II: The evolved population
• Antisymmetric tensor influence on charged black hole lensing phenomena and time delay
• Fermi LAT observations of Sagittarius A*: Imaging Analysis
• The Inner 2 pc of Sagittarius A*: Simulations of the Circumnuclear Disk and Multiphase Gas Accretion in the Galactic Center
• Misaligned jets from Sgr A${}^{\ast }$ and the origin of Fermi/eROSITA bubbles
• First observed interaction of the circumstellar envelope of an S-star with the environment of Sgr A*
• The Gamma-ray Afterglows of Tidal Disruption Events
• The S2 star as a probe of the accretion disk of Sgr A*
• Efficiency of black hole formation via collisions in stellar systems: An analysis of data from simulations and observations
• Impact of Accretion Flow Dynamics on Gas-dynamical Black Hole Mass Estimates
• The Swansong of the Galactic Center Source X7: An Extreme Example of Tidal Evolution near the Supermassive Black Hole
• A general relativistic mass-to-distance ratio for a set of megamaser AGN black holes
• Analytic solutions to the accretion of a rotating finite cloud towards a central object - II. Schwarzschild spacetime
• Random Forest Classification of Stars in the Galactic Centre
• The Role of Nuclear Star Clusters in Enhancing Supermassive Black Hole Feeding Rates During Galaxy Mergers
• Optimal Celestial Bodies for Dark Matter Detection
• Analytical and numerical studies of central galactic outflows powered by tidal disruption events -- a model for the Fermi bubbles?
• Magnetized accretion disks around Kerr black holes with scalar hair -- Nonconstant angular momentum disks
• The evolution of circumstellar discs in the Galactic Centre: an application to the G-clouds
• Discovery of a Flat-Spectrum Radio Nucleus in NGC 3115
• Light deflection and gravitational lensing effects inspired by loop quantum gravity
• Strong Gravitational Lensing of Quasi-Kerr Compact Object with Arbitrary Quadrupole Moments
• Making SPIFFI SPIFFIER: Upgrade of the SPIFFI instrument for use in ERIS and performance analysis from re-commissioning
• The fate of supernova remnants near quiescent supermassive black holes
• Continuation of the X-ray monitoring of Sgr A*: the increase in bright flaring rate confirmed
• An order-disorder phase transition in black-hole star clusters
• Evolution of rotating massive stars with new hydrodynamic wind models
• Probing the Spins of Supermassive Black Holes with Gravitational Waves from Surrounding Compact Binaries
• Geometric Aspects and Testing of the Galactic Center Distance Determination from Spiral Arm Segments
• Orbital alignment and mass segregation in galactic nuclei via vector resonant relaxation
• Position and Proper Motion of Sagittarius A* in the ICRF3 Frame from VLBI Absolute Astrometry
• Deviation of Stellar Orbits from Test Particle Trajectories Around Sgr A* Due to Tides and Winds
• On Detecting Nearby Nano-Hertz Gravitational Wave Sources via Pulsar Timing Arrays
• Very extreme mass-ratio bursts in the Galaxy and neighbouring galaxies in relation to space-borne detectors
• Radiative shock oscillation model for the long-term flares of Sgr A*
• A general relativistic estimation of the black hole mass-to-distance ratio at the core of TXS 2226-184
• Massive White Dwarfs in the Galactic Center: A Chandra X-ray Spectroscopy of Cataclysmic Variables
• The Structural Evolution of Isolated Galaxies at Low Redshift in the IllustrisTNG Simulation
• On the link between nuclear star cluster and globular cluster system mass, nucleation fraction and environment
• Testing the Black Hole No-hair Theorem with Galactic Center Stellar Orbits
• Effects of turbulence in the Circumnuclear Disk
• Mid-infrared extinction and fresh silicate dust towards the Galactic Center
• Multi-phase environment of compact galactic nuclei: the role of the Nuclear Star Cluster
• Energies and angular momenta of periodic Schwarzschild geodesics
• Distance to the Brick cloud using stellar kinematics
• Modeling the gamma-ray emission in the Galactic Center with a fading cosmic-ray accelerator
• Faint Dark Matter Annihilation Signals and the Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole
• Stability of Gas Clouds in Galactic Nuclei: An Extended Virial Theorem
• The Discovery of Radio Stars within 10 arcseconds of Sgr A* at 7mm
• Making Bright Giants Invisible At The Galactic Centre
• Dynamics and Emission Properties of Flux Ropes from Two-Temperature GRMHD Simulations with Multiple Magnetic Loops
• Parameter study for hot spot trajectories around Sgr$A\ast$
• Methods for multiple telescope beam imaging and guiding in the near infrared
• Multi-wavelength torus-jet model for Sgr~A*
• Galactic center gamma-ray production by cosmic rays from stellar winds and Sgr A East
• IRTF/TEXES Observations of the HII Regions H1 and H2 in the Galactic Centre
• Intermediate mass black holes' effect on compact object binaries
• Getting More Out of Black Hole Superradiance: a Statistically Rigorous Approach to Ultralight Boson Constraints from Black Hole Spin Measurements
• Periapsis shifts in dark matter distribution with a dense core
• Fermi Bubbles and Bubble-like emission from the Galactic Plane
• Optical properties of a Brane-World black hole as photons couple to the Weyl tensor
• Mind the gap: The discrepancy between simulation and reality drives interpretations of the Galactic Center Excess
• Order-disorder phase transition in black-hole star clusters. II. A scale-free cluster
• Orbital and Radiative Properties of Wandering Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in the ASTRID Simulation
• The absolute proper motions of the Arches and Quintuplet clusters
• 2D kinematic study of the central region of NGC 4501
• On the 2PN pericentre precession in the general theory of relativity and the recently discovered fast orbiting S-stars in Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• The SUPERCOLD-CGM survey: \\ I. Probing the extended CO(4-3) Emission of the Circumglactic medium in a sample of 10 Enormous Ly$\alpha$ Nebulae at $z\sim 2$
• On the detection of CO and mass loss of Bulge OH/IR stars
• Unrecognized Astrometric Confusion in the Galactic Centre
• Milky Way globular clusters on cosmological timescales. II. Interaction with the Galactic centre
• X3: a high-mass Young Stellar Object close to the supermassive black hole Sgr~A*
• Stellar winds near massive black holes: The case of the S-stars
• A Swift study of long-term changes in the X-ray flaring properties of Sagittarius A*
• Relativistic effects in orbital motion of the S-stars at the Galactic Center
• Destruction of wide binary stars in low mass elliptical galaxies: implications for initial mass function estimates
• Black Hole Discs and Spheres in Galactic Nuclei -- Exploring the Landscape of Vector Resonant Relaxation Equilibria
• Confronting the jet model of Sgr A* with the Faraday rotation measure observations
• The radial supernova remnant distribution in the Galaxy
• Galactic black hole immersed in a dark halo with its surrounding thin accretion disk
• La Freccia Rossa: An IR-dark cloud hosting the Milky Way intermediate-mass black hole candidate
• The VIRUS-P Exploration of Nearby Galaxies (VENGA): Radial Gas Inflow and Shock Excitation in NGC 1042
• Spectroastrometry of rotating gas disks for the detection of supermassive black holes in galactic nuclei. III. CRIRES observations of the Circinus galaxy
• Photometric Classification of Stars Around the Milky Way's Central Black Hole: I. Central Parsec
• Rapid Growth of Galactic Supermassive Black Holes through Accreting Giant Molecular Clouds during Major Mergers of their Host Galaxies
• The Influence of Disk Composition on the Evolution of Stars in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei
• Listening for Dark Photon Radio from the Galactic Centre
• GCIRS 7, a pulsating M1 supergiant at the Galactic centre. Physical properties and age
• A Generalised Bondi Accretion Model for the Galactic Centre
• A new asymptotical flat and spherically symmetric solution in the generalized Einstein-Cartan-Kibble-Sciama gravity and gravitational lensing
• Second-order gravitational self-force in a highly regular gauge: Covariant and coordinate punctures
• The Nuclear Filaments inside the Circumnuclear Disk in the Central 0.5 pc of the Galactic center
• Three-dimensional analysis of the Minispiral at the Galactic Center: orbital parameters, periods and the mass of the black hole
• How far actually is the Galactic Center IRS 13E3 from Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$?
• Probing the shape of the Milky Way dark matter halo with hypervelocity stars: a new method
• Mid-Infrared studies of dusty sources in the Galactic Center
• Can a Satellite Galaxy Merger Explain the Active Past of the Galactic Center?
• The X-ray footprint of the CircumNuclear Disk
• Accretion onto supermassive and intermediate mass black holes in cosmological simulations
• Unscreening of f(R) gravity near the galactic center black hole: Testability through pericenter shift below S0-2's orbit
• Stellar transits in active galactic nuclei
• Evolution of eccentric stellar disks around supermassive black holes: the complex disk disruption dynamics and the milliparsec stars
• Lobe Overflow as the Likely Cause of Pericenter Outburst in an SMBH Orbiter
• Binary Natal Kicks in the Galactic Center: X-ray Binaries, Hypervelocity Stars, and Gravitational Waves
• Premerger localization of intermediate mass binary black holes with LISA and prospects of joint observations with Athena and LSST
• Nonthermal filaments from the tidal destruction of clouds in the Galactic center
• Assessing indirect methods to determine black hole masses using NGC 4151
• Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of Quasars at z~3 and Estimates of Their Supermassive Black Hole Masses
• The formation and stability of a cold disc made out of stellar winds in the Galactic Centre
• Tidal effects in the motion of gas clouds around boson stars
• Detecting Stars at the Galactic Centre via Synchrotron Emission
• Digging process in NGC 6951: the molecular disc bumped by the jet
• Strong gravitational lensing of rotating regular black holes in non-minimally coupled Einstein-Yang-Mills theory
• Electromagnetic signatures of strong-field gravity from accreting black holes
• Young stellar cluster dilution near supermassive black holes: the impact of Vector Resonant Relaxation on neighbour separation
• Impact of an Active Sgr A* on the Synthesis of Water and Organic Molecules Throughout the Milky Way
• A common origin for the circumnuclear disc and the nearby molecular clouds in the Galactic Centre
• Future prospects for measuring 1PPN parameters using observations of S2 and S62 at the Galactic Center
• Extreme Tidal Stripping May Explain the Overmassive Black Hole in Leo I: a Proof of Concept
• Differential Interferometric Signatures of Close Binaries of Supermassive Black Holes in Active Galactic Nuclei: II. Merged Broad Line Regions
• Chandra X-ray Measurement of Gas-phase Heavy Element Abundances in the Central Parsec of the Galaxy
• Magnetic Activity in the Galactic Centre Region -- Fast Downflows along Rising Magnetic Loops
• Our Supermassive Black Hole Rivaled the Sun in the Ancient X-ray Sky
• Black holes at cosmic dawn in the redshifted 21cm signal of HI
• Feeding of active galactic nuclei by dynamical perturbations
• Measuring the Direction and Angular Velocity of a Black Hole Accretion Disk via Lagged Interferometric Covariance
• Growing a nuclear star cluster from star formation and cluster mergers: The JWST NIRSpec view of NGC 4654
• Probing modified Newtonian dynamics with hypervelocity stars
• Very Large Array multi-band monitoring observations of M 31*
• A hot bubble at the centre of M81
• Is it possible to measure the Lense-Thirring orbital shifts of the short-period S-star S4716 orbiting Sgr A${}^{\ast }$?
• Imaging fermionic dark matter cores at the center of galaxies
• X-ray observations of the hot phase in Sgr~A*
• The LLAGN in the centre of the Galaxy
• Sculpting the Stellar Cusp in the Galactic Center
• Improving Black Hole Accretion Treatment in Hydrodynamical Simulations
• Tidal disruption near black holes and their mimickers
• Magnetic neutral points and electric lines of force in strong gravity of a rotating black hole
• Influence of flow thickness on general relativistic low angular momentum accretion around spinning black holes
• S0-2 star, G1- and G2-objects and flaring activity of the Milky Way's Galactic Center black hole in 2019
• Beyond Traditional Diagnostics: Identifying Active Galactic Nuclei with Spectral Energy Distribution Fitting in DESI Data
• Direct detection of Black Holes via electromagnetic radiation
• Probing the formation of planetesimals in the Galactic Centre using Sgr A* flares
• Astrophysics with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
• ALMA Astrometry of the Objects within 0.5 pc of Sagittarius A${}^{\ast }$
• Prospects for probing small-scale dark matter models with pulsars around Sagittarius A*
• Possible evidence from the flaring activity of Sgr A* for a star at a distance of ~3.3 Schwarzscild radii from the blackhole
• Effect of matter geometry on low angular momentum black hole accretion in the Kerr metric
• Time delays between radio and X-ray and between narrow radio bands of Sgr A* flares in the shock oscillation model
• Accretion of clumpy cold gas onto massive black holes binaries: the challenging formation of extended circumbinary structures
• AGN mass estimates in large spectroscopic surveys: the effect of host galaxy light
• Alignment and Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains in the Galactic Centre Revealed by Polarized Dust Emission
• Modeling the Galactic center gamma-ray emission with more realistic cosmic-ray dynamics
• WISE2MBH: A scaling-based algorithm for probing supermassive black hole masses through WISE catalogues
• New Evidence for a Flux-independent Spectral Index of Sgr A* in the Near-infrared
• Metallicity field and selection effects in spatial distribution of the Galactic globular cluster system
• A link between feedback outflows and satellite galaxy suppression
• Double progenitor origin of the S-star cluster
• Red giant - jet collisions in galactic nuclei I: 3D hydrodynamical model of a few stellar orbits
• Measuring the Spin of the Galactic Center Supermassive Black Hole with Two Pulsars
• Linear analysis of the gravitational beam-plasma instability
• The former companion of the hyper-velocity star S5-HVS1
• Impact of intrinsic polarisation of Sgr A* historical flares on (polarisation) properties of their X-ray echoes
• Black Hole Scaling Relations in the Dwarf-galaxy Regime with $Gaia$-Sausage/Enceladus and $\omega$Centauri
• Accretion discs onto supermassive compact objects: a portal to dark matter physics in active galaxies
• Probing the formation of the seeds of supermassive black holes with gravitational waves
• Simulating the pericentre passage of the Galactic centre star S2
• A stellar fly-by close to the Galactic centre: Can we detect stars on highly-relativistic orbits?
• Monitoring the Size and Flux Density of Sgr A* during the Active State in 2019 with East Asian VLBI Network
• Hydrodynamic Evolution of Sgr A East: The Imprint of A Supernova Remnant in the Galactic Center
• 3D AMR hydrosimulations of a compact source scenario for the Galactic Centre cloud G2
• The nuclear environment of NGC 2442: a Compton-thick low-luminosity AGN
• The contribution of young core-collapse supernova remnants to the X-ray emission near quiescent supermassive black holes
• Feedback between Sgr A and B : AGN-Starburst Connection in the Galactic Centre
• Identification of a high-velocity compact nebular filament 2.2 arcsec south of the Galactic Centre
• Towards a multi-scale understanding of the gas-star formation cycle in the Central Molecular Zone
• Possibility of Measuring spin precession of the nearest supermassive black hole by S stars
• A Pacemaker with P=2.48 hour Modulated the Generator of Flares in the X-ray Light Curve of Sgr A* in the year 2012
• A follow-up on intermediate-mass black hole candidates in the second LIGO-Virgo observing run with the Bayes Coherence Ratio
• The Galactic Center compared with nuclei of nearby galaxies
• Toward relativistic inspirals into black holes surrounded by matter
• Effect of generic dark matter halo on transonic accretion onto galactic black holes
• Sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array to a dark matter signal from the Galactic centre
• Galaxy dynamics tracing quantum cosmology beyond $\Lambda$CDM below the de Sitter scale of acceleration
• Selected Chapters on Active Galactic Nuclei as Relativistic Systems
• PyGRO: a Python Integrator for General Relativistic Orbits
• Thermomagnetic Ettingshausen-Nernst effect in tachocline and axion mechanism of solar luminosity variations
• Dark matter heating of gas accreting onto Sgr A${}^{\ast }$
• The Lense-Thirring effect at work in M87${}^{\ast }$
• Parametric-resonance based phenomenology of gravitating axion configurations
• Rotation Curve of the Milky Way and the Dark Matter Density
• Exotic orbits due to spin-spin coupling around Kerr black holes
• The secular evolution of a uniform density star cluster immersed in a compressible galactic tidal field
• Detecting hot stars in the Galactic centre with combined near- and mid-infrared photometry
• Investigating non-Keplerian motion in flare events with astrometric data
• Charge separation instability in an unmagnetized disk plasma around a Kerr black hole
• H$\beta$ line shape and radius-luminosity relation in 2.5D FRADO
• Regularized 3D spectroscopy with CubeFit: method and application to the Galactic Center Circumnuclear disk
• Relativistic encounters in dense stellar systems
• Intermediate Mass Black Holes: A brief review
• Probing a Lorentz-violating parameter from orbital precession of the S2 star around the galactic centre supermassive black hole
• MOLsphere and pulsations of the Galactic Center's red supergiant GCIRS 7 from VLTI/GRAVITY
• A proof-of-concept neural network for inferring parameters of a black hole from partial interferometric images of its shadow
• Galactic Center Minispiral: Interaction Modes of Neutron Stars
• High-velocity hot CO emission close to Sgr A*: Herschel/HIFI submillimeter spectral survey toward Sgr A*
• Mini-spiral as source of material for Sgr A* in bright state
• Do Black Holes Exist in a Finite Universe Having the Topology of a Flat 3-Torus?
• Chandra X-ray Measurement of Heavy Element Abundances of Wolf-Rayet Stars in the Galactic Center
• The JWST-NIRCam View of Sagittarius C. III. The Extinction Curve
• Observations of the 86 GHz SiO maser sources in the Central Parsec of the Galactic Centre
• Constraining cosmic-ray acceleration in the magnetospheric gaps of Sgr A*
• Search for the Galactic accelerators of Cosmic-Rays up to the Knee with the Pevatron Test Statistic
• Accelerations of stars in central 2-7 arcsec from Sgr A*
• Astrophysical black holes
• Stellar rotation as a new observable to test general relativity in the Galactic Center
• Short and long term evolution of a stellar disk around a massive black hole: The role of binaries, the cusp and stellar evolution
• Iron K-alpha echoes from the circumnuclear disk orbiting Sgr A*
• The Accretion Mode in Sub-Eddington Supermassive Black Holes: Getting into the Central Parsecs of Andromeda
• Post-Newtonian orbital effects induced by the mass quadrupole and spin octupole moments of an axisymmetric body
• Demonstration of a broadband-RF VLBI system at 16 Gbps data rate per station
• Numerical Simulations of the Dark Universe: State of the Art and the Next Decade
• 3D Kinematics of Stellar SiO Masers in the Galactic Center
• Testing black hole space-times with the S2 star orbit: a Bayesian comparison
• On the Missing Red Giants near the Galactic Center
• Detectability of dark matter density distribution via gravitational waves from binary black holes in the Galactic center
• Coronal heating problem solution by means of axion origin photons
• Constraints on the Scale Parameter of Regular Black Hole in Asymptotically Safe Gravity from Extreme Mass Ratio Inspirals
• Radiation interference from sources rotating around Schwarzschild black holes
• Axion mechanism of Sun luminosity: light shining through the solar radiation zone
• A proposal for enhancing technosignature search toward the Galactic center
• Constraints on a fifth force from the stellar orbits around the central supermassive black hole of the Milky Way
• Compact stellar systems hosting an intermediate mass black hole: magnetohydrodynamic study of inflow-outflow dynamics
• Environment of SDSS quasars at $z=0.4$$-$$1.0$ explored by Subaru HSC
• The impact of classical and General Relativistic obliquity precessions on the habitability of circumstellar neutron stars' planets
• Gravitational collapse of spherical shells of fluid in the isotropic homogeneous universe
• Pulsar Timing Constraints on Cumulative and Individual Mass of Stars in the Galactic Center
• On double-black hole solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory in five dimensions
• The Axial Zone of Avoidance in the Globular Cluster System and the Distance to the Galactic Center
• Flares from Galactic centre pulsars: a new class of X-ray transients?
• Detecting Black Hole Occultations by Stars with Space Interferometric Telescopes
• Deformation of the Galactic Centre stellar cusp due to the gravity of a growing gas disc
• The Near-Infrared Spectrum of the Nuclear Star Cluster: Looking Below the Tip of the Iceberg and Comparisons with Extragalactic Nuclei
• Gas Inflow and Star Formation near Supermassive Black Holes: The Role of Nuclear Activity
• Supernovae in massive binaries and compact object mergers near supermassive black holes
• Discovery of a Dense Association of Stars in the Vicinity of the Supermassive Black Hole Sgr A*
• G2 and Sgr A*: A Cosmic Fizzle At The Galactic Center
• Post-Keplerian perturbations of the hyperbolic motion in the field of a rotating massive object. Analysis in terms of osculating and nonosculating (contact) elements
• Sources and Radiations of the Fermi Bubbles
• The Nuclear Cluster of the Milky Way: Total Mass and Luminosity
• The dynamics of S-stars and G-sources orbiting a supermassive compact object made of fermionic dark matter
• Mapping dark matter in the Milky Way, a synopsis
• The Milky Way's nuclear star cluster and massive black hole
• Radio Emission from Sgr A*: Pulsar Transits Through the Accretion Disc
• High Resolution Imaging of the Magnetic Field in the central parsec of the Galaxy
• Constraining Scalar-Tensor gravity models by S2 star orbits around the Galactic Center
• The 3 Ms Chandra Campaign on Sgr A*: A Census of X-ray Flaring Activity from the Galactic Center
• Rethinking Habitability using Biogenic Precursors: Formaldehyde in Millimeter Molecular Clouds of the Inner Galaxy
• Photometric Constraints on Intermediate-mass Black Holes in the Galactic Centre
• M31 nucleus: molecular and ionised gas content upper limits
• Age and metallicity of the Milky Way's nuclear star cluster studied at 3 pc from Sagittarius A*
• Light propagation and quasinormal modes of a topologically charged Schwarzschild-Klinkhamer wormhole
• Roche limit and stellar disruption in the Simpson--Visser spacetime
• CSST Slitless Spectra: Target Detection and Classification with YOLO
• A Near-Infrared Extinction and Reddening Map Towards the Galactic Bulge Using UKIRT
• Satellite Infall and Mass Deposition on the Galactic Centre
• The Discovery of an Active Wind from the Milky Way's Black Hole
• Resonant Dynamical Friction in Nuclear Star Clusters: Rapid Alignment of an Intermediate-mass Black Hole with a Stellar Disk
• Enhanced Doppler Beaming for Dust-Enshrouded Objects and Pulsars in the Galactic Center
• Measurement of the central Galactic black hole by extremely large mass-ratio inspirals
• Tidal phenomena in the Galactic Center: The curious case of X7
• Auto- and cross-correlations for multiple images of corotating hotspots in accretion disks
• Constraining Axion Dark Matter with Galactic-Centre Resonant Dynamics
• The Galactic Center with Roman
• The Core-shift of Sagittarius A* as a Discriminant between Disk and Jet Emission Models with millimeter-VLBI
• Constraining Nuclear Molecular Gas Content with High-resolution CO Imaging of GOALS Galaxies
• Light propagation and gravitational lensing effects in charged Kalb-Ramond spacetime in nonlinear electrodynamics
• Testing the Non-circularity of the Spacetime around Sagittarius A* with Orbiting Pulsars
• What does lie at the Milky Way centre? Insights from the S2 star orbit precession
• High Energy Emission from the Galactic Center
• Higher-dimensional black holes with multiple equal rotations
• Search for long-term variability of HESS J1745-290
• PPN--spin degeneracies in mock S62-like stellar-orbit inference
• The contribution to Galactic Centre γ-ray excess from cluster-born millisecond pulsars. Constraints from direct N-body simulations
• Black Hole Survival Guide: Searching for Stars in the Galactic Center That Endure Partial Tidal Disruption
• 4-8 GHz Fourier-domain Searches for Galactic Center Pulsars
• 3D CMZ V: A new orbital model of our Galaxy's Center, informed by data across the electromagnetic spectrum
• The Dyson Minds 2025 Workshop: SETI around Black Holes
• All analytic solutions for geodesic motion in axially symmetric space-times
• Photometric properties of nuclear star clusters and their host galaxies in the Fornax cluster
• An Analysis of HCN Observations of The Galactic Centre's Circumnuclear Disk
• Implication of spin constraints by the Event Horizon Telescope on stellar orbits in the Galactic Center
• Revolution of S-stars and oscillation of solar and terrestrial observables: nonrandom coincidence of periods
• Radiative energy from a reconnection region around massive black hole
• On the reconstruction of motion of a binary star moving in the external gravitational field of Kerr black hole by its redshift
• Diffuse Hot Plasma in the Interstellar Medium and Galactic Outflows
• On the nature of the black hole information problem
• From the Circumnuclear Disk in the Galactic Center to thick, obscuring tori of AGNs -- Modelling the molecular emission of a parsec-scale torus as found in NGC1068
• Massive black holes and their galaxies
• Wind accretion onto compact objects
• Thermomagnetic Ettingshausen-Nernst effect in tachocline, magnetic reconnection phenomenon in lower layers, axion mechanism of solar luminosity variations, coronal heating problem solution and mechanism of ADM variations around BH
• Strong gravitational lensing for the charged black holes with scalar hair
• Star-formation in nuclear clusters and the origin of the Galactic Center apparent core distribution
• Light curves and spectra for stellar collisions between main-sequence stars in galactic nuclei
• Is the Peculiar Galactic Center Transient Swift J174610.4-290018 A Nova Outburst?
• A solution to the paradox of youth in the Galactic centre
• Dips in the sub-TeV gamma-ray light curves from central parts of galaxies due to transiting luminous stars
• Limits on the Inferred Hubble Constant Bias from a Local McVittie Gravitational Field
• Towards Searching for Photons with Energies beyond the PeV Range from Galactic PeVatrons
• Revisiting the Evolutionary Status of Massive Stars at the central parsec of the Milky Way
• Constructing a gravitational wave analysis pipeline for extremely large mass ratio inspirals